Engineering Commons^™

Phosphate In Australia, Ewan Wingate, John Dunster

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Application Of Classification And Fluidized Bed Flotation At Pcs Aurora, George Piegols, David Deplato, Jaisen Kohmuench, Eric Yan

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Rare Earths And The Recovery Of Administratium From Phosphates, Vaughn Astley

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Phosphate Beneficiation With Novel Collectors For Direct And Reverse Flotation: Beyond Low Cost Fatty Acids, Pablo Dopico

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Recovery Of Rare Earths From Florida Phosphogypsum, Patrick Zhang

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

The Use Of A Advanced Process Controls In A Phosphoric Acid Reactor, Vaughn Astley

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Comminution Mechanism Of High-Pressure Grinding Rolls: Lower Cost, Higher Efficiency And Selectivity, Francisco Sotillo

Beneficiation of Phosphates VII

No abstract provided.

Near-Congruent Solidification Of Castings, Kevin J Chaput

Open Access Dissertations

A study on the microstructure development of as-cast Cu-Mn alloys based around the congruent minimum at 34.6 wt % Mn and 873 °C was performed. Initially, this was to evaluate the alloy as an alternative to wide freezing range Pb and Sn bronzes that are plagued with porosity. The shallow minimum and associated narrow freezing ranges around the congruent point result in a completely cellular (non-dendritic) solidification morphology for a composition range ~3 wt % Mn about the congruent composition (C _c). The degree of cellular solidification was found to depend on the mold material. Increased mold conductivity lead …

Investigations Of Carbon Nanotube Catalyst Morphology And Behavior With Transmission Electron Microscopy, Sammy M. Saber

Open Access Dissertations

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are materials with significant potential applications due to their desirable mechanical and electronic properties, which can both vary based on their structure. Electronic applications for CNTs are still few and not widely available, mainly due to the difficulty in the control of fabrication. Carbon nanotubes are grown in batches, but despite many years of research from their first discovery in 1991, there are still many unanswered questions regarding how to control the structure of CNTs. This work attempts to bridge some of the gap between question and answer by focusing on the catalyst particle used in common …

Delamination Of C/Pekk I-Beam Using Virtual Crack Closure Technique And Cohesive Zone Method, Greeshma Ramakrishna

Open Access Theses

A damage study is conducted on a carbon epoxy/PEKK (poly-ether-ketone-ketone) thermoplastic composite I-Beam, with a pre crack of 100 mm modeled between the top flange and the filler (butt joint between filler and web). This project is in collaboration with Fokker Aerostructures, Netherlands and is part of the Thermoplastic Primary Aircraft Structure innovation program (TAPAS). The C/PEKK I-Beam is modeled after a section of the Gulfstream G650 aircraft's centre beam, which was previously a carbon fiber/epoxy hat-stiffened skin construction. The objective of the thesis is to identify if the crack propagates in the I-Beam within the load range that act …

Thermodynamic Considerations In Molten Salt Electrolysis For Rare Earth Metals, Arwin Gunawan

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Many applications utilize rare earths as a part of their essential composition, such as: Ni-MH batteries, glass screen, magnets, fluorescent lightning, etc. These reactive elements are normally found as an oxide compound due to their affinity with oxygen. Their oxide formation exhibits a high standard free energy, which make them really stable. Consequently, extracting rare earths cannot be easily done with a simple acid-base reaction.

It has been known that there are two reduction ways to extract rare earth, metallothermic reduction and molten salt electrolysis process. Metallothermic method is determined by standard free energy formation, melting point, boiling point, vapor …

Optimization Of Rare Earth Leaching From Ores And Concentrates, Grant Wallace

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The use of applied chemistry in the production and optimization of leach solutions from Rare Earth Element (REE) ores and concentrates was investigated. Ore and concentrate samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy/mineral liberation analysis (SEM/MLA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively-coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Multiple leach tests were performed to analyze the effects of temperature, residence time, and reagent concentration on the leaching of REEs. Analysis of leach solutions was carried out using ICP-AES. Modeling and statistical analysis of extraction behavior was carried out using DesignExpert 9. Modeling data for multiple REEs indicate that extraction is strongly influenced …

Voltammetric Investigation Of Xanthate Chemisorption On A Chalcopyrite Surface, Jesse Lynn Bowden

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Cyclic Voltammetry experiments have been conducted on copper, iron, and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and compared to mass-balanced EH-pH Diagrams. Potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX) was added to solution and additional voltammetry experiments were performed to determine the surface chemistry reactions of flotation collector in solution with these minerals. The ultimate goal of this research was to investigate the possibility of xanthate chemisorption onto the chalcopyrite mineral surface. Results of the copper mineral testing confirm previous literature studies and corroborate published isotherm data. Results of the iron mineral testing showed changes in surface reactions with the addition of potassium ethyl xanthate to solution, …

Thermal Processing And Mechanical Properties Of Beta Phase Titanium Alloys For Biomedical Applications, Ethan Wood

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The past few decades have seen an increase in the use of beta titanium alloys as structural biomaterials. Their combination of excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, along with a lower Young’s modulus than stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and commercially pure titanium make the beta titanium alloys ideal biomaterials. This work evaluates the use of three beta titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Three beta titanium alloys, Ti 15-3-3-3, Ti SP-700 and Ti Beta-C, underwent thermal processing to optimize mechanical properties. The alloys were subjected to tensile testing, hardness testing, fatigue testing, optical microscopy and SEM fracture analysis in order to …

Phonon-Drag Contribution To Seebeck Coefficient Of Ge-On-Insulator Substrate Fabricated By Wafer Bonding Process, Veerappan Manimuthu, Shoma Yoshida, Yuhei Suzuki, Faiz Salleh, Mukannan Arivanandhan, Yoshinari Kamakura, Yasuhiro Hayakawa, Hiroya Ikeda

Makara Journal of Technology

In order to build high-sensitivity infrared photodetectors using SiGe nanowires, we investigate the thermoelectric characteristics of Ge-on-insulator (GOI) layers as a reference for SiGe. We fabricate p-type GOI substrates with an impurity concentration of 1016-1018cm-3 by a wafer-bonding process using Ge and oxidized Si wafers. Annealing treatment is performed in order to further increase the bonding strength of Ge/SiO2 interface. We measure the Seebeck coefficient in the temperature range of 290-350 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the GOI layers is very close to the theoretical value for Ge, calculated on the basis of carrier transport. Hence, there is a small …

The Effects Of An Electric Field On The Sintering Of Ceramics, Kara E. Luitjohan

Open Access Theses

Sintering is a method used to condense a solid powder material into a single solid mass allowing for the production of metal or ceramic parts. Different sintering techniques involve the manipulation of different processing variables. To fully exploit the processing variables, how they affect the sintering process must be fully understood. One such processing variable is an applied electric field, utilized in spark plasma sintering and flash sintering. Both techniques allow for densification to occur at lower temperatures and in shorter times when compared to other sintering techniques. Though various theories exist in literature for how the electric field affects …

Quantifying Moisture Transport In Cementitious Materials Using Neutron Radiography, Catherine L. Lucero

Open Access Theses

A portion of the concrete pavements in the US have recently been observed to have premature joint deterioration. This damage is caused in part by the ingress of fluids, like water, salt water, or deicing salts. The ingress of these fluids can damage concrete when they freeze and expand or can react with the cementitious matrix causing damage. To determine the quality of concrete for assessing potential service life it is often necessary to measure the rate of fluid ingress, or sorptivity. Neutron imaging is a powerful method for quantifying fluid penetration since it can describe where water has penetrated, …

Machining As A Mechanical Property Test Revisited, David L. Smith

Open Access Theses

There is much need for data on mechanical behavior of metals at high strains and strain rates. This need is dictated by modeling of processes like forming and machining, wherein the material in the deformation zone is subjected to severe deformation conditions atypical of conventional material property tests such as tension and torsion. Accurate flow stress data is an essential input for robust prediction of process outputs. Similar requirements arise from applications in high speed ballistic penetration and design of materials for armor. Since the deformation zone in cutting of metals is characterized by unique and extreme combinations of strain, …

Failure Analysis Of High Performance Ballistic Fibers, Jennifer S. Spatola

Open Access Theses

High performance fibers have a high tensile strength and modulus, good wear resistance, and a low density, making them ideal for applications in ballistic impact resistance, such as body armor. However, the observed ballistic performance of these fibers is much lower than the predicted values. Since the predictions assume only tensile stress failure, it is safe to assume that the stress state is affecting fiber performance. The purpose of this research was to determine if there are failure mode changes in the fiber fracture when transversely loaded by indenters of different shapes. An experimental design mimicking transverse impact was used …

Dielectric Coating Of Iron Particles By Electrostatic Colloidal Deposition, Daniel Kim

Open Access Theses

Iron is a soft magnetic material widely used in electric motors, generators, and transformers because they demand high permeability and low core loss. The main goal of this project is to develop a commercially viable coating of iron powders for press-and-sinter processing that would enable higher firing temperatures to anneal out magnetic defects, while maintaining high electrical resistivity (∼10,000 μΩ-cm) and high iron density (>90 %). An alumina-modified colloidal silica (LUDOX CL), was used in early work to make Fe (-)/SiO₂ (+) in a wet-pressed route. The highest relative density and resistivity measurements for a wet-pressing route were …

Mass Transfer Of Large Molecules Through Collagen And Collagen-Silica Hybrid Membranes, Pedro Jofre Lora

Open Access Theses

Diabetes is a growing concern in the United States and around the world that must be addressed through new treatment options. Current standard treatment options of diabetes are limiting and have tremendous impacts on patient's lives. Emerging therapies, such as the implantation of encapsulated islets, are promising treatment options, but have not yet materialized due to unsolved problems with material properties. Hybrid silica-collagen membranes address some of these unsolved problems and are a promising material for cell encapsulation. However, the mass transfer properties of large molecules, such as insulin, TNF-α, IL1β, and other important proteins in the etiology of diabetes, …

Transport Studies In Graphene-Based Materials And Structures, Jiuning Hu

Open Access Dissertations

Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphite, has emerged as one of the most attractive materials in recent years for its many unique and excellent properties, inviting a broad area of fundamental studies and applications. In this thesis, we present some theoretical/experimental studies about the thermal, electronic and thermoelectric transport properties in graphene-based systems. We employ the molecular dynamic simulations to study the thermal transport in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) exhibiting various properties, including chirality dependent thermal conductivity, thermal rectification in asymmetric GNRs, defects and isotopic engineering of the thermal conductivity and negative differential thermal conductance (NDTC) at large temperature biases. …

Experimental Constraints On Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions Using Specialized Materials, Rakshya Khatiwada

Open Access Dissertations

Various theories predict the possible existence of symmetry violating forces with mesoscopic range interactions from mm-m [1]. These forces can arise from the coupling of a spin 0 boson to spin 1/2 fermions through scalar (gs) and pseudoscalar (gp) couplings. We discuss two experiments that can investigate these interactions using nucleon rich, impressively low magnetic susceptibility (5-100 times lower than pure water) test masses and electron-spin rich, polarized test masses (spin density: 10^20 h/cm3 ). The first experiment looks for a P-odd, T-odd interaction potential proportional to (S.r) where S is the spin of one particle and r is the …

Sintering Techniques For Microstructure Control In Ceramics, Andrew T. Rosenberger

Open Access Dissertations

Sintering techniques can be manipulated to enhance densification in difficult to sinter materials and to produce property enhancing microstructures. However, the interplay between materials, sintering techniques, and end properties is not fully understood in many material systems, and some fundamental aspects of sintering such as the nature of the effects of electric fields remains unknown. The processing property relationships were examined in two classes of materials; zirconium diboride ultra high temperature ceramic composites, and all solid lithium-ion battery phosphate materials. ^ Investigation of zirconium diboride ceramics focused on the effects of zirconium carbide as a secondary or tertiary phase in …

Surface Modification Of Traditional And Bioresorbable Metallic Implant Materials For Improved Biocompatibility, Emily Kristine Walker

Open Access Dissertations

Due to their strength, elasticity, and durability, a variety of metal alloys are commonly used in medical implants. Traditionally, corrosion-resistant metals have been preferred. These permanent materials can cause negative systemic and local tissue effects in the long-term. Permanent stenting can lead to late-stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Metallic pins and screws for fracture fixation can corrode and fail, cause loss of bone mass, and contribute to inflammation and pain at the implant site, requiring reintervention. Corrodible metallic implants have the potential to prevent many of these complications by providing transient support to the affected tissue, dissolving at a rate …

Growth Of Low Disorder Gaas/Algaas Heterostructures By Molecular Beam Epitaxy For The Study Of Correlated Electron Phases In Two Dimensions, John D. Watson

Open Access Dissertations

The unparalleled quality of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy has enabled a wide range of experiments probing interaction effects in two-dimensional electron and hole gases. This dissertation presents work aimed at further understanding the key material-related issues currently limiting the quality of these 2D systems, particularly in relation to the fractional quantum Hall effect in the 2^nd Landau level and spin-based implementations of quantum computation.^ The manuscript begins with a theoretical introduction to the quantum Hall effect which outlines the experimental conditions necessary to study the physics of interest and motivates the use of the semiconductor growth …

Encapsulation Of Chemical Catalyst And Structural Epoxy In Microcapsules Generated Via Microcapillary Devices, Congwang Ye

Open Access Dissertations

Protection and controlled release of chemicals through encapsulation have been extensively used in daily applications such as drug delivery, food processing, enzyme stabilization, and chemical storage. A significant need for further development in this area is to reduce the capsule size and to obtain more predictable performance by narrowing the capsule geometry distribution. For the past decade, microfluidics have been rapidly developed to become a popular technique for the generation of monodisperse single/double/multiple emulsion drops in the micrometer to millimeter size range. With this technique, polymeric microcapsules with a narrow size distribution can be fabricated by adding different polymer blends …

Experimental And Modeling Investigation Of Cellulose Nanocrystals Polymer Composite Fibers, Si Chen

Open Access Dissertations

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a class of newly developed and sustainable nanomaterial derived from cellulose-based materials such as wood. There have been substantial research efforts to utilize these materials as reinforcing agents. However, in order to develop CNC nanocomposites with industrial applications, it is necessary to understand how addition of CNCs affect the properties of the polymer nanocomposite. In the present work, several approaches, experimental and theoretical, are presented in an effort to characterize and understand the effect of CNCs on the properties of polymer CNC fibers. ^ Two experimental methods were used to develop cellulose acetate (CA) and CNC …

Tunable Organization Of Cellulose Nanocrystals For Controlled Thermal And Optical Response, Jairo A. Diaz Amaya

Open Access Dissertations

The biorenewable nature of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has opened up new opportunities for cost-effective, sustainable materials design. By taking advantage of their distinctive structural properties and self-assembly, promising applications have started to nurture the fields of flexible electronics, biomaterials, and nanocomposites. CNCs exhibit two fundamental characteristics: rod-like morphology (5-20 nm wide, 50-500 nm long), and lyotropic behavior (i.e., liquid crystalline mesophases formed in solvents), which offer unique opportunities for structural control and fine tuning of thermal and optical properties based on a proper understanding of their individual behavior and interactions at different length scales. In the present work, we attempt …

Unveiling The Mechanical Behavior Of The Rod-Like Microstructure In The Radular Teeth Of Cryptochiton Stelleri, Enrique Escobar De Obaldia

Open Access Dissertations

Natural ceramics provided with high volume fractions of mineralized materials that are surrounded by a weak organic interface combine the stiff mechanical behavior of building blocks, like hydroxyapatite or aragonite, and the compliance of the organic surroundings. Unique mechanical properties (e.g. light density and toughness) distinguish bio-composites from common engineering materials. A key example is the highly mineralized shell of the radular teeth of the Crypochiton stelleri. Nature has provided the radular teeth with a highly oriented rod-like microstructure of nano-scale dimensions embedded in a matrix of chitin sheaths. Compared to other biological materials, the external iron oxide layer of …