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Articles 31 - 60 of 93
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Alternate Stimuli For The Elicitation Of Event-Related Potentials, Bryan V. Jackson
Alternate Stimuli For The Elicitation Of Event-Related Potentials, Bryan V. Jackson
Theses and Dissertations
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are systems that leverage user-brain activity to identify and perform specific functions. In applications requiring overt visual attention, focusing on visual stimuli with known temporal variation can elicit measurable changes in brain activity. However, elements of BCI applications can be intrusive. This research was designed to determine if Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), to include Steady-State Visually-Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs), could be elicited and interpreted from less obtrusive stimuli. Specifically, this research explores the use of variable frequency and long-wavelength (infrared) stimuli for SSVEP interpretation to explore the application of less obtrusive stimuli for application in BCIs. It was determined …
Refugees In Urban Environments: Social, Economic, And Infrastructure Impacts, Garrett L. Jameson
Refugees In Urban Environments: Social, Economic, And Infrastructure Impacts, Garrett L. Jameson
Theses and Dissertations
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has estimated that in 2015 there were 21.3 million refugees worldwide; it is estimated that 1.8 million of these persons were newly displaced during 2015. As refugees leave their country to seek the protection of another nation's government, they generally flow into urban areas. The impact of this flow on cities and on the refugees, themselves, is not fully understood. This study is focused on the impact of government policy decisions on the social, legal, and economic integration of refugees within an urban environment. Investigation into this topic resulted in the development of …
A Framework For Analyzing And Discussing Level Of Human Control Abstraction, Clifford D. Johnson
A Framework For Analyzing And Discussing Level Of Human Control Abstraction, Clifford D. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
It is often useful to understand the impact of an artificial teammate upon human workload in human-machine teams. Levels of Autonomy (LoA) differentiate systems based on control authority. Unfortunately, human workload is not necessarily correlated with LoA. An alternate classification framework, designated the Level of Human Control Abstraction (LHCA), is proposed. LHCA differentiates system states based on the control and monitoring tasks performed and the level of decisions made by humans. The framework defines five levels, designed to differentiate between system states based upon anticipated levels of human attention. This presentation will summarize the framework and demonstrate its application.
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Melt-Infiltrated Sic/Sic Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Nicholas J. Boucher
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Melt-Infiltrated Sic/Sic Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Nicholas J. Boucher
Theses and Dissertations
The tension-tension fatigue behavior of an advanced melt-infiltrated (MI) silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was investigated at 1200 degrees Celsius in air and in steam. The MI composite consisted of ten 0/90 plies of Hi-Nicalon-S SiC fibers woven in a five harness satin weave (5HSW), a CVI BN interphase to provide a weak fiber-matrix interphase, and a CVI SiC matrix layer followed by infiltration with SiC particulate slurry and molten silicon. Nine tensile specimens of the material were used in a pilot investigation of mechanical performance at elevated temperature. One specimen was used in a monotonic tensile …
A Framework For Categorization Of Industrial Control System Cyber Training Environments, Evan G. Plumley
A Framework For Categorization Of Industrial Control System Cyber Training Environments, Evan G. Plumley
Theses and Dissertations
First responders and professionals in hazardous occupations undergo training and evaluations for the purpose of mitigating risk and damage. For example, helicopter pilots train with multiple categorized simulations that increase in complexity before flying a real aircraft. However in the industrial control cyber incident response domain, where incident response professionals help detect, respond and recover from cyber incidents, no official categorization of training environments exist. To address this gap, this thesis provides a categorization of industrial control training environments based on realism. Four levels of environments are proposed and mapped to Blooms Taxonomy. This categorization will help organizations determine which …
Autoprov: An Automated File Provenance Collection Tool, Ryan A. Good
Autoprov: An Automated File Provenance Collection Tool, Ryan A. Good
Theses and Dissertations
A file's provenance is a detailing of its origins and activities. There are tools available that are useful in maintaining the provenance of a file. Unfortunately for digital forensics, these tools require prior installation on the computer of interest while provenance generating events happen. The presented tool addresses this by reconstructing a file's provenance from several temporal artifacts. It identifies relevant temporal and user correlations between these artifacts, and presents them to the user. A variety of predefined use cases and real world data are tested against to demonstrate that this software allows examiners to draw useful conclusions about the …
United States Air Force Unaccompanied Housing Divestiture: An Economic Analysis, Dustin L. Gooden
United States Air Force Unaccompanied Housing Divestiture: An Economic Analysis, Dustin L. Gooden
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research is to determine potential cost savings associated with Air Force unaccompanied housing divestiture. This research uses Air Education and Training Command (AETC) installations as the data sample for the analysis, and will analyze the status quo, privatization, and identical FSRM options. With 16% of Air Force unaccompanied housing currently rated at various levels of inadequacy and the PRV for the inadequate housing at $2,315,773,149.00, the costs associated with renovating the inadequate unaccompanied housing is substantial. Moreover, the inadequacy of unaccompanied housing is part of the Air Force’s acceptance of risk in facilities and infrastructure to …
An Empirical Analysis Of Air Force Military Construction Project Delivery Method Performance In The United States, Erich C. Kramer
An Empirical Analysis Of Air Force Military Construction Project Delivery Method Performance In The United States, Erich C. Kramer
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of the design-bid-build and design-build project delivery methods in Air Force military construction (MILCON). Project delivery performance is measured through quantitative cost, schedule, and change order metrics for 264 design-bid-build and 316 design-build MILCON projects from 2003-2014. The average response measures were statistically compared within each delivery method using three independent variables: time, facility type, and major command (MAJCOM). The historical analysis revealed that the current working estimate programmed amount ratios improved over time for design-build projects, and an overall consistency in schedule growth and project duration performance occurred across …
Using Markov Decision Processes With Heterogeneous Queueing Systems To Examine Military Medevac Dispatching Policies, Phillip R. Jenkins
Using Markov Decision Processes With Heterogeneous Queueing Systems To Examine Military Medevac Dispatching Policies, Phillip R. Jenkins
Theses and Dissertations
major focus of the Military Health System is to provide efficient and timely medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) to battlefield casualties. Medical planners are responsible for developing dispatching policies that dictate how aerial military MEDEVAC units are utilized during major combat operations. The objective of this research is to determine how to optimally dispatch MEDEVAC units in response to 9-line MEDEVAC requests to maximize MEDEVAC system performance. A discounted, infinite horizon Markov decision process (MDP) model is developed to examine the MEDEVAC dispatching problem. The MDP model allows the dispatching authority to accept, reject, or queue incoming requests based on the request's …
Transient Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Thin Film Titanium Nitride, Sarahkatie Thomas
Transient Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Thin Film Titanium Nitride, Sarahkatie Thomas
Theses and Dissertations
nitride (TiN) and scandium nitride (ScN), using the beam deflection characterization technique. The thin films were made at the Air Force Research Lab by controllably unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Transition metal nitrides, specifically TiN, are used widely in industry because of their unique properties, including extreme hardness and high damage threshold. The properties of thin film transition metal nitrites are dependent on the chemical structure of the thin film, which can be heavily influenced by substrate and deposition method. This durability and tunability is an asset in applications such as sensor protection and all optical computing. Two substrates, sapphire (Al2 …
On Proportionate And Truthful International Alliance Contributions: An Analysis Of Incentive Compatible Cost Sharing Mechanisms To Burden Sharing, William N. Caballero
On Proportionate And Truthful International Alliance Contributions: An Analysis Of Incentive Compatible Cost Sharing Mechanisms To Burden Sharing, William N. Caballero
Theses and Dissertations
Burden sharing within an international alliance is a contentious topic, especially in the current geopolitical environment, that in practice is generally imposed by a central authority's perception of its members' abilities to contribute. Instead, we propose a cost sharing mechanism such that burden shares are allocated to nations based on their honest declarations of the alliance's worth. Specifically, we develop a set of multiobjective nonlinear optimization problem formulations that respectively impose Bayesian Incentive Compatible (BIC), Strategyproof (SP), and Group Strategyproof (GSP) mechanisms based on probabilistic inspection efforts and deception penalties that are budget balanced and in the core. Any feasible …
Analyzing The Critical Supply Chain For Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Megan L. Muniz
Analyzing The Critical Supply Chain For Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Megan L. Muniz
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) play a vital role in present day operations due their asset capability and ability to reduce risk to pilots’ lives. A complex supply chain network capable of producing and integrating all raw materials, components, sub- systems, and systems supports the successful acquisition of a UAS. Such a complex network is supported by vital supply chain decisions. Two important decisions regarding supply chain design include supplier selection and optimal flow of material and product Whether a decision maker wishes to design or interdict a supply chain, the methodology developed in this thesis provides a suite of tailorable …
Survival Analysis Of Us Air Force Officer Retention Rate, Courtney N. Franzen
Survival Analysis Of Us Air Force Officer Retention Rate, Courtney N. Franzen
Theses and Dissertations
Personnel retention is a matter of great interest in the private and public sectors. In the public sector--specifically the US Air Force--maintaining appropriate retention levels of rated officers is paramount as these officers are the backbone of the Air Force’s mission. As part of the effort to ensure proper retention rates for rated officers, retention models are created by the Air Force Personnel division that assist in predicting future retention patterns and accession needs. The techniques for creating these models, known as the "sustainment line," involve utilizing average retention percentages obtained from historical data. In this study, more statistical-based methods …
A Scenario-Based Parametric Analysis Of Stable Marriage Approaches To The Army Officer Assignment Problem, Matthew D. Ferguson
A Scenario-Based Parametric Analysis Of Stable Marriage Approaches To The Army Officer Assignment Problem, Matthew D. Ferguson
Theses and Dissertations
This paper compares linear programming and stable marriage approaches to the assignment problem under conditions of uncertainty. Robust solutions should exhibit reduced variability in the presence of one or more additional constraints. Several variations of each approach are compared with respect to solution quality, as measured by the overall social welfare among Officers and Assignments, and robustness as measured by the number of changes after a number of randomized perturbations. We examine the contrasts between these methods in the context of assigning Army Officers among a set of identified assignments. Additional constraints are modeled after realistic scenarios faced by Army …
Optimal Design Of A Hexakis Icosahedron Vacuum Based Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Joseph R. Schwemmer
Optimal Design Of A Hexakis Icosahedron Vacuum Based Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Joseph R. Schwemmer
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the rising cost and scarcity of helium, new methods to ensure buoyancy for lighter-than-air vehicles (LTAVs) are being sought. One alternative under study uses an internal vacuum to reduce the weight to buoyancy ratio. It's a novel approach; however, the vacuum presents challenges for the vehicle's structure. The structure must have minimum mass while preventing buckling and excess stress throughout the frame and membrane. The structure under analysis is a hexakis icosahedron with a membrane covering. Achieving minimum mass involves optimizing the structure under the loading conditions. Finite-element analysis (FEA) and direct-search methods are employed, providing an optimal …
2018 Military Retirement Options: An Expected Net Present Value Decision Analysis Model, Bret N. Witham
2018 Military Retirement Options: An Expected Net Present Value Decision Analysis Model, Bret N. Witham
Theses and Dissertations
The 2016 NDAA authorized changes to the military retirement system transitioning from the legacy High-3 defined benefit annuity to the new Blended Retirement System (BRS). In exchange for a reduced defined benefit annuity, the BRS incorporates automatic and matching contributions to the member’s Thrift Savings Plan and a continuation payment offered at 12 years of service. In 2018,service members with less than 12 years of service will make an irrevocable decision between the two retirement systems. This research effort addresses the problem by developing a decision analysis model incorporating up to 27 different input variables. Service members can use the …
Feasibility And Environmental Implications Of Using Waste Motor Oil As Alternative Supplemental Fuel In Contingency Prime Power Generation, Zachary S. Bierhaus
Feasibility And Environmental Implications Of Using Waste Motor Oil As Alternative Supplemental Fuel In Contingency Prime Power Generation, Zachary S. Bierhaus
Theses and Dissertations
In an era of strict hazardous material restrictions and intense energy savings projects, DoD has an opportunity for a waste-to-energy initiative by looking to vintage diesel engine technology for inspiration. The idea comes in the form of recycled Waste Motor Oil (WMO) which can be used as a fuel in compression-ignition engines. When mixed at a low blend ratio, WMO can supplement diesel fuels to extend the range of fuel stores for electrical power generating equipment at contingency military bases while simultaneously decreasing the burden on fuel supply chain management and the hazardous waste disposal stream. This research looked at …
Identifying Partnership Opportunities At Air Force Installations: A Geographic Information Systems Approach, Corey R. Degroot
Identifying Partnership Opportunities At Air Force Installations: A Geographic Information Systems Approach, Corey R. Degroot
Theses and Dissertations
The excess capacity found in the Department of Defense real property portfolio creates challenges for leaders to provide resilient installations. Combining this fact with current funding trends makes decisions on how to properly maintain infrastructure even more challenging. The Air Force Partnership Initiative provides tools for installations to leverage community capabilities and resources to achieve savings and improve quality on Air Force installations and can reduce the real property footprint. This research proposes a method for assessing the viability of a partnership between Air Force installations and their nearby communities.
This research effort created a tool capable of investigating off-base …
Application Of Enlisted Force Retention Levels And Career Field Stability, Jamie T. Zimmermann
Application Of Enlisted Force Retention Levels And Career Field Stability, Jamie T. Zimmermann
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force’s success is influenced by the manpower it has. The end-strength is Congressionally mandated. Predicting personnel retention is critical to the operations of the military. Over 10 years ago, the Air Force produced enlisted career field sustainment lines based on manning. If a career field was over manned the authorizations were decreased, likewise if a career field was under manned the authorizations were increased. The constant fluctuation of manning caused bathtubs to be created and requirements to go unfilled. Currently, the Air Force produces enlisted career field sustainment lines based on the 5-year historical retention rates. This method …
Reliability And Cost Impacts For Attritable Systems, Bryan R. Bentz
Reliability And Cost Impacts For Attritable Systems, Bryan R. Bentz
Theses and Dissertations
Attritable systems trade system attributes like reliability and reparability to achieve lower acquisition cost and decrease cost risk. Ultimately, it is hoped that by trading these attributes the amount of systems able to be acquired will be increased. However, the effect of trading these attributes on system-level reliability and cost risk is difficult to express complicated reparable systems like an air vehicle. Failure-time and cost data from a baseline limited-life air vehicle is analyzed for this reliability and reparability trade study. The appropriateness of various reliability and cost estimation techniques are examined for these data. This research employs the cumulative …
Optimal Configurations For Aerosol Monitoring With Multi-Rotor Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Inna D. Chavez
Optimal Configurations For Aerosol Monitoring With Multi-Rotor Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Inna D. Chavez
Theses and Dissertations
Applicability of aerosol sampling on multi-rotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform was investigated. Multi-rotor UAS have impacts of wind speed, turbulence, and orientation possibly contributing to sampling bias. The SKC IMPACT sampler, Tecora C.A.Th.I.A., and modified three-dimensionally printed Universal Inlet for Airborne-Particle Size-Selective Sampling were selected based on particle size-selectivity and operational independence to wind. Airflow visualizations concluded that below UAS fuselage was optimal sampler placement. Tests were conducted with Arizona Road Dust in a still-air chamber, and aerosolized sugar in a wind tunnel. Inlet mounting was evaluated in, upright, upside-down, and horizontal orientations. Horizontal orientations of all inlets resulted …
Military Space Mission Design And Analysis In A Multi-Body Environment: An Investigation Of High-Altitude Orbits As Alternative Transfer Paths, Parking Orbits For Reconstitution, And Unconventional Mission Orbits, John N. Brick
Theses and Dissertations
High-altitude satellite trajectories are analyzed in the Earth-Moon circular restricted three-body problem. The equations of motion for this dynamical model possess no known closed-form analytical solution; therefore, numerical methods are employed. To gain insight into the dynamics of high-altitude trajectories in this multi-body dynamical environment, periapsis Poincare' maps are generated at particular values of the Jacobi Constant. These maps are employed as visual aids to generate initial guesses for orbital transfers and to determine the predictability of the long term behavior of a spacecraft's trajectory. Results of the current investigation demonstrate that high-altitude transfers may be performed for comparable, and …
Predicting Solar Performance In A Contingency Environment To Meet Net-Zero Facility Power, Anthony D. Williams
Predicting Solar Performance In A Contingency Environment To Meet Net-Zero Facility Power, Anthony D. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. government is involved in contingency operations all over the world and these operations require operational support and sustainment in these locations; this includes the reliable delivery of power to base infrastructure. The traditional means of delivering this support requirement in austere environments has been the use of diesel-power generation that has an extensive logistical and economic tail. The research sought out contingency solar applications that may be implemented and operated to offset the facility demand loads in the location to achieve net-zero power. This research explores the technical feasibility of a deployable photovoltaic microgrid to deliver power to …
The Impact Of Atmospheric Fluctuations On Optimal Boost Glide Hypersonic Vehicle Dynamics, Melissa A. Dunkel
The Impact Of Atmospheric Fluctuations On Optimal Boost Glide Hypersonic Vehicle Dynamics, Melissa A. Dunkel
Theses and Dissertations
A project under the management of Air Force Research Laboratory has begun development of a six degree of freedom model for use in hypersonic vehicle development and application. One area of interest is the perturbation of vehicle behavior based on atmospheric fluctuations – how the performance of the vehicle changes with respect to “hot”, “cold” and standard day conditions. The method developed to fill this need uses real-world data from the Global Forecast System to create a “hot” and “cold” day dataset to compare with the standard day model. The key parameter is atmospheric density, a value calculated over a …
Adsorption Of Perfluorinated Compounds From Post-Emergency Response Wastewater, Christopher T. Schmidt
Adsorption Of Perfluorinated Compounds From Post-Emergency Response Wastewater, Christopher T. Schmidt
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the efficacy of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a method to treat water impacted with aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) after a firefighting response. Bench-top experiments were conducted and compared to field scale adsorber performance removing mg/L concentrations of PFAS in water contaminated with Military Specification AFFF. Batch tests compared four adsorbents, and determined Calgon F600 GAC and Rembind Plus mixed carbon media had the greatest perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) capacities. Additional batch isotherm experiments using AFFF and higher PFOS concentrations (mg/L) indicated larger amounts of GAC are required (>30mg/L) for effective removal. Full-scale testing simulated an …
Resource Evaluation Of Quantum Linear Systems Algorithm For Application To Electromagnetic Scattering Problems, Casey J.R. Riggs
Resource Evaluation Of Quantum Linear Systems Algorithm For Application To Electromagnetic Scattering Problems, Casey J.R. Riggs
Theses and Dissertations
Current limitations in quantum computing technology does not allow for very large applications of quantum algorithms, and it is the nature of quantum algorithms not only to be able to solve problems of interest much more quickly than classical means but also to do so with less resources which makes them so promising! One such problem of interest is the application of the Quantum Linear Systems Algorithm, along with a few other subroutines, to the calculation of an electromagnetic scattering cross-section via finite element methods. This work composes a resource analysis of the algorithm as well as required subroutines and …
An Analysis Of Radio-Frequency Geolocation Techniques For Satellite Systems Design, Daniel R. Barnes
An Analysis Of Radio-Frequency Geolocation Techniques For Satellite Systems Design, Daniel R. Barnes
Theses and Dissertations
This research 1) evaluates the effectiveness of CubeSat radio-frequency geolocation and 2) analyzes the sensitivity of different RF algorithms to system parameters. A MATLAB simulation is developed to assess geolocation accuracy for variable system designs and techniques (AOA, TDOA, T/FDOA). An unconstrained maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and three different digital elevation models (DEM) are utilized as the surface of the Earth constraint to improve geolocation accuracy. The results presented show the effectiveness of the MLE and DEM techniques, the sensitivity of AOA, TDOA, and T/FDOA algorithms, and the system level performance of a CubeSat geolocation cluster in a 500km circular …
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures Using Finite Element Methods, Christopher A. Box
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures Using Finite Element Methods, Christopher A. Box
Theses and Dissertations
Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are well known for their ability to fabricate parts with complex geometries. Lattice structures leverage this ability to create parts with high strength-to-weight ratio and other desirable structural qualities. This research presents a parameterized modeling tool using common Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and scripting software with which aggregated lattice structures can be analyzed, given different geometric properties and loading conditions. A full factorial Design of Experiments is run to explore the effects of various parameters on the strength of lattice structures. Experimental compressive strength results from three FDM-produced PLA lattices are discussed and compared to predictions …
Investigation Of Dynamic Store Separation Out Of A Weapons Bay Cavity Utilizing A Low Speed Wind Tunnel, Andrew D. Bower
Investigation Of Dynamic Store Separation Out Of A Weapons Bay Cavity Utilizing A Low Speed Wind Tunnel, Andrew D. Bower
Theses and Dissertations
Characterizing mission store trajectories as they separate from a weapons bay cavity is highly relevant to the Air Force mission. The flow around a weapons bay is unsteady. The unsteady flow can cause a mission store separation trajectory to be unpredictable, and such is the case for what some have termed a pitch bifurcation. Traditional wind tunnel testing is incapable of detecting a bifurcation because traditional wind tunnel testing records time-averaged data. In this study, an experimental testing system was developed and refined in order to support the time-accurate characterization of dynamic mission store separation events. A Motion Test Apparatus …
Stressed Oxidation Of Hafnium Diboride In Air At 1500°C, Thomas A. Bowen
Stressed Oxidation Of Hafnium Diboride In Air At 1500°C, Thomas A. Bowen
Theses and Dissertations
Hypersonic vehicles with narrow airfoils produce thin boundary layers and shock temperatures in excess of 2000°C, exceeding the operating limits of traditional aerospace materials. The use of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) allows for operating temperatures far exceeding those of metallic alloys. One such UHTC is hafnium diboride (HfB2). Transition metal diborides generally experience significant oxidation degradation at elevated temperatures. The use of additives, such as silicon carbide (SiC) has been shown to reduce the oxidation of transition metal diborides. This research focused on the compressive creep of HfB2 with varying amounts of SiC in air at 1500°C. …