Engineering Commons^™

Energy Management And Control Of Smart Power Distribution Systems, Eric Galvan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

With the development of distributed energy resources (DERs) and advancements in technology, microgrids (MGs) appear primed to become an even more integral part of the future distribution grid. In this transition to the smart power grid of the future, MGs must be properly managed and controlled to allow efficient integration of DERs. Over the past years, there has been rapid adoption of roof-top solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Although roof-top solar PV and BEVs can provide environmental benefits (e.g., reduction of emissions), they also create various challenges for power system operators. For example, roof-top solar PV generation …

Artificial Intelligence In The Assessment Of Transmission And Distribution Systems Under Natural Disasters Using Machine Learning And Deep Learning Techniques In A Knowledge Discovery Framework, Rossana Villegas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Warming trends and increasing temperatures have been observed and reported by federal agencies, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Extreme-weather events, especially hurricanes, tornadoes and winter storms, are among the highly devastating natural disasters responsible for massive and prolonged power outages in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems (ETDS). Moreover, the failure rate probability of any system component under extreme-weather tends to increase in the impacted geographic area. This Dissertation proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Decision Support System that can predict damage in the ETDS and allow operators to mitigate disastrous extreme weather events. The document reports the …

Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antennas With Bandwidth Enhancement For High Gain, Beam-Steering Applications, Michael Trampler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reconfigurable reflectarrays are a class of antennas that combine the advantages of traditional parabolic antennas and phased array antennas. Chapter 1 discusses the basic operational theory of reflectarrays and their design. A review of previous research and the current status is also presented. Furthermore the inherent advantages and disadvantages of the reflectarray topography are presented. In chapter 2, a BST-integrated reflectarray operating at Ka band is presented. Due to the monolithic integration of the tuning element, this design is then extended to V band where a novel interdigital gap configuration is utilized. Finally to overcome loss and phase limitations of …

Sparse Signal Recovery Under Sensing And Physical Hardware Constraints, Davood Mardaninajafabadi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on information recovery under two general types of sensing constraints and hardware limitations that arise in practical data acquisition systems. We study the effects of these practical limitations in the context of signal recovery problems from interferometric measurements such as for optical mode analysis. The first constraint stems from the limited number of degrees of freedom of an information gathering system, which gives rise to highly constrained sensing structures. In contrast to prior work on compressive signal recovery which relies for the most part on introducing additional hardware components to emulate randomization, we establish performance guarantees for …

Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch And Cavity-Backed Slot Espars, Wei Ouyang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wireless communication systems have rapidly evolved over the past decade which has led to an explosion of mobile data traffic. Since more and more wireless devices and sensors are being connected, the transition from the current 4G/LTE mobile network to 5G is expected to happen within the next decade. In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), system capacity, and link budget, beam steerable antenna arrays are desirable due to their advantage in spatial selectivity and high directivity. Electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) that can achieve low-cost continuously beamsteering using varactor diodes have attracted a lot of attention. This dissertation …

Optimal Power Flow Control Of Networked Dc Microgrids, Eddy H. Trinklein

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The US military is moving toward the electrification of many weapon systems and platforms. Advanced weapon systems such as high energy radar, electro-magnetic kinetic weapons and directed energy pose significant integration challenges due to their pulsed power electrical load profile. Additionally, the weapons platforms, including ships, aircraft, and vehicles can be studied as a mobile microgrids with multiple generation sources, loads, and energy storage. There is also a desire to extend the mission profile and capabilities of these systems. Common goals are to increase fuel efficiency, maintaining system stability, and reduce energy storage size as typically required to enable pulsed …

Dual Graphene Patch Antenna For Ka Band Satellite Applications, Mohammed Amin Rabah, Mohammed Bekhti

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Currently; grapheme offers a new opportunity to use in space technology and this is due to its amazing properties like conductivity, strength, flexibility and transparency which allows us to exploit new generation of ultra-fast nanoscale components; Since future wireless communication techniques are geared towards the use of the high frequency spectrum and many recent research prove this trend. This letter presents a proposal for design of a dual graphene-based antenna to use in new communication techniques in Ka band, where the proposed antenna can work for uplink and dowlink frequencies at same time since it has return loss less then …

Straintronic Nanomagnetic Devices For Non-Boolean Computing, Md Ahsanul Abeed

Theses and Dissertations

Nanomagnetic devices have been projected as an alternative to transistor-based switching devices due to their non-volatility and potentially superior energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency is enhanced by the use of straintronics which involves the application of a voltage to a piezoelectric layer to generate a strain which is ultimately transferred to an elastically coupled magnetostrictive nanomaget, causing magnetization rotation. The low energy dissipation and non-volatility characteristics make straintronic nanomagnets very attractive for both Boolean and non-Boolean computing applications. There was relatively little research on straintronic switching in devices built with real nanomagnets that invariably have defects and imperfections, or their adaptation …

Recurrent Residual U-Net For Medical Image Segmentation, Md Zahangir Alom, Christopher Yakopcic, Mahmudul Hasan, Tarek M. Taha, Vijayan K. Asari

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Deep learning (DL)-based semantic segmentation methods have been providing state-of-the-art performance in the past few years. More specifically, these techniques have been successfully applied in medical image classification, segmentation, and detection tasks. One DL technique, U-Net, has become one of the most popular for these applications. We propose a recurrent U-Net model and a recurrent residual U-Net model, which are named RU-Net and R2U-Net, respectively. The proposed models utilize the power of U-Net, residual networks, and recurrent convolutional neural networks. There are several advantages to using these proposed architectures for segmentation tasks. First, a residual unit helps when training deep …

A Survey Of Techniques For Mobile Service Encrypted Traffic Classification Using Deep Learning, Pan Wang, Xuejiao Chen, Feng Ye, Zhixin Sun

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The rapid adoption of mobile devices has dramatically changed the access to various net- working services and led to the explosion of mobile service traffic. Mobile service traffic classification has been a crucial task that attracts strong interest in mobile network management and security as well as machine learning communities for past decades. However, with more and more adoptions of encryption over mobile services, it brings a lot of challenges about mobile traffic classification. Although classical machine learning approaches can solve many issues that port and payload-based methods cannot solve, it still has some limitations, such as time-consuming, costly handcrafted …

Impact On Distribution System Protection With The Integration Of Eg On The Distribution Network, Jane Courtney, Aaron Mcdonnell

Conference papers

A significant increase in EG connections on the distribution network over the past decade in Ireland has presented challenges to the Distribution System Operator (DSO). The connection of EG can cause co-ordination of Distance protection to be altered and has resulted in variations in short circuit levels. Multidirectional power flow has been introduced into a Distribution system that was not designed for the direction change in current flow. The impact of connecting EG to a typical 38 kV Distribution Network was demonstrated as part of this study. Increasing fault levels and protection co-ordination selectivity problems were identified when the network …

Improvement Of The Material’S Mechanical Characteristics Using Intelligent Real Time Control Interfaces In Hfc Hardening Process, Florentin Smarandache, Luige Vladareanu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Victor Vladareanu, Alexandru Gal, Octavian Melinte, Adrian Margean

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The paper presents Intelligent Control (IC) Interfaces for real time control of mechatronic systems applied to Hardening Process Control (HPC) in order to improvement of the material’s mechanical characteristics. Implementation of IC laws in the intelligent real time control interfaces depends on the particular circumstances of the models characteristics used and the exact definition of optimization problem. The results led to the development of the IC interfaces in real time through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and neural networks (NN) using off- line the regression methods.

Hfo Detector Based On Eeg Mean Energy Change Detection, Raul Ontiveros

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The main goal of this work is to support automated seizure prediction by identifying preictal states using multiple detectors of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). Assessment of HFOs from a seizure onset zone may be facilitated using automatic HFO detectors. However, studies have shown that HFOs can be generated by physiological or pathological brain processes. Distinguishing between pathological and physiological HFOs is challenging due to a lack of discriminant information in signals' morphology and other characteristics. Other complicating factors include a lack of consistency in definitions of HFO frequency ranges, the need for expert verification of HFO detection, and lack of robustness …

Material Characterizations Of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites Using Various Deposition Techniques For Planar Perovskite Solar Cell, Shaimum Shahriar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have rapidly become emerging materials for photovoltaic applications. Strong characterization methods are needed to fully comprehend the chemistry and composition of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the interaction between layers inside a cell and how they react with the environment is important to achieve optimum manufacturing processes, and improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. The present work demonstrates the material characterizations of organic-inorganic halide perovskites using (i) one-step deposition, (ii) two-steps deposition, (iii) solvent-to-solvent extraction, and (iv) mixed-cation solution processing. Investigations by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been undertaken …

Characterization And Quality Assessment Of Smart Polymer Systems Fabricated By Using 3d Printing Technique, Carlos Alejandro Garcia Rosales

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are classified as smart materials due to their inherent stimulus-induced response. SMP is capable of recovering its original shape from a high degree of deformation by applying an external stimulus such as thermal energy. Other stimuli are electricity, light, chemical, and magnetic field. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and its fabrication process has recently attracted much attention as a result of their potential application as soft active materials. Demonstration of SMP systems fabricated via 3D printing technologies has been one of the most popular attempts. This Dissertation presents an integration of two commercial SMP materials (DiAPLEX and …

Conductivity Modulation In Strained 2d Transition- Metal- Dichalcogenides Via Micro- Electro- Mechanical Actuation, Aldo Ivan Vidaña

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis, strain-induced conductivity modulation in bi-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes is experimentally investigated and modeled. Uniaxial tensile strain in the MoS2 flakes is achieved using a micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) actuator. Conductivity ratios up to 400 are demonstrated. Theoretical predictions of conductivity versus applied voltage in the MEMS-MoS2 device match experimental data reasonably well using only the effective width of the TMDC flakes as the sole fitting parameter. The amount of strain induced in the MoS2 flakes was determined to be as high as 2.7% for one flake using the model fitted to the experiment data. The switching energy required …

Performance Evaluation Of Communication Technologies And Network Structure For Smart Grid Applications, Desong Bian, Murat Kuzlu, Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Saifur Rahman, Di Shi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The design of an effective and reliable communication network supporting smart grid applications requires the selection of appropriate communication technologies and protocols. The objective of this study is to study and quantify the capabilities of an advanced metring infrastructure (AMI) to support the simultaneous operation of major smart grid functions. These include smart metring, price-induced controls, distribution automation, demand response, and electric vehicle charging/discharging applications in terms of throughput and latency. OPNET is used to simulate the performance of selected communication technologies and protocols. Research findings indicate that smart grid applications can operate simultaneously by piggybacking on an existing AMI …

Automatic Range Finding Bow Sight, Garrett Gill, Dillon Denny, Cory Verba

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

With the growing popularity of archery, a system designed to help an archer achieve the best shot possible becomes necessary. The Automatic Range Finding Bow Sight is a system that consists of a single pin sight controlled by a servo motor. The servo motor controls the sight pin by rotating a drive wheel that will move the pin up or down. The sight pin movement is based on a reading obtained by a built-in rangefinder and speed data input by the user. This data will then be compared to programmed lookup tables in order to find the appropriate pin position. …

Structural Changes Within Anode Materials Of Na+ Batteries, Alex L'Antigua

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Autonomous Combat Robot, Andrew J. Szabo Ii, Chris Heldman, Tristin Weber, Tanya Tebcherani, Holden Leblanc, Fabian Ardeljan

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This honors project will also serve as an engineering senior design project.

The objective is to design and build the software and electrical systems for a 60 lb weight class combat robot that will function autonomously and outperform manually driven robots during competition.

While running autonomously, the robot will use LiDAR sensors to detect and attack opponent robots. This robot will also be able to be remote controlled in manual mode. This will mitigate the risk in case the autonomy or sensors fail. LED lights on the robot will indicate whether it is in autonomous or manual mode. The system …

Smart Garage Opener, Jacob Wasson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this research project was to design an anti-theft device that interfaces with a standard garage door opener to allow packages to easily be delivered into a garage in a safe and secure manner. Primary functionality of the device is to use a package’s tracking number and corresponding barcode to open and close a garage door to a preset height so that a package can be delivered inside the garage before it closes. My contribution to the project revolved around the programming and board design of the microcontroller circuit that controls the input and output signals of the …

Safe Pass, Alycia Riese, Julia Hariharan, Greg Synek, Jonathan Hall

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this project is to design a sensor to be mounted on Class IV and higher vehicles to detect on-coming traffic. If traffic has been detected, the system is to warn drivers behind the stopped vehicle that passing is unsafe. The vehicle detection is to be implemented using a LiDAR detection method along with signal processing. A wireless transceiver is to transmit from the front radar module to the rear warning indicator module when the conditions are unsafe for passing. The project goals are to increase road safety and maintain traffic flow. The report details the challenges due …

Cycle Assist, Tyler Matthews

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The senior engineering design project presented in the paper that succeeds this, outlines the steps taken to design and implement an electronic bicycle that is able to keep a user’s heart-rate in a selected “intensity zone” though the use of an electronic motor and custom control circuitry. My portion of this project was to allow for safe and consistent power delivery to the rest of the electronics. That is to say, I built a battery pack and battery management system (BMS) to safely supply sufficient power to the rest of the electronics that were required for this project. In order …

S.A.V.E. M.E., Taylor Davis, Kelly Nicole O'Neill, Adrianna M. Dunlap, Parsa Esshaghi Bayat

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

S.A.V.E. M.E. stands for Submerged Automated Vehicular Elevation Minor Extraction or alternatively a Home Swimming Pool Rescue Device. The objective of this project is to design and prototype a system that will make unattended swimming pools through detecting a victim’s presence, deploying a means to save the victim, and alerting others nearby of the situation. This system encompasses sensors and devices within the pool and an alarm system outside of the pool. Upon detection of a sufficiently sized object entering the pool when the system is armed, a device will maneuver to the victim and deploy a flotation device that …

Electric Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm, Tianshu Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Power system load forecasting refers to the study or uses a mathematical method to process

past and future loads systematically, taking into account important system operating

characteristics, capacity expansion decisions, natural conditions, and social impacts, to

meet specific accuracy requirements. Dependence of this, determine the load value at a

specific moment in the future. Improving the level of load forecasting technology is

conducive to the planned power management, which is conducive to rationally arranging

the grid operation mode and unit maintenance plan, and is conducive to formulating

reasonable power supply construction plans and facilitating power improvement, and

improve the …

Mathematical Programming Approach For The Design Of Satellite Power Systems, Allen Flath Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Satellite power systems can be understood as islanded dc microgrids supplied by specialized and coordinated solar cell arrays augmented by electrochemical battery systems to handle high-power loads and periods of eclipse. The periodic availability of power, the limited capacity of batteries, and the dependence of all mission service on power consumption create a unique situation in which temporal power and energy scarcity exist. A multi-period model of an orbital satellite power system’s performance over a mission’s duration can be constructed. A modular power system architecture is used to characterize the system’s constraints. Using mathematical programming, an optimization problem can be …

Curricular Optimization: Solving For The Optimal Student Success Pathway, William G. Thompson-Arjona

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Considering the significant investment of higher education made by students and their families, graduating in a timely manner is of the utmost importance. Delay attributed to drop out or the retaking of a course adds cost and negatively affects a student’s academic progression. Considering this, it becomes paramount for institutions to focus on student success in relation to term scheduling.

Often overlooked, complexity of a course schedule may be one of the most important factors in whether or not a student successfully completes his or her degree. More often than not students entering an institution as a first time full …

Optimum Design Of Axial Flux Pm Machines Based On Electromagnetic 3d Fea, Narges Taran

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines have recently attracted significant attention due to several reasons, such as their specific form factor, potentially higher torque density and lower losses, feasibility of increasing the number of poles, and facilitating innovative machine structures for emerging applications. One such machine design, which has promising, high efficiency particularly at higher speeds, is of the coreless AFPM type and has been studied in the dissertation together with more conventional AFPM topologies that employ a ferromagnetic core.

A challenge in designing coreless AFPM machines is estimating the eddy current losses. This work proposes a new hybrid analytical …

การพยากรณ์ค่าอุณหภูมิของน้ำมันด้านบนในหม้อแปลงไฟฟ้ากำลังสำหรับการประเมินสมรรถนะโดยใช้แบบจำลองการเรียนรู้ของเครื่อง, สุวพันธุ์ อริเดช

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

อายุการใช้งานที่สูญเสียไปจากการใช้งานหม้อแปลงมีสาเหตุหลักมาจากค่าอุณหภูมิที่เกิดขึ้นภายในหม้อแปลง ได้แก่ค่าอุณหภูมิขดลวดและอุณหภูมิน้ำมัน หม้อแปลงที่ทำงานในสภาวะการจ่ายโหลดและอุณหภูมิแวดล้อมค่าหนึ่งจะเกิดความร้อนภายในที่แตกต่างกันทั้งนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับสภาพในปัจจุบันและการเสื่อมสภาพในอดีตของหม้อแปลง วิทยานิพนธ์นี้ศึกษาแบบจำลองการเรียนรู้ของเครื่องที่สามารถเรียนรู้พฤติกรรมการเกิดความร้อนภายในหม้อแปลงโดยใช้ข้อมูลในอดีตเพื่อพยากรณ์ค่าอุณหภูมิน้ำมันด้านบนและอุณหภูมิขดลวดของหม้อแปลงที่จะเกิดขึ้นก่อนการใช้งานจริง ข้อมูลดังกล่าวสามารถนำมาหาอายุการใช้งานที่คาดว่าจะสูญเสียไปของหม้อแปลงแต่ละตัวเพื่อใช้ในการวางแผนการส่งจ่ายกำลังไฟฟ้าและการเลือกบำรุงรักษาอุปกรณ์ นอกจากนี้การใช้ขอบเขตการพยากรณ์ช่วยตรวจสอบข้อมูลพฤติกรรมทางความร้อนของหม้อแปลงเพื่อใช้ตรวจหาสัญญานที่อาจบ่งชี้ความผิดปกติหรือการเสื่อมสภาพของหม้อแปลงได้ โดยจากผลการทดสอบแสดงให้เห็นว่าข้อมูลจากแบบจำลองการเรียนรู้ของเครื่องสามารถพยากรณ์อายุการใช้งานที่สูญเสียของหม้อแปลงได้ใกล้เคียงกับการใช้ข้อมูลที่ตรวจวัดได้จริง นอกจากนี้วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้เสนอการสร้างขอบเขตการพยากรณ์เป็นอีกหนึ่งวิธีที่ช่วยในการติดตามความเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรมทางความร้อนของหม้อแปลงซึ่งมีประโยชน์ในการบริหารจัดการหม้อแปลง

Ict-Enabled Control And Energy Management Of Community Microgrids For Resilient Smart Grid Operation, Mahmoud Saleh

Dissertations and Theses

Our research has focused on developing novel controllers and algorithms to enhance the resilience of the power grid and increase its readiness level against major disturbances.

The U.S. power grid currently encounters two main challenges: (1) the massive and extended blackouts caused by natural disasters, such as hurricane Sandy. These blackouts have raised a national call to explore innovative approaches for enhanced grid resiliency. Scrutinizing how previous blackouts initiated and propagated throughout the power grid, the major reasons are lack of situational awareness, lack of real-time monitoring and control, underdeveloped controllers at both the transmission and distribution levels, and lack …