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Articles 10201 - 10230 of 16730
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Experimental Evaluation Of Wellbore Cement- Formation Shear Bond Strength In Presence Of Drilling Fluid Contamination, Mileva Radonjic, Arome Oyibo
Experimental Evaluation Of Wellbore Cement- Formation Shear Bond Strength In Presence Of Drilling Fluid Contamination, Mileva Radonjic, Arome Oyibo
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of physical and chemical mud contaminations on cement-formation shear bond strength for sandstone and shale formations. Physical contamination occurs when drilling fluids (mud) dehydrates on the surface of the formation, while chemical contamination on the other hand occurs when the drilling fluid (still in the liquid state) is mixed with cement slurry and reacts chemically with the cement during a cementing job. We investigated the impact of the contamination on the shear bond strength and the changes in the mineralogy of the cement at the cement-formation interface to quantify …
Quantification Of Effect Of Convergence In Porous Media Flow, Srinivas Pasupuleti, Pradeep Kumar, K. Jayachandra
Quantification Of Effect Of Convergence In Porous Media Flow, Srinivas Pasupuleti, Pradeep Kumar, K. Jayachandra
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
An attempt is made in this study to quantify the effect of convergence on macroscopic scale in the case of flow through porous media. Experiments are conducted separately on specially conceived parallel flow permeameter and converging flow permeameter keeping identical inlet and outlet conditions, using eight sizes of coarse granular media and water as the fluid medium. The media is sieved through sieves of different sizes to separate the crushed rock into sizes of 3.25 mm, 4.73 mm, 10.00 mm, 11.64 mm, 13.10 mm, 20.10 mm, 28.90 mm and 39.50 mm and glass spheres of 15.41 mm, 18.03 mm and …
A Model For Magnetic Drug Targeting In A Permeable Microvessel With Spherical Porous Carrier Particles, Precious Sibanda, Sachin Shaw
A Model For Magnetic Drug Targeting In A Permeable Microvessel With Spherical Porous Carrier Particles, Precious Sibanda, Sachin Shaw
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
We present a mathematical model for targeting a drug at malignant tissue cells in a permeable microvessel. The drug molecules are transported in carrier particles which are assumed to be porous spheres. This mode of drug delivery is non-invasive and has less toxic effects on healthy cells and tissues. The microvessel tube (see Figure 1) is subdivided into three regions, the outer endothelial glycocalyx layer where the blood has a Newtonian character, and a core and plug regions where the blood flow is described using a non-Newtonian Casson fluid model which is suitable for microvessels of radius 5mμ. Targeting is …
Multilayer Minichannel Heat Sinks: The Effect Of Porosity Scaling On Pressure Drop, Arun K. Karunanithi,, Fatemeh Hassanipour
Multilayer Minichannel Heat Sinks: The Effect Of Porosity Scaling On Pressure Drop, Arun K. Karunanithi,, Fatemeh Hassanipour
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
Previous studies have shown that stacked multi-layer mini-channels heat sinks with square or circular channels have advantages over traditional single layered channels in terms of both pressure drop and thermal resistance. In this work, porous media is used in the multi-layered stacked mini-channels instead of square or rectangular channels and the effect of the same on pressure drop and thermal perfor- mance is studied. Porosity scaling is done between the lay- ers of porous media and is compared with unscaled stacked multilayer channel. Porosity scaling allows the porosity to vary from one layer to the next layer and could result …
Numerical Simulation Of Pressure Pulse Decay Experiment On Crushed Low Permeability Rocks Considering Klinkenberg Effect And Gas Absorption/Desorption, Bo Zhou, Rui-Na Xu, Pei-Xue Jiang
Numerical Simulation Of Pressure Pulse Decay Experiment On Crushed Low Permeability Rocks Considering Klinkenberg Effect And Gas Absorption/Desorption, Bo Zhou, Rui-Na Xu, Pei-Xue Jiang
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
Pressure pulse decay method is widely used for permeability tests for low permeability rock plug samples. This method can be used for crushed grain samples by removing the downstream chamber in standard pulse decay tests. Processes in pulse decay tests for low permeability crushed shale are investigated using numerical simulation. Both the Klinkenberg slip effect for gas flows in low permeability rock and the gas absorption/desorption in the porous matrix are considered. The complete mathematical model is set up to include the two effects. Deviation of the numerical pulse decay curve from the analytical one with an assumption that the …
Fluid Flows Through Unsaturated Porous Media: An Alternative Simulation Procedure, Maria Laura Martins-Costa, Joao Carlos Castro Dias, Rogerio M. Saldanha Da Gama
Fluid Flows Through Unsaturated Porous Media: An Alternative Simulation Procedure, Maria Laura Martins-Costa, Joao Carlos Castro Dias, Rogerio M. Saldanha Da Gama
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
This article studies fluid flows through an unsaturated porous matrix, modeled under a mixture theory viewpoint, which give rise to nonlinear hyperbolic systems. An alternative procedure is employed to simulate these nonlinear nonhomogeneous hyperbolic systems of two partial differential equations representing mass and momentum conservation for the fluid (liquid) constituent of mixture. An operator splitting technique is employed so that the nonhomogeneous system is split into a time-dependent ordinary portion and a homogeneous one. This latter is simulated by employing Glimm’s scheme and an approximate Riemann solver is used for marching between two consecutive time steps. This Riemann solver conveniently …
Numerical Study Of Forced Air Cooling Of A Heated Porous Foam Pyramid Array, Kevin Anderson, Maryann Shafahi, Alfredo Gutierrez, Watit Pakdee
Numerical Study Of Forced Air Cooling Of A Heated Porous Foam Pyramid Array, Kevin Anderson, Maryann Shafahi, Alfredo Gutierrez, Watit Pakdee
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
The current study employs CFD to study the forced air cooling of a pyramid shaped porous foam absorber. Herein, a three by three (3×3) array of porous foam absorbers heated with an external heat flux is modeled using the differential equations governing heat and fluid flow through porous media based on the Brinkman-Darcy flow equations and an effective thermal conductivity to account for the porous medium. The numerical simulations are carried out using the COMSOL commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Finite Element based software package. The primary finding of our study is that the more porous the foam absorber media …
Numerical Simulation Of 3-D Free Convection In Porous Media Due To Combined Surface Forced Convection And Internal Heat Generation, Kevin Anderson, Maryann Shafahi, Shawn Mcgann, Watit Pakdee
Numerical Simulation Of 3-D Free Convection In Porous Media Due To Combined Surface Forced Convection And Internal Heat Generation, Kevin Anderson, Maryann Shafahi, Shawn Mcgann, Watit Pakdee
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
A three-dimensional fluid-saturated porous medium model for natural convective flow has been developed, taking into account inertial and viscous forces within the fluid. The model consists of a cube with a top surface partially exposed to a steady, uniform convective heat flux and the entire domain to uniform internal heat generation. The differential equations for the Brinkman-extended Darcy model were formulated and non-dimensionalized, with numerical solutions obtained using the Galerkin finite element method. The results have been validated by comparison with previously published reports. It has been observed that the applied boundary conditions result in a central toroidal vortex driven …
Application Of Nanoparticles-Assembled Bi-Porous Structures To Power Electronics Cooling, Kazuhisa Yuki, Tessai Sugiura, Koichi Suzuki
Application Of Nanoparticles-Assembled Bi-Porous Structures To Power Electronics Cooling, Kazuhisa Yuki, Tessai Sugiura, Koichi Suzuki
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
Nanoparticles-assembled bi-porous structure is newly proposed and its potential to enhance the boiling heat transfer is evaluated in order to develop a new cooling device toward 300W/cm2 of on-vehicle inverter cooling. In order to assemble nanoparticles on to a heat transfer surface as a thin layer, a boiling adhesion method (BAM) is originally introduced in which, water or water/ethanol solution with mono-dispersed nanoparticles is dropped or sprayed onto a high temperature surface, and then the nanoparticles deposit onto the heat transfer surface during the boiling. In addition to that, it is expected that boiling bubbles can produce micro or milli …
Three Dimensional Flow In A Sphere-Packed Pipe By Digital Holographic Ptv And Numerical Simultation, Shin-Ichi Satake, Yusuke Aoyagi, Takuma Tsuda, Noriyuki Unno, Kazuhisa Yuki
Three Dimensional Flow In A Sphere-Packed Pipe By Digital Holographic Ptv And Numerical Simultation, Shin-Ichi Satake, Yusuke Aoyagi, Takuma Tsuda, Noriyuki Unno, Kazuhisa Yuki
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
In present study, high time-resolution flow field measurement in a sphere-packed pipe (SPP) is performed by the digital-holographic particle-tracking velocimetry. The visualization technique is carried out by a refractive index-matching method using a sodium iodide (NaI) solution employed as a working fluid. Hologram fringe images of particles behind the spheres can be observed, and the particles’ positions can be reconstructed by a digital hologram. Consequently, 3-D velocity-fields around the spheres are obtained by the reconstructed particles’ positions. In addition, numerical simulation of a sphere-packed pipe flow with Immersed Boundary technique is carried out to compare with the experimental value. In …
An Approximate Solution Of Fokker-Planck Equation For One Dimensional Groundwater Recharge Through Porous Media, Kajal Patel, Manoj Mehta, Twinkle Singh
An Approximate Solution Of Fokker-Planck Equation For One Dimensional Groundwater Recharge Through Porous Media, Kajal Patel, Manoj Mehta, Twinkle Singh
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
The nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation arising for one-dimensional groundwater recharge through porous media, is in the form of partial differential equation which has been solved by using Homotopy Analysis method with the help of first approximate solution ()0,ZTθfor given auxiliary parameter 0q=. The solution is physically interpreted and concluded that during one-dimensional recharge through unsaturated porous media, the moisture content of the soil is parabolically increasing as depth Z increases for given0T>. The graph of the solution is given by using Maple coding.
The Velocity Distribution In A Random Porous Medium, Maciej Matyka, Zbigniew Koza, Jaroslaw Golembiewski
The Velocity Distribution In A Random Porous Medium, Maciej Matyka, Zbigniew Koza, Jaroslaw Golembiewski
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
We investigate the velocity distribution function of the fluid flow through a model of random porous media. We examine how the form of the distribution changes with porosity. We find a crossover porosity at which the scaling character of the distribution changes and discuss our findings in the context of a nearly exponential velocity distribution function measured recently experimentally [Datta, S.S. et al. (2013) Phys. Rev. Lett. 111: 064501].
Experimental Study Of Water Retention Properties Of A High Performance Concrete With Small Sliced Samples, Qier Wu, Thomas Rougelot, Nicolas Burlion, Xavier Bourbon
Experimental Study Of Water Retention Properties Of A High Performance Concrete With Small Sliced Samples, Qier Wu, Thomas Rougelot, Nicolas Burlion, Xavier Bourbon
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
No abstract provided.
Experimental Study Of Water Retention Properties Of A High Performance Concrete With Small Sliced Samples, Qier Wu, Thomas Rougelot, Nicolas Burlion, Xavier Bourbon
Experimental Study Of Water Retention Properties Of A High Performance Concrete With Small Sliced Samples, Qier Wu, Thomas Rougelot, Nicolas Burlion, Xavier Bourbon
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
The aim of present study is to develop a practicable accelerated experimental method to obtain desorption isotherm of concrete more quickly and more reliably. A large number of sliced samples with thickness of 1, 2 and 3 mm have been de-saturated from fully water-saturated state to dry state. Time needed to obtain a mass stabilization varies from 14 to 30 days for concrete CEM I at a given relative humidity. Time saving is remarkable especially at lower relative humidity. Thinner samples lose their masses more quickly in the first week, but the thickness has hardly any influence on the total …
Hydra: Macroscopic Modeling Of Hybrid Ablative Thermal Protection System, G. Pinaud, J.M. Bouilly, J. Barcena, S. Florez, B. Perez, W. Fisher, V. Leroy, D. Bernard, T. Massuti, G. Herdrich, C. Zuber, W. Rotaermel
Hydra: Macroscopic Modeling Of Hybrid Ablative Thermal Protection System, G. Pinaud, J.M. Bouilly, J. Barcena, S. Florez, B. Perez, W. Fisher, V. Leroy, D. Bernard, T. Massuti, G. Herdrich, C. Zuber, W. Rotaermel
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
In the framework of HYDRA, an European funded program, technological solutions of hybrid Thermal Protection System (TPS) are developed. This advanced shielding relies on the hybridization of upper lightweight porous ablative material and inner Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) bonded together with a novel high temperature adhesive. The aerial mass optimization of the full TPS requires a controlled reduction in the ablative material thickness to reach high operating temperature configuration of the CMC. Therefore, radiative heat transfer takes place in a thin layer of ablator and becomes a major contributor to the elevation of the interface temperature. In this paper we …
Engineered Multi-Layered Thermal Barrier Coatings For Enhanced Durability, Sanjay Sampath, Vaishak Viswanathan, Gopal Dwivedi
Engineered Multi-Layered Thermal Barrier Coatings For Enhanced Durability, Sanjay Sampath, Vaishak Viswanathan, Gopal Dwivedi
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
No abstract provided.
High Temperature Oxidation And Burner Rig Testing Of Different Tbcs In The Frame Of The European Project Toppcoat: A Summary Of Results, Federico Cernuschi, Robert Vassen
High Temperature Oxidation And Burner Rig Testing Of Different Tbcs In The Frame Of The European Project Toppcoat: A Summary Of Results, Federico Cernuschi, Robert Vassen
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
The major S&T objective of the project is the development of improved TBC systems using advanced bonding concepts in combination with additional protective functional coatings. The first specific objective will be to use these developments to provide a significant improvement to state-of-the-art APS coatings and hence provide a cost-effective alternative to EB-PVD. The second objective will be to combine these new concepts with new coating technologies to provide new, advance materials for thermal barrier systems with a capability exceeding the performance of EB-PVD coatings.
Zirconia-Doped Yttrium Tantalates As A Potential Next Generation Thermal Barrier Coating Material, David R. Clarke
Zirconia-Doped Yttrium Tantalates As A Potential Next Generation Thermal Barrier Coating Material, David R. Clarke
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
No abstract provided.
Stress And Crack Monitoring During Plasma Spraying Of Tbc, Seiji Kuroda, Xiancheng Zhang, Makoto Watanabe, Kaita Ito, Manabu Enoki
Stress And Crack Monitoring During Plasma Spraying Of Tbc, Seiji Kuroda, Xiancheng Zhang, Makoto Watanabe, Kaita Ito, Manabu Enoki
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
Two types of process monitoring techniques are compared and discussed in this presentation. The first one is in-situ curvature monitoring, by which it was possible to evaluate the stress evolution during plasma spraying and separately identify the sources of stresses, i.e., the quenching stress and thermal stress as shown in Fig.1 (a). By changing the spraying parameters, it was possible to prepare specimens at largely different deposition temperatures, which resulted in significantly different levels of residual stresses. Also, it was found that the mechanical properties of the obtained YSZ coatings such as the elastic modulus are strongly dependent on the …
Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings, Per Nylen, Nicholas Curry, Ashish Ganvir, Nicolaie Markocsan
Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings, Per Nylen, Nicholas Curry, Ashish Ganvir, Nicolaie Markocsan
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
No abstract provided.
New Class Of Refractory Ceramics For Thermal Barrier Coatings, Wei Pan
New Class Of Refractory Ceramics For Thermal Barrier Coatings, Wei Pan
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
No abstract provided.
Mixed Convection In Horizontal Channels Heated Below With External Heat Losses On Upper Plate And Partially Filled With Aluminum Foam, Bernardo Buonomo, Oronzio Manca, Lorenzo Marinelli, Sergio Nardini
Mixed Convection In Horizontal Channels Heated Below With External Heat Losses On Upper Plate And Partially Filled With Aluminum Foam, Bernardo Buonomo, Oronzio Manca, Lorenzo Marinelli, Sergio Nardini
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
In this paper an experimental investigation on mixed convection in air in a heated channel partially filled with an aluminum foam is carried out. The aluminum foam layer is sets on the lower heated wall of the channel. The channel upper plate has a heat transfer toward the external ambient. The investigation allows to evaluate the effect of the aluminum foam on the mixed convection in the heated channel by wall temperature measurements and flow visualization. Results are given for heated channel without and with foam in terms of wall temperature profiles for different Reynolds number value, form 10 to …
Comparative Analysis Of Geometric Models For Predicting The Dynamic Specific Surface Of Foamlike Media, Sonia Woudberg, Francois Smit
Comparative Analysis Of Geometric Models For Predicting The Dynamic Specific Surface Of Foamlike Media, Sonia Woudberg, Francois Smit
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
An adaptable geometric pore-scale model is proposed for predicting the specific surface area of actual foams. The proposed model, based on rectangular geometry, is compared to a cubic unit cell model from the literature based on cylindrical struts, a tetrakaidecahedron model as well as a dodecahedron model (both based on either cylindrical of triangular struts). The predicted specific surface areas of the proposed model are of the same order of magnitude as the other model predictions from the literature. The relative percentage errors in the predicted values are at most equal to the relative percentage errors associated with the measured …
Columnar Structured Thermal Barrier Coatings By Thermal Spray Methods, Robert Vassen, Nadine Schlegel, Stefan Rezanka, Georg Mauer, Emine Bakan, Daniel Mack
Columnar Structured Thermal Barrier Coatings By Thermal Spray Methods, Robert Vassen, Nadine Schlegel, Stefan Rezanka, Georg Mauer, Emine Bakan, Daniel Mack
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
No abstract provided.
Multilayered Thermal Barrier Coatings, Xueqiang Cao
Multilayered Thermal Barrier Coatings, Xueqiang Cao
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV
A novel non-destructive inspection technique was developed to measure the residual stresses in TBCs by using Eu3+ photoluminescence piezo-spectroscopy. The relationship between the strongest peak of 5D0→7F2 and stress was determined by the high-pressure experiments and used to evaluate the residual stresses. When the top ceramic coat LZ7C3 in the double-layered coating LZ7C3/YSZ:Eu spalled, the inner YSZ:Eu could produce visible luminescence under UV illumination, providing an indication of the spallation location. The LZ7C3/YSZ:Eu coating spalled bit by bit from LZ7C3 to YSZ:Eu during thermal cycling. The similar thermal expansions of LZ7C3 and YSZ:Eu prolonged the thermal cycling life of the …
Characterizing The Pore Structure Of Carbonated Natural Wollastonite, Chiara Villani, Robert Spragg, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek, W. Jason Weiss
Characterizing The Pore Structure Of Carbonated Natural Wollastonite, Chiara Villani, Robert Spragg, Raikhan Tokpatayeva, Jan Olek, W. Jason Weiss
International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures
This paper focuses on examining the pore structure of a cementitious paste made with a calcium silicate (wollastonite) that reacts with carbon dioxide and water to form a hardened solid. The pore structure of the hardened solid has been characterized using vapor sorption and desorption, low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (LT-DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The total porosity was also measured using mass measurement in oven-dry and vacuum-saturated conditions. Evidence exists that support the hypothesis that the solid has two main pore sizes: large macropores (>10 nm) appear to form between the initial calcium silicate particles and small micropores …
Synthesis, Characterization And Mechanistic Studies Of Biomolecules@Mesomofs, Yao Chen
Synthesis, Characterization And Mechanistic Studies Of Biomolecules@Mesomofs, Yao Chen
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Encapsulation of biomolecules is of great interest to research advances related to biology, physiology, immunology, and biochemistry, as well as industrial and biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biocatalysis, biofuel, food and cosmetics. Encapsulation provides functional characteristics that are not fulfilled by free biomolecules and stabilizes the fragile biomolecules. In terms of biocatalysis, solid support can often enhance the stability of enzymes, as well as facilitate separation and recovery for reuse while maintaining activity and selectivity. Various kinds of materials have been used for encapsulation of biomolecules, among which, porous materials are an important group. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted …
Thermal Properties Of Highly Porous Fibrous Ceramics, Jingjing Sun, Zijun Hu, Jiejie Zhuo, Xiaoyan Wang, Chencheng Sun
Thermal Properties Of Highly Porous Fibrous Ceramics, Jingjing Sun, Zijun Hu, Jiejie Zhuo, Xiaoyan Wang, Chencheng Sun
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
Highly porous fibrous ceramics were fabricated by vacuum-molding the fiber slurry and sintering the dried felt. The materials comprised of a random network of ceramic fibers and air, with the pore sizes on micron scale. The effects of binder content and porosity on the microstructure and room-temperature thermal conductivity of fibrous ceramics were investigated. It was found that the room-temperature thermal conductivity increased with increasing binder content. In addition, the thermal conductivity decreased from 0.18 to 0.06 W/(m·K) when porosity increased from 73% to 90%, showing nearly a linear relationship. The high-temperature thermal conductivity in the range of 200-1200℃ for …
Fabrication And Microstructural Characterization Of Silica Aerogel By Aging Additional Pressurization, Xiaoyan Wang, Zijun Hu, Chencheg Sun, Jiejie Zhou, Zhao Song
Fabrication And Microstructural Characterization Of Silica Aerogel By Aging Additional Pressurization, Xiaoyan Wang, Zijun Hu, Chencheg Sun, Jiejie Zhou, Zhao Song
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
SiO2 aerogel with Light-weight and low thermal conductivity is a promising candidate for thermal insulator used for aerospace vehicles. In this paper, we report the preparation and microstructural characterization of SiO2 aerogel by aging pressurization using supercritical drying method. The results showed that the aging pressurization can rapid increase the bulk density from 0.1g/cm3 to 0.45g/cm3 with the pressure changing from 200Pa to 600Pa. When the pressure increases to 800Pa, the density was increased to 0.46g/cm3 slowly. Further polycondensation is driven by the increasing of contact area between skeleton particles when the aging pressure increased. The grid structure became densification …
Sensitivity Analysis Of Effective Thermal Conductivity Of Open-Cell Ceramic Foams Using A Simplified Model Based On Detailed Structure, Miguel Mendes, Amjad Asad, Pitt Gotze, Eric Werzner, Rhena Wulf, Dimosthenis Trimis, Ulrich Grob, Subhasis Ray
Sensitivity Analysis Of Effective Thermal Conductivity Of Open-Cell Ceramic Foams Using A Simplified Model Based On Detailed Structure, Miguel Mendes, Amjad Asad, Pitt Gotze, Eric Werzner, Rhena Wulf, Dimosthenis Trimis, Ulrich Grob, Subhasis Ray
5th International Conference on Porous Media and Their Applications in Science, Engineering and Industry
The Effective Thermal Conductivity (ETC) of open-cell porous foams can be predicted from the detailed numerical simulation, considering the complex foam structure obtained from three-dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT)-scan images. An alternative approach could be to consider simplified models for a quick and accurate estimation of the ETC. A model for ETC of open-cell porous foams, using such a simplified approach, has been proposed recently which relies upon a single numerical prediction of the dimensionless ETC under vacuum condition, evaluated using the detailed foam structure obtained from 3D CT-scan information. This model is applied in the present study in order …