Engineering Commons^™

High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study, Volume 1: Structural Behavior, Robert J. Frosch, Timothy S. Aldridge

JTRP Technical Reports

Transverse cracking of concrete bridge decks is problematic in numerous states. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges and can appear shortly after opening the structure to live loads. To improve the service life of the bridge deck as well as decrease maintenance costs, changes to current construction practices in Indiana are being considered. A typical bridge deck was instrumented which incorporated the following: increased reinforcement amounts, decreasing reinforcement spacing, and high-performance, low-shrinkage concrete. The low shrinkage concrete was achieved using a ternary concrete mix. The objective of this research was to determine the …

Alternative Land Use Patterns To Minimize Congestion (Volume 2: Evaluating The Feasibility Of New Urbanism In An Existing Neighborhood), Huei Koh, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities.

Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the …

Methods Of Safety Improvements At Coordinated Signals, Wei Li, Andrew P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

In this research, the safety impact of arterial signal coordination is investigated. Based on the findings, procedures are proposed to incorporate safety considerations into signal coordination design. In addition, a software tool is developed to facilitate the use of the research findings. Signal coordination has been extensively employed as a tool to optimize an arterial system’s mobility performance, commonly measured by the total number of vehicle stops and the time of delays. Although vehicle crashes at signalized intersections have long been recognized as a major safety threat, studies to date have been limited locally to non-coordinated signals or the noncoordinated …

Investigation Of The Effective Use Of Warning Lights On Indiana Department Of Transportation (Indot) Vehicles And Equipment, Bob Mccullouch, Brandon Stevens

JTRP Technical Reports

This study was requested by INDOT to determine if current lighting packages used on INDOT maintenance vehicles, specifically snow plow vehicles, can be improved with other commercially available products. Different light products were obtained from various vendors, mounted on INDOT vehicles, and visual comparisons were performed under various lighting and weather conditions by a team of observers. The comparison evaluations were performed revealing that other light packages, LED models for most options, were brighter and certain colors more visible. The preferred light models are recommended. These recommendations were forwarded to appropriate individuals that make these decisions at INDOT. Implementation is …

Alternative Land Use Patterns To Minimize Congestion (Volume 3: Empirical Study Of Mixed Land Use Traditional Neighborhoods), Li Jin, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities.

Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the …

Use Of Micropiles For Foundations Of Transportation Structures Final Report, Hoyoung Seo, Monica Prezzi

JTRP Technical Reports

In pile design, piles must be able to sustain axial loads from the superstructure without bearing capacity failure or structural damage. In addition, piles must not settle or deflect excessively in order for the serviceability of the superstructures to be maintained. In general, settlement controls the design of piles in most cases because, by the time a pile has failed in terms of bearing capacity, it is very likely that serviceability will have already been compromised. Therefore, realistic estimation of settlement for a given load is very important in design of axially loaded piles. This notwithstanding, pile design has relied …

An Empirical Study Of Performance Benefits Of Network Coding In Multihop Wireless Networks, Y. Charlie Hu, Chih-Chun Wang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical Reports

Recently, network coding has gained much popularity and several practical routing schemes have been proposed for wireless mesh networks that exploit interflow network coding for improved throughput. However, the evaluation of these protocols either assumed simple topologies and traffic patterns such as opposite flows along a single chain, or small, dense networks which have ample overhearing of each other’s transmissions in addition to many overlapping flows. In this paper, we seek to answer the fundamental question: how much performance benefit from network coding can be expected for general traffic patterns in a moderate-sized wireless mesh network? We approach this question …

Alternative Land Use Patterns To Minimize Congestion (Volume 1: Comparative Analysis Of Mixed Land Use And Separated Land Use Neighborhoods), Amica Bose, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

Urban sprawl creates serious traffic congestion. Alternative land use patterns may be the best solution. New Urbanists claim that, by placing frequently-visited sites within walking distance of homes and creating a pleasant walking environment, people are more willing to choose non-motorized transportation mode to do such activities.

Part I of this study investigated the ability of travel demand models to estimate the impacts of alternative land use patterns. Part II conducted an economic viability analysis for a mixed land use neighborhood and collected land use preferences at meetings of neighborhood associations. The objective in Part III was to evaluate the …

Safety And Operational Impacts Of Alternative Intersections, Andrew P. Tarko, Mike Inerowicz, Brandon Lang

JTRP Technical Reports

As the degradation of service at some conventional intersections increases, there becomes a need for alternative solutions other than expensive interchanges. Many alternative intersections have been proposed in the past. Under certain traffic and local conditions some solutions are more promising than other. In some cases, the conventional intersection may still be the optimal choice. The presented research focused on developing guidelines that would help planners and designers identify the most promising solutions for further analysis. This objective has been addresses in two ways. Firstly, the existing knowledge on alternative intersections has been identified. Secondly, the performance of conventional and …

Solutions In Folded Geometries, And Associated Cloaking Due To Anomalous Resonance, Graeme W. Milton, Nicolae-Alexandru P. Nicorovici, Ross C. Mcphedran, Kirill Cherednichenko, Zubin Jacob

Birck and NCN Publications

Solutions for the fields in a coated cylinder where the core radius is bigger than the shell radius are seemingly unphysical, but can be given a physical meaning if one transforms to an equivalent problem by unfolding the geometry. In particular, the unfolded material can act as an impedance matched hyperlens, and as the loss in the lens goes to zero finite collections of polarizable line dipoles lying within a critical region surrounding the hyperlens are shown to be cloaked having vanishingly small dipole moments. This cloaking, which occurs both in the folded geometry and the equivalent unfolded one, is …

Transformation Optics: Approaching Broadband Electromagnetic Cloaking, Alexander V. Kildishev, W Cai, U K. Chettiar, V. M. Shalaev

Birck and NCN Publications

An approach to broadband cloaking of light waves is analysed for a simplified case of a scaling transformation for a general cylindrical coordinate system. The proposed approach requires metamaterials with specifically engineered dispersion. The restriction on the signs of gradients in the dispersion dependencies of the dielectric permittivity and the magnetic permeability for different operational wavelengths is revealed and is shown to cause difficulties unless additional gain-assisted compensation for losses or electromagnetically induced transparency is introduced in the cloaking system.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Novel Responses And Potential Regulatory Genes Involved In Seasonal Dormancy Transitions Of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula L.), David P. Horvath, Wun S. Chao, Jeffrey C. Suttle, Jyothi Thimmapuram, James V. Anderson

Cyber Center Publications

Dormancy of buds is a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive extreme seasonal variations in climate. Dormancy transitions in underground crown buds of the model herbaceous perennial weed leafy spurge were investigated using a 23 K element cDNA microarray. These data represent the first large-scale transcriptome analysis of dormancy in underground buds of an herbaceous perennial species. Crown buds collected monthly from August through December, over a five year period, were used to monitor the changes in the transcriptome during dormancy transitions.

Toward Nanowire Electronics, Joerg Appenzeller, Joachim Knoch, Mikael Bjoerk, Heike Riel, Heinz Schmid, Walter Riess

Other Nanotechnology Publications

This paper discusses the electronic transport properties of nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs). Four different device concepts are studied in detail: Schottky-barrier NW-FETs with metallic source and drain contacts, conventional-type NW-FETs with doped NW segments as source and drain electrodes, and, finally, two new concepts that enable steep turn-on characteristics, namely, NW impact ionization FETs and tunnel NW-FETs. As it turns out, NW-FETs are, to a large extent, determined by the device geometry, the dimensionality of the electronic transport, and the way of making contacts to the NW. Analytical as well as simulation results are compared with experimental data to explain …

Structures And Energetics Of Silicon Nanotubes From Molecular Dynamics And Density Functional Theory, Amritanshu Palaria, Gerhard Klimeck, Alejandro Strachan

PRISM: NNSA Center for Prediction of Reliability, Integrity and Survivability of Microsystems

We use molecular dynamics with a first-principles-based force field and density functional theory to predict the atomic structure, energetics, and elastic properties of Si nanotubes. We find various low-energy and low-symmetry hollow structures with external diameters of about 1 nm. These are the most stable structures in this small-diameter regime reported so far and exhibit properties very different from the bulk. While the cohesive energies of the four most stable nanotubes reported here are similar (from 0.638 to 0.697 eV above bulk Si), they have disparate Young's moduli (from 72 to 123 GPa).

Bright-Field Analysis Of Phi29 Dna Packaging Motor Using A Magnetomechanical System, Chun-Li Chang, Hui Zhang, Dan Shu, Peixuan Guo, Cagri A. Savran

Birck and NCN Publications

We report a simple and robust magnetomechanical system for direct visual observation of the DNA packaging behavior of the bacteriophage phi29 in real time. The system comprises a micron-sized magnetic bead attached to the free end of the viral DNA, a magnet and a bright-field microscope. We show that the phi29 DNA packaging activity can be observed and dynamically analyzed at the single molecular level in bright field with a relatively simple system. With this system we also visually demonstrate the phi29 motor transporting a cargo 10 000 times the viral size.

Development And Annotation Of Perennial Triticeae Ests And Ssr Markers., B.S. Bushman, S R Larson, I W Mott, P F Cliften, R R Wang, N J Chatterton, A G Hernandez, S Ali, R W Kim, Jyothi Thimmapuram, G Gong, L Liu, M A Mikel

Cyber Center Publications

Triticeae contains hundreds of species of both annual and perennial types. Although substantial genomic tools are available for annual Triticeae cereals such as wheat and barley, the perennial Triticeae lack sufficient genomic resources for genetic mapping or diversity research. To increase the amount of sequence information available in the perennial Triticeae, three expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries were developed and annotated for Pseudoroegneria spicata, a mixture of both Elymus wawawaiensis and E. lanceolatus, and a Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides interspecific hybrid. The ESTs were combined into unigene sets of 8 780 unigenes for P. spicata, 11 281 unigenes for …

Development Of An Integrated Land-Use Transportation Model For Indiana, Li Jin, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation has an operational statewide travel demand model (ISTDM). INDOT also has used the Land Use Central Indiana (LUCI) model to forecast conversion of land to residential and employment uses in future decades over a 44-county area in central Indiana. This paper describes how the LUCI model was expanded to cover the same geographic area as the ISTDM, how the internal structure of each model was made to be compatible with the other model, and how the outputs from each model were made to be suitable as inputs to the other model. The result is an …

Analysis And Determination Of Axle Load Spectra And Traffic Input For The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, Tommy E. Nantung, Huaxin Chen

JTRP Technical Reports

The values of equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) have been used to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. To improve the pavement design procedures, a new method, called the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), has been developed to use the axle load spectra to represent the vehicle loads in pavement design. These spectra represent the percentage of the total axle applications within each load interval for single, tandem, tridem, and quad axles. Using axle load spectra as the traffic input, the MEPDG method is able to analyze the impacts of varying traffic loads on pavement and provide an optimal …

2008 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

2008 Statewide Bridge Sufficiency Rating Report, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

The main purpose of this report is to provide bridge sufficiency rating information for the bridges in each county. This information results from the data generated by the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) program authorized by the 1968 Federal Aid Highway Act.

Assessing Pedagogy In Bioengineering Classrooms: Quantifying Elements Of The “How People Learn” Model Using The Vanth Observation System (Vos), Monica F. Cox, David S. Cordray

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

One goal of the VaNTH Engineering Research Center is to estimate the effects of the “value added” to bioengineering student learning as a result of “How People Learn” (HPL) framework interventions. A necessary step in that process is to assess pedagogical differences in both lecture-based and HPL-oriented courses. Data from 28 bioengineering courses, over five semesters, were analyzed using a newly developed HPL Index. This index, developed from the Classroom Interaction Observation portion of the VaNTH Observation System, reports levels of HPL-inspired pedagogy, traditional pedagogy, and classroom organization within a class using codes for different types of faculty and student …

Assessment Of Axially-Loaded Pile Dynamic Design Methods And Review Of Indot Axially-Loaded Pile Design Procedure, Dimitrios Loukidis, Rodrigo Salgado, Grace Abou-Jaoude

JTRP Technical Reports

The general aim of the present research is to identify areas of improvement and propose changes in the current methodologies followed by INDOT for design of axially loaded piles, with special focus on the dynamic analysis of pile driving. Interviews with INDOT geotechnical engineers and private geotechnical consultants frequently involved in INDOT’s deep foundation projects provided information on the methods and software currently employed. It was found that geotechnical engineers rely on static unit soil resistance equations that were developed over twenty years ago and that have a relatively large degree of empiricism. Updated and improved static design equations recently …

Evaluation Of Performance And Design Of Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (Bonded Concrete Resurfacing) Using Large-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing, Scott Newbolds, Jan Olek

JTRP Technical Reports

Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (UTW) is a pavement rehabilitation technique that involves the placement of a thin Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) overlay, 2 inches (50 mm) to 4 inches (100 mm) thick, over a distressed Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement. Typically, the HMA pavement is milled and cleaned which helps to create a bond between the existing HMA pavement and the PCC overlay. The bond between the two layers promotes composite action of the pavement section and as a result has a direct impact on the performance of the UTW Pavement. This composite action allows for the reduced thickness in the UTW …

A Parallel Spectral Element Method For Dynamic Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Elasticity Problems, S. Dong, Z. Yosibash

PRISM: NNSA Center for Prediction of Reliability, Integrity and Survivability of Microsystems

We present a high-order method employing Jacobi polynomial-based shape functions, as an alternative to the typical Legendre polynomial-based shape functions in solid mechanics, for solving dynamic three-dimensional geometrically nonlinear elasticity problems. We demonstrate that the method has an exponential convergence rate spatially and a second-order accuracy temporally for the four classes of problems of linear/geometrically nonlinear elastostatics/elastodynamics. The method is parallelized through domain decomposition and message passing interface (MPI), and is scaled to over 2000 processors with high parallel performance.

Real-Time Arterial Traffic Signal Performance Measures, Christopher M. Day, Edward J. Smaglik, Darcy M. Bullock, James R. Sturdevant

JTRP Technical Reports

Increasing demand for highway system capacity compels transportation agencies to extract as much capacity as possible from existing systems. Traffic signals represent a major component of highway systems. Improvement of traffic signal operation requires accurate performance measures. Despite recent improvements in computing technology, traffic signal controllers are currently not able to capture useful performance measures on a cycle-by-cycle basis. This report presents a set of performance measures that could be collected on a cycle-by-cycle basis by a traffic signal controller given the capability to log phase indications and detector actuations. The performance measures investigated here include the volume-to-capacity ratio and …

Level Spectrum Of Single Gated As Donors, Gabriel P. Lansbergen, Rajib Rahman, J. Caro, N. Collaert, S. Biesemans, Gerhard Klimeck, S. Rogge, L.C. L. Hollenberg

Other Nanotechnology Publications

We study the electrical transport through single As donors incorporated in the channel of a FinFET, i.e. a donor in a three-terminal geometry. By means of spectroscopic measurements in conjuction with a NEMO-3D model, we can identify the excited states and associate them with either the donors Coulomb potential, a triangular well at the interface or a hybridized combination of the two. The correspondence between the transport measurements, the theoretical model and the local environment provides an atomic understanding of actual gated donors in a nanostructure.

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 2: Inductive Loop Detection Of Bicycles And Inductive Loop Signature Processing For Travel Time Estimation, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 1: Communication Field Tests For Satellite, Cellular, And Spread Spectrum Radio, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Statewide Wireless Communications Project, Volume 3: Data Collection And Signal Processing For Improvement Of Road Profiling And Proof Of Concept Of A Vehicle-Infrastructure Based Road Surface Monitoring Application, J. V. Krogmeier, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Statewide Wireless Communications Project was an umbrella project intended to support various INDOT activities in the area of wireless communications. As these activities were conducted independently the report for the project is organized into three volumes. Volume 1 contains the results of satellite and cellular communications field testing undertaken in support of INDOT’s SiteManager application. Volume 1 also contains the results of an evaluation of spread spectrum radios for long-range communications. Volume 2 contains the results of detection zone evaluation for loop detection of bicycles and the results of testing algorithms for travel time estimation using vehicle re-identification based …

Apples And Oranges? A Proposed Research Design To Examine The Correspondence Between Two Measures Of Engineering Learning, Patrick Terenzini, Lisa Lattuca, Matthew Ohland, Russell Long

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

In 2004, ABET commissioned Engineering Change, a study of the impact of Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC2000) on the preparation of undergraduates for careers in engineering. One legacy of that study is a database of EC2000-specific self-reported student learning outcomes at 40 institutions, including precollege characteristics and engineering program outcomes for more than 4,300 graduates of the class of 2004. A second dataset, the Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development (MIDFIELD), compiles institutional data, including demographic and academic transcript records and Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) scores, from nine universities from 1987-2005. In this paper, we propose a design to combine …