Engineering Commons^™

Interaction Between Structures And Fluids, Rahim Falsafi-Haghighi

Dissertations

A finite element model for the study of solid-fluid interaction, with applications in flow-induced vibration analysis of reactor vessel and heat exchanger internals, is presented. The model is based on the discretization of the solid equation of motion and the fluid continuity and momentum equations and employs the solid displacements together with the fluid pressure and velocity components as the nodal degrees of freedom. This permits a realistic and accurate implementation of boundary conditions, in contrast with methods using solid displacements and fluid pressure as the only field variables. The numerical solution of the resulting matrix equation, involving non-symetric matrices, …

The Measurement Of Depolarized Radiation For Monitoring The Mass Concentration Of Particulates, Bruce E. Wilson

Theses

The depolarization of backscattered polarized incident radiation which is expressed as a depolarization ratio was investigated as a means of monitoring the mass concentration of particles in stacks from coal-fired burners. This involved the design of an instrument that would detect small levels of radiation. Two methods were investigated. The first utilized a Gallium Arsenide laser and a silicon detector diode; the second was composed of a xenon flash lamp and a photomultiplier detector tube.

The relationship between the depolarization ratio and the mass concentration of diamond particles in the 0.01 gm/m³ to 0.5 gm/m³ was determined. Diamond …

A Discussion Of Selected Aspects Of Privacy, Confidentiality, And Anonymity In Computerized Conferencing, Computerized Conferencing & Communications Center, Robert Bezilla

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

This paper presents a discussion of the potential uses of privacy, confidentiality and anonymity in computerized conferencing.

Section I begins with definitions of the concepts, their aspects and allied terms; and briefly discusses their use in general communications and problem-solving activities.

Section II explores their use in social research, particularly the survey method, a field that may yield useful analogues for computerized conferencing.

Section III outlines the various functions of privacy, confidentiality and anonymity that have been proposed for their constructive use in computerized conferencing.

Section IV reports various difficulties and compromises that have been encountered to date in striving …

Dynamics Of Submerged Cylindrical Shells With Eccentric Stiffening, Kerry Kier-Ten Chu

Dissertations

A theoretical analysis is presented for treating the free vibrations of submerged, ring stiffened cylindrical shells with simply supported ends. The effects of the eccentric stiffeners are averaged over the thin-walled isotropic cylindrical shell. The energy method is utilized and the frequency equation is derived by Hamilton's Principle. All three degrees of freedom are considered. Numerical results are presented for frequencies and mode separation for several cases of interest. Comparisons with previous theoretical and experimental results indicate good agreement. The cylindrical wave approximation and the plane wave approximation for the field equation were investigated. Their applicability was evaluated and the …

The Continuous Non-Equilibrium Parametric Pump: A Theoretical And Experimental Study, John Lawrence Rak

Dissertations

A continuous parametric pump in which the feed and product streams flow steadily both in upflow and downflow (hot and cold temperatures, respectively) is examined theoretically and experimentally. The model system is Sodium Chloride-Water-Bio Rad AG11A8 Ion Retardation Resin, a physical system characterized by relatively slow interphase mass transfer rates. For short half-cycle times, where interphase equilibrium is not approached, separation of the salt from water is found to be enhanced by longer half-cycle times, smaller reservoir displacements, and longer adsorbant columns. In most cases, separation improves with increasing number of cycles. However, steadily degrading separation is found to exist …

Deposition Of Suspensions In Laminar Flow In The Entrance Region Of Channels With Diffusive, Electrostatic And Gravitational Effects, Thomas Anthony Korjack

Dissertations

This investigation entailed the consideration of the deposition of suspensions in laminar flow in the entrance region of a parallel-plate channel, and both converging and diverging channels, under the combined influences of diffusive, electrostatic and gravitational effects. The fluid phase was assumed to be incompressible, steady and laminar; the particle phase was assumed to be steady, laminar, dilute, and with negligible lift force.

The complete solution of the problem involved solving the boundary layer equations for the completely viscous fluid phase, and the particulate momentum, continuity and potential equations for the particle phase. Since the resulting equations are non-linear partial …

Paper Recycling : Recovery Of Secondary Fibers By Selective Wettability, Gary Keith Welshans

Dissertations

A separation process has been developed which recovers similar paper grades from a mixed stock by selective wettability. This process capitalizes on the various paper additives which are intended to resist water wetting and result in paper flotation. While water can be used to achieve many desirable paper separations, the detention times required are excessive, and therefore, limit any industrial application. Surface-active agents, in low concentrations, can be used advantageously by reducing the detention times for all paper while the structure of the surfactant can be used to selectively recover similar papers over a controlled time period. Detention times have …

The Slow Settling Of A Sphere In A Viscous Fluid In The Proximity Of A Corner, Joseph Kisutcza

Theses

Experimental settling velocities for three different sizes of Delrin spheres in Ucon lubricant were determined at 20.2 degrees Celsius in order to confirm the validity of a theoretically derived equation for the settling of a sphere in the proximity of a corner. The experiments were conducted in a wedge shaped column with a circular sector base, filled with the viscous fluid, where the angle of the wedge was varied for experimental purposes. The distance from the wedge apex to the particle was also changed for the different runs.

The experimental data gave a good approximation of the values evaluated by …

Semicontinous Ph-Parametric Pump : Experimental Study, Hsien-Chih Lee

Theses

Voidage of SP Sephadex (C-50) ion exchanger at different aqueous buffer concentration and the pH have been estimated from draining the interstitial aqueous. Experimental results of the SP Sephadex (C-50) voidage at pH cycling zone are in quantitative agreement with previous test method, so the voidage estimated from draining the interstital aqueous can be used in pH-parametric pumping. The optional displacement volume in semicontinuous pH-parametric pump of different buffer concentration can be predicted from voidage. A semicontinuous pH-parametric pump for separating proteins has been experimentally investigated using the model system haemoglobin and albumin on a. SP Sephadex (C-50) ion exchanger. …

Possible Efficiency Improvements In Residential, Gas Fired Furnances, Philip Louis Rinaldi

Theses

This project examines the problem of how to improve energy utilization in a residential space heating environment. Techniques for lowering unit energy consumption are developed and the feasibility of their implementation is discussed.

The project development first establishes the magnitude of the energy wastage problem for the individual consumer and its impact on the national scale. It must be emphasized that these represent two, sometimes distinctly different justifications for reducing energy use in the home. What may be considered only a small personal waste of $50 to $100 per year may indeed--when viewed in aggregate--represent a significant burden on the …

Management Of Manpower Planning In A Job Shop, John E. Yadlon

Theses

The object of any system of manpower planning is to provide a means to optimize manpower utilization. Within this base there is the normal requirement to provide effective utilization of equipment, materials and manpower. In a production type of environment, studies, statistics, research and supervisory manpower are readily available to best optimize manpower planning. In a job shop environment only fragments of these elements are available. Also, the available supervisory time for studies and implementation of research into statistics is usually very small. The net result is that manpower management in a job shop is all too often guessed at. …

The Introduction Of A Computerized Production Control System In A Small Manufacturing Company, Harry Leroy Zimmerly

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to acquaint the reader with the intricacies of introducing a computerized production control system into a small manufacturing company. To do this a hypothetical company was described as it existed with a manual production control system. The information flow of the manual system was described in detail.

Potential computerized production control systems with a shop data collection system were then investigated. A computerized system would expedite information flow, allow rapid assembly tracking, take accurate data and reveal the actual cost (including labor cost) of an assembly. This was done first by examining technical publications. …

The Countercurrent Multistage Desorption Of The Acetic Acid/Water Solution With An Inert Vapor, Michael John Danko

Theses

The desorption of a acetic acid and water solution with an inert gas was experimentally investigated using a perforated plate distillation column having 17 actual trays. An inert air stream flowing countercurrent was used to strip the water from the acetic acid and water solution.

The feed composition was 0.2509 mole fraction acetic acid. The experimental results showed the best obtainable separation to be 0.16118 and 0.3965 mole fraction acetic acid in the overhead condensate and bottoms respectively, at an average column operating temperature of 56.0 degrees centigrade. The concentration of acetic acid predicted by calculation is 0.003917 and 0.9860 …

A Kinetic Study Of The Reactions Of Poly-L-Lysine With 1-Halo-2, 4-Dinitrobenzenes, Raymond K. Rakowitz

Theses

The kinetics of the reactions of poly-L-lysine with 1-Fluoro, 1-Chloro, 1-Bromo, and 1-Iodo-2,4-Dinitrobenzenes have been studied. The investigation was done at 25°C as a function of pH and concentration. In all cases the rate of reaction increased as pH increased. In the reactions of Chloro, Bromo, and Iododinitrobenzenes with Polylysine the reaction rate is the composite of two rates; one associated with the random coil and one associated with the helical conformation. For the reaction of Fluorodinitrobenzene with Polylysine the reaction rate is the composite of four rates; two associated with the random coil and two associated with the helical …

Axisymmetric Air Jet Impinging On A Hemispherical Concave Plate, Stefan Jachna

Dissertations

This experimental study was conducted on an axisymmetric air jet impinging normally on a smooth, hemispherical, concave plate. The jet Reynolds numbers, based on bulk nozzle velocity and nozzle exit air properties, were between 14,000 and 75,000.

The impingement plate used in this work was a hemispherical surface with the radius of 94 mm.

Calibrated Pitot tubes and a micromanometer were used for pressure and velocity measurements. The Pitot tubes were mounted on precision positioning mechanisms permitting the accurate traversing of any direction in space. The test air flow rate was measured with calibrated rotometers.

The following results of this …

Replicating Bales Problem Solving Experiments On A Computerized Conference: A Pilot Study, Computerized Conferencing & Communications Center, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Kenneth Johnson, Gail Agle

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

Computerized Conferencing is a new form of communication in which the participants type their comments into a computer terminal, and receive their instructions and the comments of others printed on their terminal. This is a report on the results of a pilot study which was aimed mainly at exploring and solving the methodological problems presented by the need to adapt the procedures for conducting and coding face-to-face discussions to studies of this new medium. It represents the first set of controlled experiments on group discussions via a computerized conference.

The independent variable in this pilot study was mode of communication …

Research Options And Imperatives In Computerized Conferencing, Computerized Conferencing & Communications Center, Murray Turoff, Philip Enslow, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, John Mckendree, Raymond Panko

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

This is the report resulting from a computerized conferencing workshop held on the subject of potential research opportunities and requirements in the area of utilizing a computer to aid human communications. It was sponsored by the Division of Mathematical and Computer Sciences of the National Science Foundation (grant # MCS76-80514). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect NSF views or policy.

The workshop utilized the Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) at the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Development And Field Testing Of An Electronic Information Exchange System : Final Report On The Eies Development Project, Computerized Conferencing & Communications Center, Murray Turoff, Starr Roxanne Hiltz

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

The Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) is a particular design of a computerized conferencing system intended to allow both the facilitation of scientific and technical communications and experimentation and research into human information-communication processes. To meet the first objective EIES offers functional components of messaging, conferencing, notebooks and bulletins for its users. To meet the second objective EIES allows for the tailoring of interfaces by individuals and groups, and the incorporation of special processing and interconnect options to other computer and information systems.

EIES is designed as a research tool or laboratory without walls in order to allow information scientists …

Reliability And Surface Degradation Aspects Of Synthetic Insulator Materials For Hv Application, Satyapal S. Bhatia

Dissertations

This study is a theoretical and experimental investigation on the state of the art of synthetic insulators for outdoor high voltage transmission systems.

The surface of a polymeric material is known to be degraded by, among other things, environmental stresses such as UV, air pollutants, etc. The reliability of an insulator material is governed by the surface and other characteristics that do not drift much as a function of stresses and time.

The surface characteristics of various synthetic materials, when these materials were exposed to UV radiation in the laboratory were studied. The changes in the surface properties of these …

So2-Scrubber Technology : Double Alkali Mode, Krishna K. Rao

Theses

Double alkali (D/A) processes for the desulfurization of flue gases occupy an increasingly important role in applied technology.

D/A processes involve two steps, namely, scrubbing and regeneration. In the scrubbing step, the alkali (Na₂SO₃) reacts with SO₂. In the regeneration step the acid formed, NaHSO₃, reacts with an alkali to regenerate Na₂SO₃.

This study was focused on the regeneration step. Regenerants investigated were slurries of lime and limestone. The major factors studied were reactor configuration and mixing patterns.

These systems were investigated in a batch, backmix, and plug-flow …

Municipal Point Source Pollution In The Hackensack Meadowlands Estuary, Alfonso Augustine Hernandez

Theses

A study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of various sewage treatment facilities in the Hackensack Meadowlands District. The study dealt with overall plant efficiencies based on percent removals of suspended solids and Biochemical Oxygen Demand although other parameters were also included.

Samples for this study were obtained from the inlet and outlet channels of the individual plants. The parameters studied were: Suspended Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrite Compounds, Total Organic Carbon, Orthophosphate-P, Total Oxygen Demand and Fecal Coliform. Results obtained were averaged so as to collectively represent wet and dry weather conditions.

The results indicate that most …

Reliability Of Mos Devices : Threshold Voltage Instability, Sesha Rajamani Shankar

Dissertations

A very important factor in the reliability of MOS devices is the stability of the threshold voltage. This dissertation examines the effects of positive and negative gate bias stresses at elevated temperatures on the drift in the threshold voltage of MOS field effect transistors.

Over 400 p-channel enhancement mode devices were life tested under different temperature and gate bias conditions for periods of up to 15,000 hours, and the drift in their threshold voltages studied and analyzed. It was found that under both negative and positive bias-temperature tests, the threshold voltage drifted towards more negative values, though in the negative …

How To Use Electronic Information Exchange System, Computerized Conferencing & Communications Center, Murray Turoff, Trudy Johnson-Lenz, Peter Johnson-Lenz

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

This booklet is an introduction to the use of EIES, Electronic Information Exchange System. EIES (pronounced "eyes") is a very powerful computerized system that allows you to communicate with others on the system in a number of different ways. The intent of this booklet is to teach you the simpler parts of the system and to make you comfortable with using the one-page User's Guide For Electronic Information Exchange System. Later on, as you gain more experience with EIES, you may want to learn some of the more advanced features and tricks. EIES has been designed so that you have …

A Fast Boundary Tracking Alogorithm For Constrained Nonlinear Mathematical Programming Problems, Jacob Yaghoub Moradi

Dissertations

A fast search algorithm for the solution of nonlinear mathematical programming optimization problems is presented in this thesis. A gradient search procedure is combined with a "Boundary Tracking"(BT) method using the feasible direction finding method of Zoutendijk for generating a feasible starting direction along the feasible-infeasible boundary.

The algorithm is applied to the minimum weight design of submersible, circular, cylindrical shells reinforced by equally spaced "T" type frames. This problem had produced algorithm failure in two earlier studies and was only recently solved by the Direct Search-Feasible Direction Algorithm (DSFD) which was shown by recent comparison studies to be among …

The Separation Of Proteins Via Parametric Pumping And Ion Exchange, Paul Albert Falcon

Theses

A pH parametric pump, coupled with ion exchange, was used in an experimental investigation to separate a protein-water binary mixture. The model system consisted of a hemoglobin-water binary mixture. A pH gradient throughout the parametric pumping column was sustained with the use of hollow fiber devices incorporating phosphate buffer circulation.

Data is presented for both batch and semi-continuous recuperative mode pH parametric pumping. Continuous pH parametric pumping for protein isolation has also been envisioned.

No attempt has been made to optimize this newly devel-oped process; however, certain parameters are suspected of controlling separation, including buffer concentration, half cycle time, packed …

The Settling Of Particles In A Square Contained Medium, Richard S. Matyas

Theses

Stokes' Law, has been standardly utilized to calculate the terminal velocity of falling particles. However, the limitation of Stokes' Law is that it does not take into account the container walls and their resulting drag forces. Extensive work with additional drag due to cylindrical container walls has been examined by many investigators. The classical and earliest is the well know Ladenburg Correction which cannot be utilized with non-cylindrical containers. This experimental thesis examines the analog of the Ladenburg relationship for a square container. This experimental thesis was undertaken to experimentally determine the value of the constant K₁ for a …

Nonlinear Buckling Of Deep Cylindrical Shell Panels With Imperfections, Madhusudan H. Jhaveri

Dissertations

The work presented in this dissertation is devoted to the analysis of nonlinear buckling of thin cylindrical shells with imperfections. The nonlinearity of the problem treated in this dissertation is that associated with large displacements in the linear elastic range. The method used is not restricted by the magnitude of the displacements provided that the strains do not exceed the limit of proportionality.

Thus, based upon the large deflection theory, cylindrical shell panel is investigated for buckling under the action of uniform external pressure. Certain higher order infinitesimal terms which are usually neglected in the shallow shell theories, have been …

Flow Of Polymer Melt Blends Through Porous Media, James Atwood Parker

Dissertations

The flow of molten polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) and three blends of these polymers has been studied in a rheogoniometer and in packed beds of unconsolidated spherical glass beads. One primary purpose of the study was to determine the behavior of polymer melt blends in porous media flow. The second major purpose of the work was to develop and test a new and powerful model for packed bed flow based upon the Huang generalized rheological constitutive equations.

Rheological characterization of the pure polymers and blends was obtained using a Roberts-Weissenberg rheogoniometer. Shear and normal stresses were measured at shear rates from …

Acoustical Holography By Holographic Interferometry, Amin Mohamed Hanafy

Dissertations

The ability to "see" with sound has long been an intriguing concept. It is apparent that ultrasonic energy can give an image of an object not obtainable with light or even with x-rays.

In this dissertation, a novel "three-step acoustical holographic imaging system" is described and several means for its implementation are analyzed. A novel holographic acoustic image converter, which constitutes a fundamental link in the three step imaging method was also developed. The use of optical holographic techniques to convert an arbitrary acoustic image to a visible image is conducted and resulted in the introduction of the new technique …

The Guarding Of The Principal Metalworking Machines : The Techniques, Need, And Responsibility, Peter James Schwalje

Theses

This thesis examines the guarding of the principal metalworking machines employed in the economy. The machines selected for consideration comprise the bulk of metal processing equipment utilized in the basic fabrication and manufacturing processes. It has been intuitively recognized that this equipment has been involved in a significant quantity of industrial accidents by the very nature of the hazards created by their normal use. Consequently, a need to develop some form of guarding or means of operator protection is called for.

In order to examine this question the principal metalworking machines are enumerated, their basic operating characteristics set forth,, and …