Engineering Commons^™

Hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma) Of Two Anurans (Hylidae; Ranidae), From Polk County, Arkansas, C.T. Mcallister, H.W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arkansas supports 26 species/subspecies of anurans and only one (4%), the green frog, Rana clamitans, has been previously reported with hemoparasites. Here, we collected blood samples from three species of anurans, five American green treefrogs, Dryophytes cinereus, five American bullfrogs, Rana catesbeianus, two southern leopard frogs, Rana sphenocephalus utricularius, and two Fowler’s toads, Anaxyrus fowleri from Polk County and examined each for hemoparasites. American green treefrogs and American bullfrogs harbored hemoparasites, including two (40%) D. cinereus and four (80%) R. catesbeianus with trypanosomes, and one (20%) R. catesbeiana with a Hepatozoon sp. This is the first time these two anurans …

Novel Reproductive Data On Blue Sucker, Cycleptus Elongatus (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae), From Northeastern Arkansas, C.T. Mcallister, D.G. Cloutman, E.M. Leis, H.W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Nothing has been published in the scientific literature concerning the reproductive biology of the Blue Sucker, Cycleptus elongatus in Arkansas. We examined seven female C. elongatus collected in late February 2021 and 2022 and again in early March 2023 from the Black River, Lawrence County. Egg mass (g) averaged 15.8% of the total weight of these gravid females. It appears that this sucker can spawn as early as February in this population. This is the first time information on female reproduction in this species has been published from any population of C. elongatus in the state.

Rare Birds In Arkansas: Historical Observations And New Records, R. Tumlison, R. Kannan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Diligent members of birding communities are quick to report rare sightings of birds, which often lead to multiple observations and photographic documentation. Verified reports and images of birds in Arkansas are curated by the Arkansas Audubon Society (AAS), which has led to an appreciation of which species are common versus rare. We gathered historic (literature) and more recent unpublished records of rare birds (those with fewer than 10 reports, per AAS) to document the historic and current state of knowledge of those species. Currently, there are a total of 425 species of birds reported in Arkansas, of which 54 are …

Journal Acknowledgements And Editorial Board, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Genetic Algorithm For Solving A Just-In-Time Inventory Model With Imperfect Rework Implemented In A Serial Multi-Echelon System, Hsien-Chung Tsao, Cheng-Chi Chung, Hsuan-Shih Lee, Chih-Ping Lin, Yan-Yun Tu, Ssu-Chi Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

As global industrial competition intensifies, enterprises can achieve substantial competitive advantages in the supply chain management environment by promptly meeting customer demands and efficiently reducing both supply and demand costs. This paper proposes an inventory model for supply chain optimization that considers uncertain delivery lead times and defective products. Solving the model requires solving a nonlinear mixed-integer problem, which traditionally requires considerable time. Solutions to nondeterministic polynomial-time hard problems with high complexity and difficulty are often obtained using heuristic algorithms. Among these algorithms, genetic algorithms have high efficiency and quality. Therefore, we employed a genetic algorithm to solve the proposed …

An Mrf Model-Based Study On The Effect Of Fishes Upon The Characteristics Of Flow Field Of An Aquaculture Tank, Xian-Ying Shi, Zheng-Zheng Huang, Meng Li, Yinxin Zhou, Xiao-Zhong Ren, Hang-Fei Liu, Shu-Peng Du

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The study aims to investigate the effect of fish movement on the flow field in the aquaculture tank of a recirculating water aquaculture system. Herein, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the RNG k-ε turbulence model, the flow field in the aquaculture tank with fish movement was numerically simulated using the multiple reference frame (MRF) model and compared with the numerical simulation results of the fishless aquaculture tank. The results revealed that the overall mean flow velocity in the tank decreased significantly when the fish swam counter-currently with a fixed trajectory, and the overall mean flow velocity increased slightly when …

Occurrence Of Predation Of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) By Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) And Spotted Mackerel (Scomber Australasicus) In Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, Kei Sasaki, Miwa Yatsuya, Daisuke Shimizu, Daisuke Ojima, Shinji Komatsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In recent years, chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) have started migrating to the coastal areas off Iwate Prefecture earlier than they did previously, resulting in a geographic overlap between hatchery-bred juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) released at sea and the occurrence of predatory mackerel. To clarify whether the mackerels prey on the juvenile chum salmon, we captured adult mackerels by angling during the period when these species overlap in Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture. After capture, the stomach contents of the mackerel were examined using a combination of visual examinations and DNA metabarcoding analysis. As a result, …

Investigating The Effectiveness Of Microplastic Removal And The Relationship Between Microplastics, Bacterial Communities, And Nitrogen Cycling In The Natural Treatment Systems At The Arcata Wastewater Treatment Facility, Fiona Connor

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This thesis addressed two challenging aspects of microplastic research, including the quantification of microplastics in organic-rich water, and the investigation of how microplastics impact microorganisms and related nutrient-cycling. Two projects were designed and executed to address specific research objectives relating to these broad topics. The first objective was to develop and implement methods to determine the effectiveness of microplastic removal across the natural treatment systems at the Arcata Wastewater Treatment Facility (AWTF). The second objective was to observe how microplastics found in domestic wastewater impact the bacterial communities and nitrogen cycling in freshwater treatment wetland sediment through a bench-scale experiment, …

A Theoretical And Computational Model For Aquaponics Systems, Isabella M. Digiulio

Honors Theses

Aquaponics, a sustainable farming technique combining the principles of aquaculture and hydroponics, suffers from uncertainty in its optimal operating conditions, preventing large-scale adoption of this technology. Relying on experimentation or full-scale testing to address these uncertainties is an approach that is material, labor, time, and cost intensive. As a result, aquaponics would benefit from a complete computational model of the system. This would allow for information to be gained without long and expensive experiments, but rather with knowledge of system operations and a modeling software package. In this study, the Activated Sludge Model 1 (ASM1) matrix framework, traditionally used in …

Eeg-Based Spanish Language Proficiency Classification: An Eeg Power Spectrum And Cross-Spectrum Analysis, Blaise Xavier O'Mara, Skyler Baumer

Honors Theses and Capstones

Second language proficiency may be predicted with electrophysiological techniques. In a machine learning application, this electrophysiological data may be used for language instructors and language students to assess their language learning. This study identifies how electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum and cross spectrum data of the brain cortex relates to Spanish second language (L2) proficiency of 20 Spanish language students of varying proficiency levels at the University of New Hampshire. The two metrics for assessing cortical power and processing were event-related desynchronization (ERD)—a measure of relative change in power—of the alpha (8-12 Hz) brain frequency band, and alpha and beta (13-30Hz) …

Exploring Ph Gradient Phenomena In Non-Linear Electrokinetic Microfluidic Devices, Azade Tahmasebi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Electrokinetic microfluidics is a versatile technology utilized within lab on a chip (LOC) devices for diagnostic and analytical applications; advantages include reduced resource demands, flexibility, and simplicity of use. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a precision nonlinear electrokinetic tool utilized within microfluidic microdevices to induce polarization and control bioparticle motions for applications that range from hemoglobin separations to cancer cell isolation and detection. Despite promising results, undesired side phenomena can occur in electrokinetic systems which impede reproducibility and accuracy. These unfavorable phenomena have not been comprehensively explored in the literature. Prior preliminary research suggests the fundamental phenomena originate from microelectrodes utilized in …

Multi-Chamber Silencer Composed Of Screw-Perforated Tubes And Straight-Perforated Tubes, Tian-Syung Lan, Min-Chie Chiu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The use of silencers to reduce noise is mandatory due to severe hearing damage caused by high venting noise in the engine room of ocean-going vessels. While straight and perforated tubes have been used as acoustical elements in traditional silencer design, studies have shown that the acoustical design still requires improvement. To enhance acoustical efficiency, the use of multi-chamber mufflers is proposed composed of screw and perforated tubes. Additionally, a mathematical finite element model built for acoustical simulation using the COMSOL program expedites the analysis of silencers with complicated acoustical elements. A sensitivity analysis of transmission loss concerning the geometric …

Rapid Species Identification Of Meretrix Lusoria And Three Other Meretrix Clams Using Pcr And Rflp Analysis Of The Mitochondrial Coii Gene., Chia-Hsuan Sung, Liang-Jong Wang, Chang-Wen Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Meretrix clams are among the most economically important species of bivalves in Eastern Asia and Taiwan. In the past, the identification of these hard clams depended on the shell morphology; however, species identification based on shell markings and shapes confuses the taxonomy of the Meretrix genus. The DNA molecular information is useful and can easily identify them accurately and quickly, especially the sequence of mitochondrial DNA. In this study, a PCR method to analyze the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) gene was developed to rapidly identify of M. lusoria, M. lamarckii, M. lyrata and M. petechialis. Four different species …

Bearing Capacity Factor Characteristics Of Footings On Double-Layered Cohesive Soils, Chao-Ming Chi, Zheng-Shan Lin, Yu-Shu Kuo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, the bearing capacity of a surface foundation resting on a double-layered cohesive soil profile was investigated by applying a rotational mechanism and finite-difference numerical simulations. The bearing capacity factor behaviors of a surface footing on double-layered cohesive soils can be classified and illustrated using a characteristic chart. Depending on the soil strata strength ratio and normalized layer thickness, the soil-foundation system can be in the squeezing, factor-increasing, factor-decreasing, or constant factor zones. The results indicated that the trend of the curves in the characteristic chart computed from the asymmetric failure mechanism was in accordance with that of …

Research On Ice Resistance Of Ships Sailing In Floating Ice Floe, Zhixin Xiong, Xinyuan Wu, Yang Li

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To study the ice resistance of ships in areas with floating ice, the Xuelong 2 icebreaker was simulated. A floating-ice model was established using the discrete-element method, and an ice particle array was generated using MATLAB. The effects of ice coverage and speed on ice drag were studied From the numerical simulation results, it can be seen that there is a certain trend in ice resistance under different ice coverage ranges, which changes with the change of speed.By comparing with the empirical formula and the numerical value of the ship model test, this numerical simulation results are relatively accurate.It also …

The Pre-Processing Of Wt Blade Images By Ss And Bilateral Filter With Machine Learning Frameworks, Joy Iong-Zong Chen, Chien-Yeh Lee, Wien-Chieh Lo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper discusses the motivation behind turbine migration and addresses the challenges of using NN (neural network) computing systems. Moreover, it focuses on high-dimensional data from WT (wind turbine) blades. The three key aspects addressed in this study are turbine migration, overfitting, and strict feature selection. To evaluate the performance of the machine learning system, the study considers the characteristics of WT blades, specifically the similarity in blade color and the differences in shape. The authors apply pre-processing techniques, in particular a bilateral filter, in conjunction with the SS (selective synthesizer) of blade fouling patterns. The SS method adopts the …

Deep Learning-Based Technique For The Perception Of The Cervical Cancer, Aya Haraz, Hossam El-Din Moustafa, Abeer Twakol Khaleel, Ahmed H. Eltanboly

Mansoura Engineering Journal

In third-world countries, cervical cancer is the most prevalent and leading cause of death. It is affected by a variety of factors, including smoking, poor nutritional status, immunological inadequacy, and prolonged use of contraception. The Pap smear test, which is intended to prevent cervical cancer, finds preneoplastic changes in cervical epithelial cells. This study framework classified cervical cancer cells from Pap smears into five specified cell types using machine learning-based classification algorithms. The SIPaKMeD database is used in this investigation. This public dataset, which was manually cropped from 966 cluster cell images taken from Pap smear slides, has 4045 isolated …

Thermotrophy Exploratory Study, James Weifu Lee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The question of whether environmental heat energy could be utilized as a source of energy for biological metabolism is the center of this exploratory research. In 1979, this author postulated a hypothesis for the existence of thermotrophs that could isothermally utilize environmental heat energy as a source of their energy on Earth. According to this hypothesis, the thermotrophs could be the first primitive forms of life in the early Earth environment. The chemotrophs and phototrophs that we currently are all well familiar with might have been evolved somehow from the primitive thermotrophs. Furthermore, all the organisms currently regarded as the …

Telp Theory: Elucidating The Major Observations Of Rieger Et Al. 2021 In Mitochondria, James Weifu Lee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons (TELP) theory may represent a complementary development to Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory. The combination of the two together can now excellently explain the energetics in mitochondria. Our calculated transmembrane-attractive force between an excess proton and an excess hydroxide explains how TELP may stay within a 1-nm thin layer at the liquid-membrane interface. Consequently, any pH sensor (sEcGFP) located at least 2–3 nm away from the membrane surface will not be able to see TELP. This feature as predicted from the TELP model was observed exactly in the experiment of Rieger et al., 2021. In contrast to their …

Neutrosophic Superhyperalgebra And New Types Of Topologies, Florentin Smarandache, Memet Sahin, Derya Bakbak, Vakkas Uluçay, Abdullah Kargı

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In general, a system S (that may be a company, association, institution, society, country, etc.) is formed by sub-systems Si { or P(S), the powerset of S }, and each sub-system Si is formed by sub-sub-systems Sij { or P(P(S)) = P^2(S) } and so on.

That’s why the n-th PowerSet of a Set S { defined recursively and denoted by P^n(S) = P(P^(n-1)(S) } was introduced, to better describes the organization of people, beings, objects etc. in our real world.

The n-th PowerSet was used in defining the SuperHyperOperation, SuperHyperAxiom, and their corresponding Neutrosophic SuperHyperOperation, Neutrosophic SuperHyperAxiom in order …

Amphisbaenian Head Movement And Burrowing Forces In Damp Granular Media, Jacob Newell

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Damp granular media is a difficult environment to study because it is both practically complex and it lacks equations which fully describe its behavior. In this study, an oscillatory lateral head movement and its effects while penetrating damp granular media were tested using a robophysical model. This experimental research was inspired by the burrowing behavior of the clade Amphisbaenia, a group of usually limbless squamates that employ a variety of different burrowing behaviors, but it can apply to a wide range of burrowers. This research could help with both human burrowing technologies and the further investigation of animal behaviors.

Impact Of Eastern Redcedar Encroachment On Water Resources In The Nebraska Sandhills, Yaser Kishawi, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Troy E. Gilmore, Dirac Twidwell, Tirthankar Roy, Nawaraj Shrestha

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Worldwide, tree or shrub dominated woodlands have encroached into herbaceous dominated grasslands. While very few studies have evaluated the impact of Eastern Redcedar (redcedar) encroachment on the water budget, none have analyzed the impact on water quality. In this study, we evaluated the impact of redcedar encroachment on the water budget in the Nebraska Sand Hills and how the decreased streamflow would increase nitrate and atrazine concentrations in the Platte River. We calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT model) for streamflow, recharge, and evapotranspiration. Using a moving window with a dilate morphological filter, encroachment scenarios of 11.9%, 16.1%, …

A Graduate-Level Field Course In Irrigation And Agricultural Water Management For An Immersive Learning Experience, Derek M. Heeren, László G. Hayde, Dean Eisenhauer, Peter G. Mccornick, Ali T. Mohammed, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Alan L. Boldt, Xin Qiao, David Mabie, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Effective irrigation and agricultural water management (IAWM) is critical for food security and water security. A key requirement in designing, implementing and operation of IWM is the necessary knowledge and capacity on the farm, in the service industry and within the supply chain. Educational opportunities that not only teach the relevant principles of irrigated agriculture, but also the necessary applied skills are essential. An Irrigation Field Course was initiated by the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft) and was later developed as a joint field course with IHE Delft, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), and the Daugherty Water …

Estimating Battery Size Requirements For Tractor Electrification Of Row-Crop Planting Operations, Cheetown Liew, Andrew Donesky, Mark Freyhof, Ian Tempelmeyer, Santosh Kumar Pitla

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Power sources such as batteries, used for both on-road and off-road vehicles, are advancing at a rapid pace. Electric batteries are becoming more power dense, thus allowing them to be used as a power source to replace previous diesel or gasoline-powered systems. Efforts are underway to transition off-road agricultural vehicles from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs); however, the energy requirements of typical agricultural field operations need to be fully understood before such a transition can occur. Theoretical prediction equations available in the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) standards or the use of engine …

Fusarium Graminearum Effector Fgnls1 Targets Plant Nuclei To Induce Wheat Head Blight, Guixia Hao, Todd A. Naumann, Hui Chen, Guihua Bai, Susan Mccormick, Hye-Seon Kim, Bin Tian, Harold N. Trick, Michael J. Naldrett, Robert Proctor

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. Effectors suppress host immunity and promote disease development. The genome of F. graminearum contains hundreds of effectors with unknown function. Therefore, investigations of the functions of these effectors will facilitate developing novel strategies to enhance wheat resistance to FHB. We characterized a F. graminearum effector, FgNls1, containing a signal peptide and multiple eukaryotic nuclear localization signals. A fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and FgNls1 accumulated in plant cell nucleiwhen transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgNls1 suppressed …

Application Of Rule Learner Classifier For Studying Bioethanol Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine Out Emissions And Classification, D Y Dhande Mr., D P Gaikwad Mr, C S Choudhari

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

In this paper, preparation of ethanol from waste pomegranate fruit using fermentation and distillation method have discussed. The spark ignition engine out emissions were tested at various operating speeds using four different ethanol blends. Experimental results showed that the ethanol mixing in pure Gasoline increases quality of engine out emissions except Nitrogen Oxides. The 15% ethanol blend and 1500 rpm engine speed were found as optimal input values providing enhanced performance. Based on the experimental results, training datasets were prepared in which emission characteristics of engine were mapped with engine speed and ethanol combination with petrol. These datasets are used …

New Online Approach For Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Gnss Processing, Maha Fekry Elrewiny, Fawzi H. Zarzoura, Mahmoud El-Mewafi

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technique for accurate position services. The merging of many systems is intended to increase real-time PPP performance. With a rising number of available satellites and progressively increased quality of real-time accurate products of satellite clocks and orbits, Platforms such as CSRS-PPP, AUSPOS, Magic-GNSS, Trimble, and PPP-MANS are reshaping the landscape of embedded solutions in a variety of sectors. the performance of real-time PPP must be tested on a regular basis. This article examines the benefits and drawbacks of real-time PPP, emphasizing its potential for high accuracy, fast decision-making, and easy interaction with …

New Dialogue Between Old Crafts And Historical City “Case Study: The Historical Fez Factory In Fowah”, Dalia Shebl

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Traditional crafts are playing an important part of local identity in the city … Nowadays more efforts are being made to preserve them and establish a base and anchor point of economic and touristic development in the Egyptian cities. the paper clarifies the heritage values could evolve in a future through present one of the oldest site in fowah has a characteristic location of traditional crafts therefore it played a great role in contributing and developing many crafts in the other Egyptian cities using a Past-Present-Future framework. The research followed an historical and theoretical methodology for documentation then analytical studies …

Tdcs Effects On Synaptic Plasticity And Motor Skill Learning, Forouzan Vasheghani Farahani

Dissertations and Theses

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that involves the application of low-intensity constant current to the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. Its potential to enhance brain function and treat brain-related disorders has led to its increasing popularity due to its safety, simplicity, and affordability. However, its effectiveness remains a topic of debate.