Engineering Commons^™

Session 3a: Karst And Groundwater, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Examining the Utility of Tryptophan-Like Fluorescence As a Proxy for Fecal Contamination in Karst Basins, Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky
• A Predictive Flood Model for Urban Karst Environments
• Improving Best Management Practices for the Siting, Maintenance, and Design of Urban Karst Groundwater Injection Wells

Session 3b: Sediments, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Sediment Degradation Experiments for a Low Gradient Stream Suggest the Watershed’s Connectivity Regime Exhibits Control on Stream Biogeochemistry
• Does Sediment Organic Matter Content Mediate the Effects of Chironomid Larvae on Benthic Nitrous Oxide Flux
• Drivers of Variability in Annual Sediment Accretion Rates Within Wetland Easements of Western Kentucky

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Evaluating the Effects of Beaver Dam Removal on the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Bioindicators of a Restored Wetland
• Predictive Sediment Flux Modeling of a Karst Spring Using High Resolution Sensors and Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes
• Development and Validation of qPCR Assays for Use in eDNA Detection of Four Species of Semiaquatic Salamanders .
• Analyzing Recent Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Erosivity Patterns and Trends Across Kentucky
• Development of eDNA Protocols for Detection of Four Darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) Species in Central Kentucky Streams
• Assessing Change in the Seasonality of Stable Isotopes δ18O and δ2H for Meteoric and Terrestrial Waters of Central Kentucky
• Coupling …

Session 2: Water And The Community, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Development of Human Health Criteria for Surface Waters of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
• Kentucky Workforce Survey Results
• Modeling, Managing, and Mitigating Stormwater Flooding using a Real-time Monitoring Network and Environmental Equity Approach

Session 1a: Watershed Management, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Motivations and Barriers to the Implementation of Riparian Buffer Zones on Central Kentucky Horse Farms
• Engaging Urban Watershed Stewards in Stormwater Management
• Efficacy Examination of Urban Reforestation Efforts on Streams in Lexington, KY: Macroinvertebrates and Water Quality Assessments
• Over a Decade of Monitoring Water Quality at McConnell Springs – What Have We Learned?
• Glenns Creek Watershed Characterization Efforts

Session 1b: Contaminant Exposure And Treatment, Kentucky Water Research Institute

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxin Synthetase Genes, and Cyanotoxin Occurrence Among Selected Large River Sites in the Lower Ohio River Basin, 2020–21
• Emerging Contaminant Exposure Following WWTP Processes to Surface Waters
• Reactive Membrane Synthesis for Capture and Degradation of Toxic Water Contaminants
• Implications to Tap and Stream Water Chemistry Due to Variations in Sampling Location and Watershed Land Use
• Examining Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterial Phosphorene, Free-Standing and Embedded onto Membranes, and Its Application for Removal of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Proceedings Of 2022 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This symposium was planned and conducted as a part of the state water resources research institute annual program that is supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G21AP10631-00 from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The contents of this proceedings document and the views and conclusions presented at the symposium are solely the responsibility of the individual authors and presenters and do not represent the official views of the USGS or of the symposium organizers and sponsors. This publication is produced with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes. Mention of trade …

A Brief Review Of The Impact Of Silver Nanoparticles On Agriculture And Certain Biological Properties: A Case Study, Sushmashree Krishnappa, Shankramma Kalikeri, Raj Kumar H. Garampalli, Lingaraju H G, Charan Kumar Kachintaya

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Nanotechnology is progressively becoming a popular field of research because it has been successful in changing our agricultural and food systems. According to research published by the UNFAO, agriculture as well as its derivatives would be in high demand sooner or later, owing to nutritional changes. Nanoparticles have been reported to be used in an agricultural sector, because of its capacity to encourage crop growth and yield. Among metal nanoparticles, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting a lot of attention. We have highlighted some of the agricultural uses of AgNPs, which include pest management, plant disease detection, crop enhancement, and crop …

Mesures À Haute Sensibilité Du Passage De Contaminants Nanométriques À Travers Les Gants De Protection Par Imagerie Médicale, Mahmoud Mohamed Omar, Amélie Augé, Myriam Laprise-Pelletier, Ludovic Tuduri, Marc-André Fortin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les gants de polymère sont utilisés comme équipements de protection individuels dans de nombreux secteurs d’activité professionnelle où les risques chimiques sont présents. Leur efficacité à bloquer le passage de certains contaminants doit être mesurée par des méthodes d’essais précises et standardisées. Les mesures de résistance chimique sont généralement effectuées en utilisant une cellule de perméation, un petit appareil contenant deux réservoirs séparés par la membrane dont on veut mesurer le potentiel-barrière : l’un contient le contaminant, l’autre contient un milieu collectant le contaminant après que celui-ci ait passé à travers la membrane. Au fur et à mesure de l’expérience, …

Bio-Based Food Packaging Material For Intelligent Food Packaging Applications For Chicken Fillets, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarma Jaiswal, Shubham Sharma

Articles

Bionanocomposite packaging is made up of bio- based materials that have high performance activity and are ecologically sustainable alternatives to packaging made of synthetic polymers. Intelligent packaging retains track of the state of the food and the environment in which it is stored, and communicates relevant changes to the consumer through visualization or other methods. The aim of this study was to develop a bionanocomposite intelligent packaging material by utilising sodium alginate, gelatin, nanoclay and curcumin. Sodium alginate, gelatin film incorporated with Curcumin (Cur), and Nanoclay (NC) in various concentrations (0% W/V, 0.5% W/V, 1% W/V and 1. 5% W/V) …

Sensorimotor Content Of Multi-Unit Activity In The Paramedian Lobule Of The Cerebellum, Esma Cetinkaya

Dissertations

Based on Center for Disease Control and Prevention report 2016, around 39.5 million people in the United States suffer from motor disabilities. These disabilities are due to traumatic conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI), neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or congenital conditions. One of the approaches for restoring the lost motor function is to extract the volitional information from the central nervous system (CNS) and control a mechanical device that can replace the function of a paralyzed limb through systems called Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI).

One of the major challenges being faced in BCIs and also in general …

Development And Evaluation Of A Hand Exoskeleton For Neurorehabilitation Post Stroke, Ashley Joyce Mont

Dissertations

Stroke affects approximately 800,000 people in the United States each year, and due to its chronic effects, it is one of the leading causes of disability. Many individuals with stroke suffer the loss of motor function in their paretic upper extremity, and longitudinal studies show that 30 — 66% of individuals with hemiplegia fail to regain arm function six months post stroke. After a stroke, the brain undergoes neuroplasticity which will promote recovery of function. Investigators and clinicians are trying to develop rehabilitation interventions that can be designed to promote neuroplasticity, enhancing the recovery outcomes of therapy.

For individuals with …

Decoding Human Movement Through Experiments And Simulation, Vishnu Deep Chandran

Dissertations

The ability to walk or move independently plays a decisive role in one's quality of life. This human ability requires complex coordination with several systems, such as the nervous, muscular, skeletal, and sensory organs, to execute movement tasks. Hence, any disorder of these systems from injury, disease, or aging severely affects the ability to walk or move independently. Disabilities that impair movement severely affect the quality of life. Therefore, studying the changes affecting human movement is necessary to improve the lives of individuals with impaired movement. Since human movement is complex and many systems interact in non-intuitive ways, the overarching …

Design Of Novel Metalloenzymes And Investigation Of Protein-Metal Interactions, Alona Kulesha

Dissertations - ALL

Metalloproteins are the proteins that utilize metals or metal complexes as cofactors and exhibit a wide range of functions from oxygen transport and regulation of transcription to hydroxylation of alkanes and water splitting, even though they employ a limited set of metals and metal-binding ligands. The investigation of metalloprotein amino acid sequence, structure and function relationships can uncover the principles behind natural metalloprotein design and opens the possibility of their implication as scaffolds for the design of novel catalysts and biomaterials. Protein engineering is a set of techniques that allows to install new functionalities into existing proteins or to design …

Analysis And Visualization Of Molecular Docking 2hi4 Protein, Innas Widiasti

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

The crystal structure of the human microsomal complex P450 1A2 with alpha-naphthoflavone, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme is particularly important, as it is abundant in the human liver and alters a more diverse xenobiotic array than any other group of metabolic enzymes. CYP1A2 is abundantly found in the liver and involved in the metabolism of about 10% of clinically used drugs metabolized by CYP enzymes. The current drug discovery and development mostly uses high-throughput screening (HTS). However, this regular method is time-consuming and costly. To address the issue, an advanced drug discovery and development method namely chemical compound database screening …

Girls In Stem! Elementary Afterschool Six-Week Curriculum, Jess Li, Samavi Rafique

Honors Program: Expanded Learning Clubs

No abstract provided.

Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence For Alcohol-Induced Adaptations, Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. …

Purification Of Artepillin C (Arc) With Anticancer Activities From Supercritical Co2-Ethanol Extracts Of Brazilian Green Propolis By Using Adsorption Column Chromatography, Lin-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Chin Chen, Wen Pei, Ming-Hsi Chuang, Todd Hsu, Po-Chao Chuang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Phenolic compounds with varying phenolic structures are present in both terrestrial and marine organisms. Artepillin C (ARC) is a prenylated phenolic compound produced specifically in Brazilian green propolis. Earlier studies have demonstrated the potential of ARC as a dietary supplement for cancer prevention due to its ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Here we report the development of an effective adsorption chromatography combined with supercritical CO2 extraction for the massive purification of ARC. A mixture of supercritical CO2 and ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis was passed through a stainless chromatographic column packed with protruding metals at 4,000 psi …

A Stochastic Sailing Speed Optimization And Vessel Deployment Problem In Liner Shipping, Dung-Ying Lin, Pak Weng Leong

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this research, we consider the stochastic sailing speed optimization and vessel deployment problem and examine the trade-off between sailing speed and the number of vessels required to provide a certain service in international liner shipping. Solving this kind of stochastic program is a challenging task. To address this issue, we construct a mathematical formulation based on Ng (1) and Ng (2) and enhance the linearization techniques from Wang and Meng (3) so that problem instances of an even larger scale can be solved. The proposed formulation has been numerically applied to solve realistic cases, and the empirical results show …

Vehicle Assignment For Chemicals Transportation, Yu-Liang Liu, Juan Huang, Ching-Wu Chu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Vehicle assignment is a significant challenge faced by chemical logistics companies. The chemical industry typically outsources the delivery of chemicals to professional logistics companies to meet customers' complex and demanding needs. In this regard, this research explores the case study of a logistics company that selects its delivery modes and formulates its vehicle assignment plans based on its personnel’s experience rather than any formal system and plans its vehicle routes on the day before the delivery. This study seeks to improve the efficiency and immediacy of logistics companies’ vehicle assignments, understand vehicle route planning, maximize space utilization, and minimize transportation …

A Hybrid Finite Difference Method For Singularly Perturbed Delay Partial Differential Equations With Discontinuous Coefficient And Source, Nitika Sharma, Aditya Kaushik

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The article presents a hybrid finite difference scheme to solve a singularly perturbed parabolic functional differential equation with discontinuous coefficient and source. The simultaneous presence of deviating argument with a discontinuous source and coefficient makes the problem stiff. The solution of the problem exhibits turning point behaviour across discontinuity as tends to zero. The hybrid scheme presented is a composition of a central difference scheme and a midpoint upwind scheme on a specially generated mesh. At the same time, an implicit finite difference method is used to discretize the time variable. Consistency, stability, and convergence of the presented numerical approach …

Simulating And Predicting Offshore Oil Spills By Using Cellular Automata, Lin Liu, Wanwu Li, Yumeng Cui, Guanghui Hu, Hang Li

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In recent years, offshore oil spill accidents have caused substantial damage to both marine organisms and marine ecology. Accurate simulation and prediction of oil spills could provide a scientific basis for assessing losses due to oil spills and provide support for emergency decisions regarding oil spills. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing oil spill models and constructed an offshore oil spill model based on cellular automata (CA). By considering both the flow field and wind field, we formulated new CA rules for the diffusion and drift of a pollution zone, and in our model, the cellular state in …

Design And Testing Of A Bearing Less Piezo Jet Micro Heat Sink, Rong-Tsu Wang, Jung-Chang Wang, Sih-Li Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The present study utilized piezoelectric ceramics (PC) as actuators to design five new piezoelectric heatsinks and preliminarily investigated the different design types and their operating conditions, such as the frequency, placement distance, thickness between piezoelectric sheets, piezoelectric sheet size, and noise produced. The results showed that when the micro heatsink bearingless piezo jet was placed too close to the heat source, the high temperature sucked back the surrounding fluids, causing the fluid chamber temperature to rise and the cooling effect to be reduced. Therefore, the heatsink should be placed between 10 and 20 mm from the heat source. With the …

Machine Learning And Scalable Informatics Methods To Predict Disease Status From Multimodal Biomedical Data, Hossein Mohammadian Foroushani

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Biological understanding of complex diseases such as stroke and obesity is critical for the advancement of medicine. Further knowledge discovery can provide effective biomarkers to improve disease diagnosis and prognosis, identify driver mutations, predict individual genetic susceptibility for early prevention and effective disease management, and facilitate development of personalized drugs. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and long-term disability in the world. Thus, stroke management is a time-sensitive emergency. The initial hours after stroke onset map the trajectory of subsequent neurologic complications. Cerebral edema develops hours to days after acute ischemic stroke and may result in midline shift …

Role Of Ligand Architecture On Collective Cell Invasion, Amrit Bagchi

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Epithelial cell collectives utilize extra-cellular matrix (ECM) fibers to undergo collective migration critical in regeneration, repair and cancer metastasis. However, very little is known about the various factors which determine the ability of cellular collectives to utilize ECM fibers to undergo these critical processes in-vivo. First part of the dissertation focusses on understanding how cell collectives exploit specific properties, like stiffness and fiber length to undergo collective streaming. It is also unclear how cellular forces, cell-cell adhesion, and velocities are coordinated within streams. To independently tune stiffness and collagen fiber length, we developed new hydrogels and discovered invasion-like streaming of …

Intrinsic Cardiac Effects Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 In Coronavirus Disease 2019, Brittany Danielle Brumback

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular arrhythmias, can be life-threatening and caused by both congenital genetic mutations and acquired cardiac injury. My thesis work was originally focused on delineating the effects of genetic mutation-driven dysregulation of a protein called Hey2 in Brugada Syndrome, a complex disease characterized by a predisposition to dangerous arrhythmias originating in the right ventricular outflow tract. In response to the pandemic, my thesis work shifted toward understanding the mechanisms of cardiovascular injury in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with serious cardiovascular complications, including ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death as well as endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathies. …

Noninvasive Neuromodulation Via Ultrasonic Activation Of Endogenous And Exogenous Ion Channels, Yaoheng Yang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Neuromodulation technology is key to understanding brain function and treating brain diseases. Conventional neuromodulation technologies, such as direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and optogenetics, predominately rely on electromagnetic waves. However, the fundamental physical law  the tradeoff-relationship between penetration and spatial resolution, limits their transcranial penetration within the superficial cortex layer. To overcome this challenge, electrodes or optical fibers need to be surgically implanted into the brain to modulate specific brain regions. Different from electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, as a mechanical wave, can non-invasively penetrate through the intact skull to reach deep brain regions with millimeter spatial focus. Ultrasound has …

Ligand- And Strain-Specific Control Of Microbial Communities, Austin Grant Rottinghaus

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Microbes naturally coexist in complex, multi-strain communities that are valuable assets for their host. Commensal and probiotic microbes prevent pathogen colonization, reduce the frequency and severity of various ailments, provide essential nutrients, and offer various additional benefits. Understanding the dynamics of and tailoring microbial communities to provide additional beneficial functions is a primary focus of researchers in medicine and agriculture. To date, consortia have primarily been manipulated by supplementing the communities with microbes that were engineered in vitro or by introducing stimuli that alter the metabolism or composition of the community. This method has proven successful, with numerous microbes engineered …

Modeling, Analysis, And Simulation To Reveal The Mechanisms Of Ciliary Beating, Louis Woodhams

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cilia are microscopic cellular appendages that help us breathe by clearing our airways, maintain the health of our central nervous system by circulating cerebrospinal fluid, and allow us to reproduce by transporting eggs and propelling sperm cells. Cilia even determine the asymmetry of our internal organs during embryonic development. However, the mechanisms underlying ciliary beating are not fully understood. Questions remain as to how arrays of the motor protein dynein generate the propulsive waveforms observed in cilia and how structural elements within the cilium and its connection to the cell deform during beating. In the current work, mathematical modeling, analysis, …

Development Of The Assessment Of Clinical Prediction Model Transportability (Apt) Checklist, Sean Chonghwan Yu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Clinical Prediction Models (CPM) have long been used for Clinical Decision Support (CDS) initially based on simple clinical scoring systems, and increasingly based on complex machine learning models relying on large-scale Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. External implementation – or the application of CPMs on sites where it was not originally developed – is valuable as it reduces the need for redundant de novo CPM development, enables CPM usage by low resource organizations, facilitates external validation studies, and encourages collaborative development of CPMs. Further, adoption of externally developed CPMs has been facilitated by ongoing interoperability efforts in standards, policy, and …