Engineering Commons^™

Spectrum Analysis Of Heart Rate Variability, Xuming Wang

Theses

This research investigated the respiratory influence on heart rate variability. The heart rate spectrum was obtained from the heart rate variability signal which was extracted from the electrocardiogram We then studied the magnitude of the respiration peak in the heart rate spectrum and examined the dependence of the magnitude of this peak on breathing frequency, subject and day.

An experiment designed to simultaneously acquire the electrocardiogram and the respiration signal was conducted on ten people ranging from 22 to 55 years of age (3 females, 7 males). Three tests were performed on each subject. In each test, 2 different postures …

Trellis Coded Partial-Response Channels, Kumari Yalamanchili

Theses

Binary partial-response channels with transfer functions (1+D), (1-D) and (1 — D²) are intersymbol-interference channels which find applications in baseband data communications and magnetic recording systems (tapes, discs, compact discs, etc.). In this thesis we develop a coding technique for improving the reliability of digital transmission over noisy partial-response channels with the above transfer functions. We do so by introducing a new concept, called matched encoding, which arises in the context of trellis coding for channels with memory.

We use inner and outer trellis coding of the partial-response channels. The inner codes called matched inner coset codes, are …

Methods Of Achieving High Speed On Data Flow Machines, Chung-Lin Yu

Theses

Simultaneity is a key to high speed and large computation. Assuming hardware components of a given speed, it is the only remaining consideration in achieving raw speed. Simultaneity can be shackled by dependencies, however, and years of hardware and software work have been devoted to understanding the types of dependencies and how they can be obeyed or removed from a computation.

In this thesis, the principles of the data flow machines and the structure of the data flow languages are illustrated. Various methods of achieving high speed are discussed. These methods include streams, Lenient Cons (I-structure), and dependence-driven computation, which …

Image Coding With Switchable Dynamic Quantizers, Shing-Sun Yu

Theses

In this thesis, an image coding scheme based upon dynamic quantizations and Differential Pulse Code Miodulalton (DPCM) is studied for application in digital image transmission. This scheme achieves a degree of data compression, and at the same time, maintains an acceptable degraded Mean Square Error (MSE) in the reproduced image. The image to be transmitted is first divided into blocks and each block is then quantized before transmission. The dynamic quantizations including DPCM) are dynamically utilized in reducing the transmission rate while maintaining a desirable quantization noise level. Results of computer simulation of the proposed scheme demonstrate that the switchable …

Caldac, A New Approach To Computer-Assisted Theatrical Lighting Design, David William Zalewski

Theses

CALDAC, which stands for Computer-Assisted Lighting Design and Control, is a design environment integrating two present day state-of-the-art theatrical lighting computer aides, the computer-aided design (CAD) program and the preset storage system. The CALDAC environment also features On-Screen Stage Simulation, a newly proposed design tool. It is shown that this integration offers a strong advantage to the lighting designer and his/her crew.

The thesis begins by introducing the concepts of theatrical lighting design and the evolution of computerized control. The basics of CAD for the lightplot design are presented, followed by an introduction to the concepts of on-screen stage simulation. …

Transverse Electric (Te) And Transverse Magnetic (Tm) Mode Conversion In Optically Active (Chiral) Embedded Polymeric Waveguides, Mingdeh Chien

Theses

Wave propagation in an optically active isotropic, polymeric thin film waveguides is studied. The waveguides are fabricated using the dipping method. Thin film layers are composed of a passive PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) host material and a chiral, optically active, ((s)-(+)-1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-dily hydro phosphate), guest material. Experimental results show about 1° per centimeter rotation of polarization as light propagates through a 1.8cm waveguide. The theoretical analysis of the mode structure and wave propagation in the waveguide are examined using first order coupled mode theory. TE (-4 TM mode converter is a typical application of this investigation.

Csma/Cd Lan Performance : Modeling And Simulation In Csim, Nanda K. Kanuri

Theses

A simulation model to analyze the performance of CSMA/CD protocol is developed. CSIM, a process oriented simulation language, is used. Performance measures such as throughput, average delay and maximum delay per packet are presented. System performance is analyzed for different loads, number of stations, and network lengths, with packet length as parameter. By trading off the throughput and delay time, an optium packet length can be selected from simulated performance curves. A general scheme for MAC protocols modeling is provided.

Hardware And Software Designs For Integrated Electrical Engineering Experiments, Sujin Pramojaney

Theses

The interfacing between the various electrical engineering fields is not emphasized in the electrical engineering laboratory; the traditional aim of a laboratory course is to complement a single theoretical course. The object of this thesis is to provide means, hardware and software, that can be used in different system configurations to perform useful industrial tasks. The chosen task is to control electrical machines using a microcomputer. Experiments can be written to be performed by students, using these systems. The emphasize of these experiments can be on the characteristics of a power electronics device, but the device will be seen as …

Design Of Governor-Turbine Models In Stability Studies, Vidyanand Swaminathan

Theses

This thesis investigates the effect of hydro governor-turbine models on the steady state stability of an automatically controlled electric power system. Basically two kinds of hydro governor-turbine models, namely, Impulse and Francis type are studied in depth. Design of a compensating network has also been proposed, which can help improve the stability conditions of a power system which employs a poor governor-turbine model.

The power system investigated includes a large sized hydro generating unit connected to an infinite bus via a power network. This generator employs a modern three-channel fast-acting automatic voltage regulator (AVR). For any operating condition, stability results …

Integrated Voice/Data Services On Multihop Radio Networks, Chialun Lu

Theses

Integrated voice/data is the first step toward Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN). Various techniques have been proposed and analyzed for multiplexing voice and data over a large bandwidth channel. Network efficiency is what we are most concerned about. In this paper, we address the problem of determining optimal access policies for a tandem ISDN network by using Dynamic Programming. Computer simulation shows that optimal policy minimizes the data delay.

Statistical Multiplexing Of Video Sources For Packet Switching Networks, Krishna Kancherla

Theses

Communication networks are fast evolving towards truly integrated networks handling all types of traffic. They employ integrated switching technologies for voice. video and data. Statistical or asynchronous time division multiplexing of full motion video sources is an initial step towards packetized video networks. The main goal is to utilize the common communication channel efficiently, without loosing quality at the receiver. This work discusses the concept of using statistical multiplexing for packet video communications. The topology of a single internal packet network to support ISDN services has been adopted. Simulations have been carried out to demonstrate the statistical smoothing effect of …

Rays And Beams Near The Shadow Boundary, Weixing Gao

Theses

Asymptotic techniques in wave propagation problems exhibit attractive features in computational aspects compared to numerical methods. However, they experience problems in complicated environments due to the transition regions associated with them. The transition region involving a shadow boundary in the downward refractive index profile has been investigated. The ray paths were determined solving the ray equation analytically. The Green's function due to a line source is constructed and evaluated using numerical integration (reference solution) and asymptotic techniques. Then, the field produced by the source, is synthesized, using superposition of beams generated from complex source point representation. The floating parameters such …

A Dynamic Cmos Programmable Logic Device, Praveen K. Parvathala

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a Dynamic CMOS Programmable Logic Device chip (NJIT PLD). The main feature of the chip is its reconfigurability and the provision of a processor interface which makes the chip capable of performing coprocessor like functions. The chip has been designed to be used with the Intel 8088 microprocessor, but may also find stand-alone applications. Provision is made for dynamic reconfiguration of the chip. The configuration data for the chip comes from a serial PROM, to which the chip sends a synchronizing clock. The NJIT PLD is a high performance, digital integrated circuit. It has …

Efficient Design Of Trellis Coded Cpfsk, Hsinhsyong Yang

Theses

In this thesis convolutional coded continuous-phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) is studied.

CPFSK which is a subclass of continuous phase modulation ( CPM ) is a constant amplitude digital modulation scheme with very good spectral characteristics.

A new method, called matched encoding, that combines convolutional codes and CPFSK is studied. With the maximum free Euclidean distance as the optimization criterion, the best combined coded schemes were found for the same rate of the codes and given total number of states in the optimum decoder.

A different method which was suggested by Rimoldi[7], called the decomposition method, is also described in …

Maximum Rate Of Change Of The Differential Reflection Phase Shift With Respect To The Angle Of Incidence For Light Reflection At The Surface Of An Absorbing Medium, R. M.A. Azzam, A. M. El-Saba

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The differential reflection phase shift, Δ = δ_p - δ_s, associated with the external reflection of monochromatic light at the surface of an absorbing medium is a monotonically decreasing function of the angle of incidence ø which is determined by the complex dielectric function ε. A new special angle of incidence, denoted by ø_Δ′max, is defined at which the slope Δ′ = ∂Δ/∂ø of the Δ-ø curve is maximum negative, Δ′_max, and a transcendental equation is derived that determines this angle. ø_Δ′max differs from the principal angle ø_p at which Δ …

A Wideband Continuous Phase Shifter For Ka-Band, William J. Tanis

Theses

The design, fabrication and test of a 45 degree microstrip phase shifter capable of full Ka-band performance is presented. The design uses a Lange coupler with two ports terminated with beam-lead varactor diodes to provide continuous phase shift. Although this concept has been employed at X-band and below, this thesis demonstrates its feasibility for wideband use at frequencies as high as 40 GHz. The design uses thin-film capacitors, beam-lead diodes, simulated grounds, and air bridges to achieve a planar geometry and to simplify the production process. Detailed test results using various test circuits are shown for comparison to actual phase …

A Methodology For Designing Spacecraft Onboard Processing Systems, Mohammad Nadeem Ahmad

Theses

A three layer methodology is presented for designing spacecraft onboard computer systems. The system design is perceived as a sequence of three hierarchical layers: the Dedicated Processing Layer, the Application and Support Processing Layer, and the Communications Processing Layer. Each layer implements a distinct set of functions and offers services at different levels of abstraction. As opposed to the ISO/OSI Reference Model, where the prime objective is to implement peripheral interaction between two systems, the layered approach used here is to address the problems in system design itself. The problem is approached in a bottom-up fashion, starting with the description …

A Microcomputer Based Non-Invasive Cardiopulmonary Monitor Using A Microwave Interferometer, Tanmoy K. Basu

Theses

With a microwave interferometer the vibrational velocity of the anterior (front), as well as posterior (back) chest wall can be monitored and recorded. The recorded signals are a reflection of the mechanical cardiac activity within the chest cavity, as opposed to Electrocardiogram (ECG) which is a reflection of the electrical cardiac activity. The interferometer recordings are obtained with no physical contact between the instrument and the subject. Moreover, the subject can be fully clothed since microwave energy readily passes through normal dry clothing.

A microwave interferometer that is capable of detecting the vibrational velocity of the surfaces of the chest …

Design Of A Temperature Sensor For Gallium Arsenide Ic Applications, Raviprakash Raviprakash Gutala

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a temperature sensor circuit including sensor, differential amplifier, and a memory element for gallium arsenide IC standard cell applications. A standard 1-um depletion-mode GaAs MESFET technology has been used for the design of the circuit. The circuit is intended to be used as a standard cell in GaAs les providing an alarm when the sensor temperature reaches 125 °C. The circuit includes a NAND latch which is set when the chip cell temperature reaches 125 °C. The output of the latch can be sensed by additional circuits (on or off the GaAs chip) which …

Progressive Transmission Of Images Using Pyramidal Structure, Chin-Hua Hsu

Theses

A progressive image transmission scheme based upon Laplacian pyramid structure is used for image coding over low-bandwidth channels. The filtering and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) methods of image coding are generalized to allow quantization of the Laplacian images. Filtering is performed with a local, symmetric weighting function. The three different quantizers, (1) scalar quantizer, (2) memoryless vector quantizer (VQ), and (3) finite state vector quantizer (FSVQ), are used here to compare the results. In the receiver end, the image can be reconstructed using reverse procedure. The reconstructed image is not the same as the original image because of the …

Microprocessor-Based Processing Unit Implemented By Xilinx Programmable Logic Array, Lee Chuan Hu

Theses

The 8052 microprocessor-based processing unit is a super single board computer with many unusual features: memory page selecting with page indicators, on-board EPROM/PROM programmer, real time clock, battery back-up RAM, and memory mapped I/O. It is implemented by using Xilinx programmable logic array and can be used for various instruments. Xilinx user-programmable Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is a large logic array with up to 9000 equivalent gates. The advantages of programmable logic devices over standard ICs are more flexibility, design security, lower cost, higher performance, reduced power consumption, smaller size, and increased reliability. The system development time is also greatly …

Reliability Problems And Failure Mechanisms In Ic Packaging, Dilip J. Patel

Theses

Today, reliability is acknowledged as an important item in design and operation of electronics circuits and system.

This thesis provides information on evaluation of the reliability for hermetic and non hermetic IC packages made by different manufacturers.

Literature study concentrates on the reliability and related problems in IC packages developed between 1970 and 1988.

Several failure mechanisms and failure modes are discussed to point out how higher reliability in IC packages may be achieved.

The bibliography is given in a chronological order to help further research in this area.

Generation Of Atomic Nitrogen By Gas Discharge In Microwave Cavity, Jong-Shun Shieh

Theses

A microwave discharge system for producing atomic nitrogen at low flow rate and low pressure has been investigated. The molecular nitrogen passes through a microwave cavity in a quartz tube and is dissociated by the microwave energy. Subsequent recombination of nitrogen atoms produces a characteristic yellow glow due to the relaxation of excited molecular nitrogen to its ground state. The titration of nitric oxide with atomic nitrogen was used to measure the atomic nitrogen yield. At a 2 sccm nitrogen flow rate the atomic nitrogen yield was 8.75*10¹⁵ atom/sec, which corresponds to a nitrogen generation efficiency of about 1%. …

A Cmos Digital Temperature Sensor For Asic Vlsi Standard Cell Design, Chih-Ta Sung

Theses

This thesis describes the design of a CMOS digital temperature sensor cell including the physical layout database.This cell is designed for implementation within an ASIC VLSI chip as a standard cell . The digital temperature sensor can trigger an alarm signal and turn off power for preventing fatal damage in the VLSI chip if overheating occurs.A digital output also permits measurement of temperature over the 0 - 120°C range with ±3.4°C accuracy using standard VLSI foundry processing. Two sensing elements are implemented in a differential mode within the temperature sensor cell. An operational amplifier is used in the successive approximation …

X.25 Interface Packet Level Simulation, Arvind Tewari

Theses

An X.25 interface was simulated at the packet level and data packets successfully transmitted from the Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (a process) to the Data Terminal Equipment (another process). This was executed interactively. Two independent processesg were generated on the AT&T 3B15 computer and inter-process communication (IPC) used to transfer the data. The X.25 interface is based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model of the International Standards Organization.

Design Of A Lan Based Data Acquisition System For Sensor Applications, Krishna Murthy Uppunda

Theses

This thesis presents the design of a local area network (LAN) based data acquisition system for sensor applications. The circuit designed forms the robotic LAN (RLAN) interface between the sensor IC nodes and the ARCNET network. The RLAN network uses two packet protocols. The sensor data request (SDR) packet is received by the sensor IC nodes and the sensor transmits the sensor data (SD) packet. The RLAN interface provides a two way communication between the sensors and the ARCNET network. Whenever an ARCNET node receives the SDR packet, it stores the packet temporarily in a 1k RAM buffer. The RLAN …

Use Of The Lms Algorithm In Ecg Analysis, Xiaohua Yang

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop an IBM PC-AT based system to effectively process electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Adaptive filter theory is used to implement a noise cancellation system (adaptive noise canceller), which adaptively cancels the ECG signals resulting in real ECG noise. The adaptive process is based on the well known least-mean square (LMS) algorithm.

The noise canceling system is software based. Several programs have been written, which include analog to digital converter control, data acquisition and storage, data retrieval, adaptive filtering and digitized data graphics.

The thesis presents numerous computer experiments. The performance of the adaptive noise …

Computer-Controlled Programmable Pulse Generator For A Jeol Jnm-Ft-1a Radio Frequency Amplifier Section Of A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer, William H. Russell, Roger M. Hawk

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A microprocessor controlled programmable pulse generator was specifically designed to interface with the JEOL JNM-FT-1 A Radio Frequency (RF) section of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The programmable pulse generator was programmed and controlled by an IBM compatible computer. Statis rams were utilized as the programmable pulse generator's on board memory which were used to store the pulse sequences. Pulse widths can be programmed from 0.2 microseconds to 14.3 minutes. The JEOL RF section is unique in that it allows the pulse generator to control the phase of the RF transmitted to the NMR probe and whether the sample …

Netexpert, An Expert System For Computer Network Management, Sailen Patel

Theses

Data Communications systems consist of distributed software and hardware components executing concurrently a number of communications functions. The logical framework for these functions is called data communication architecture and is layered hierarchically according to the OSI model. The protocol defines the syntax and semantics of the communications between entities of the same layer. NETEXPERT: An Expert system described here contains a set of formal specifications corresponding to different abstractions level of the protocol. On the highest level there is a specification of the service provided by this protocol. On the consecutive lower levels there are successive refinements of this specification …

Microcomputer Control Of An Ac Induction Motor Using A Pwm Computational Intensive Method, Luther William Schnug

Theses

A three-phase microcomputer based AC Inverter has been developed using a computational intensive PWM algorithm that generates the output bridge switching patterns in real time. This approach utilizes the on-board capabilities of an advanced microcontroller, (a 16-bit 8097 from Intel), to eliminate most of the external hardware, and demands on memory size, required in other designs. This algorithm implements in software the Triangular Modulation Method of PWM generation, and utilizes a trapezoidal approximation to the sinusoidal reference waveform. Brassboard tests have shown that this approximation produces 5th and 7th harmonics that degraded performance, at low speeds. An enhanced algorithm, utilizing …