Engineering Commons^™

A Rheological Study Of Cohesive Soils, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An attempt has been made to describe the mechanistic behavior of remolded and undisturbed soils by application of the principles of rheology. This was accomplished by approximating and comparing the data obtained from transient creep tests and relaxation tests to the mathematical behavior of mechanical impedance models. The data were also analyzed by transforming static moduli and compliances into dynamic values by the application of Fourier transforms. Distribution functions of relaxation and retardation times, obtained by the application of LaPlace transforms, are presented.

All soils tested exhibited similar dynamic moduli and complince curves indicating that soil type had little effect …

Construction Of Full-Depth Asphaltic Concrete Pavements, Jerry D. Ross, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Considerable attention has been devoted to the design and use of full-depth asphaltic concrete pavements. An experimental full-depth pavement was constructed on the Cannonsburg-Ashland Road (US 60), and the mechanical response of each asphaltic concrete layer to static and dynamic loading has been tested during construction.

This report is a documentation of section designs and construction procedures and summarily presents construction test results to be used in future analyses.

Rural Recreational Travel In Kentucky, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for predicting travel patterns on routes leading to outdoor recreational areas in Kentucky. Data were collected by means of a license-plate, origin-destination survey at 160 sites within 42 recreational areas and by means of a continuous vehicle counting program at eight of these sites. Results indicate that the method of associating similar facilities is a reliable procedure for predicting traffic characteristics. Vehicle occupancy was found to depend on the type of recreational area, distance traveled, and vehicle type. Percentages of various vehicle types were also influenced by the type of …

Skid Resistance Of Pavements [Sept. 1972], Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Standard pavement types and experimental surfaces on roads throughout Kentucky were evaluated in terms of skid resistance and effects of traffic, wear, and polishing. Friction-vs-speed gradients and the relationships between locked-wheel and incipient friction were determined. Asphaltic concrete pavements on high-speed, four-lane roads were found to be significantly more skid resistant than on two-lane highways and somewhat more skid resistant than concrete surfaces (especially those containing calcareous gravel aggregates). Sand-asphalt surfaces containing significant proportions of limestone sands showed inadequate level of friction for the traffic sustained. Several experimental sand asphalts without limestone sands exhibited greater skid resistance; Kentucky rock asphalt …

Skid-Test Trailer: Description, Evaluation And Adaptation, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A two-wheeled skid-test trailer and towing vehicle were acquired in 1969. The trailer was designed primarily for measurement of steady-state friction at and above normal traffic speeds. Measurement of instantaneous wheel loads also permitted determination of peak or incipient friction. Factors and variables associated with the testing device and calibration and test procedures were investigated and standardized, and the trailer was adopted for routine testing. Comparative tests with the trailers of General Motors, Ohio, and West Virginia were conducted, and the data were correlated. The interim standard method of test using an automobile was correlated with the trailer to permit …

Accidents On Rural Interstate And Parkway Roads And Their Relation To Pavement Friction, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Friction measurements were made with a skid trailer at 70 mph on 820 miles of rural, four-lane, controlled-access routes on the interstate and parkway systems in Kentucky. These facilities were subdivided into test sections and half-mile sites. Accident experience, friction measurements and traffic volumes were obtained for each subdivision.

The expression of accident occurrence which correlated best with skid resistance was wet-surface accidents per 100 million vehicle miles. There was a definite trend exhibiting a rapid decrease of accidents with increasing Skid Number (70 mph) to 26 ± 1; thereafter, with increasing Skid Numbers, the rate of decrease was considerably …

Analysis Of Multistory Frames With Light Gauge Steel Panel Infills, Craig J. Miller, Robert G. Sexsmith, Arthur H. Nilson

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE This report was originally presented as a thesis to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, conferred in August 1972. The author wishes to thank Professor Arthur H. Nilson, Project Director, and Professor Robert G. Sexsmith, Principal Investigator, for the help and guidance that made this work possible. This investigation was supported by the American Iron and Steel Institute.

A Study Of The Prevalent Categories Of Conflict As Perceived By The Architect And The School Client On School Construction Projects In Indiana, Tracy Dust

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In view of the complexities which are now involved in school facility construction, it is paramount that the relationship between the architect and his school client develop fully and that it be based upon a clear and mutual understanding of role expectation. The school board, as the hiring agency, is characteristically composed of laymen both in the field of education and in the field of heavy construction. They must rely upon the judgment of the architect regarding the design features of the proposed facility and must depend upon their superintendent and his staff for determining educational program requirements.

Application Of Gravity And Intervening Opportunities Models To Recreational Travel In Kentucky, Kenneth D. Kaltenbach

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Weekend outdoor recreational travel has a major impact on the highway network in Kentucky. Data from a previous study (1) indicate that the number of people visiting 42 typical Kentucky outdoor recreation areas on an average summer Sunday in 1970 was approximately 260,000. Most of these 42 areas, by virtue of their outdoor nature, are located in rural settings. Most have access to major arterial highways only by means of narrow, low standard rural roads. Traffic generated by the recreation areas and their associated developments severely strains these secondary access highways and places a significant additional load on the rural …

Rheological Response Of Asphalts, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The rheological response of asphalt cements to shearing stresses is presented. The behavioral characteristics were measured using a rotating coaxial cylinder viscometer. Little or no development of theory is presented.

The viscoelastic portion of deformation is discussed in terms of the creep function. Plastic deformation is described using the definitions of apparent and plastic viscosities. Curves showing the effects of temperature, stress level and penetration on these two major components of strain are presented and discussed. Analysis indicated that plastic deformation is the predominant component of strain and, thus, should be considered and incorporated in the design of flexible pavements.

Construction, Protection And Maintenance Of Concrete Bridge Decks, Ronald D. Hughes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents an historical account of deterioration in reinforced concrete bridge decks. Preventative maintenance treatments to both new and in-service decks are discussed. Repair methods are included. The major forms of deterioration are listed and causative mechanisms are discussed. Potential design and construction remedies are presented for consideration.

Operational Characteristics Of Lane Drops, Don L. Cornette

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Traffic behavior studies were conducted at seven lane-drop locations, representing four lane-drop classes. These studies were composed of conflict observations (consisting of both erratic movement and brakelight applications), spot-speed observations, and lane volume counts. Such a study was made before and after each different traffic control device installation in an attempt to determine which device was the most effective in minimizing conflicts at existing lane drops. A study of conflict deviations indicates that no single type of traffic control device studied was significantly effective in reducing erratic movement and brakelight rates at all seven lane-drop locations. Rather, it appears that …

Unstable Embankment: Us 119 Harlan-Pineville Road Stations 1260 To 1265, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In January I972, an in-depth investigation of an unstable embankment, Figure 1, on US 119 near Station 1262+00 was initiated. The site is approximately five miles southwest of Harlan and near Wilhoit. Figures 2 and 3 show a plan view and a typical cross-section, respectively. US 119 travels on a tangent from Station 1252+16 to 1255+54 in a northerly direction. From that point, the roadway gradually curves four degrees to the east, becoming tangent again near Station 1275+00. At about Station 1258+00, the roadway emerges from a cut, and near Station 1266+00 it reenters a small cut. Between the latter …

Skid Resistance Of Pavements [July 1972], Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Standard pavement types and experimental surfaces on roads throughout Kentucky were evaluated in terms of skid resistance and effects of traffic, wear, and polishing. Friction-vs-speed gradients and the relationships between locked-wheel and incipient friction were determined. Class I bituminous pavements on high-speed, four-lane roads were found to be significantly more skid resistant than on two-lane highways and somewhat more skid resistant than concrete surfaces (especially those containing calcareous gravel aggregates). Sand-asphalt surfaces containing significant proportions of limestone sands showed inadequate level of friction for the traffic sustained. Several experimental sand asphalts without limestone sands exhibited greater skid resistance; Kentucky rock …

A Numerical Technique For Solving Rigid Body Impact On An Incompressible, Viscous Medium, Cecil Thomas Chapman

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A technique for solving rigid-body impact on a viscous, incompressible medium is presented. The numerical scheme is adapted from the Marker and Cell (MAC) method developed to solve problems involving time-dependent motion of a viscous, incompressible fluid in two-dimensional space. As the pressure end velocity fields are computed throughout the flow field, the solution gives the force and displacement time history of the rigid-body during the impact phase. In conjunction with this, through a system of marker particles, the changes in configuration of the viscous medium on impact can be studied. With a "movie frame" (incremental time) approach, computational experimentation …

Manpower And Productivity In The Construction Industry, John A. Purciello

Theses

The relationship between manpower and productivity is an important factor in the area of increasing construction costs. Manpower supply is affected by worker mobility, influx of minority workers, work accidents, and training and apprenticeship programs.

A survey was conducted in the state of New Jersey to determine if a manpower shortage existed. The survey was conducted by submitting questionnaires to contractors, unions, owners, and architect-engineers.

The results of the survey indicated that a manpower shortage does exist, and that the shortage has influ enced construction costs, Furthermore, as a result of the increasing costs, indications of a decline in new …

High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The intuitive need for improved sign legibility has increased through the years as traffic volumes, speeds and roadway designs have advanced. Because of increased traffic volumes, low-beam headlight illumination at night has become more imperative. Signs are being located farther from the travelled lanes; higher speeds are requiring messages to be more legible at greater distances (for driver decision and response). Recent studies have indicated that even Engineering Grade (2200 and 3200 Series) Scotchlite or materials designated as Type I, Class A in S.P. No. 89-A, may be inadequate for some signing situations. Signs may be made larger and(or) incorporate …

Diaphragm Braced Channel And Z-Section Beams, George Winter, Nuri Celebi, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE Cold-·formed channels and Z-shapes are widely used as purlins supporting roof surfaces which consist of light-gage steel panels or other material. If the panels are interconnected to form diaphragms, they brace the purlins and increase their carrying capcity sizeably. It is the purpose of this investigation to explore this bracing effect and provide tools for its utilization in~design. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Professors George Winter and Teoman Pekoz, Project Directors. Their suggestions, criticism and guidance made this work possible. The research project covered by this report was sponsored at Cornell University by the American Iron …

The Structural Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Members With Perforated Elements, Charles S. Davis, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE This report was originally a dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Missouri-Rolla in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering, for conferment in May 1972. The research project described within was sponsored by American Iron and Steel Institute through a Special Engineering Fellowship in the fiscal year 1970-71. The author wishes to thank Dr. Wei-Wen Yu, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla for his invaluable guidance in his joint capacity as the project director and as major advisor of my advisory committee. …

Ole Miss Engineer 1972

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Soil-Cement As A Highway Material, Vongchai Jarernswan

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Soil-Cement is not a new material; its low cost but high quality make it well-known and the use of this material for highway, dam, and airfield purposes increases every year. The origin of the idea of mixing soil and cement to produce a structural material has not been definitely established; informal records show that mixing soil and cement was tried in Iowa, Ohio, Texas and probably in other places by 1920 (1). Since the first controlled soil-cement construction was carried out near Johnsonville, South Carolina in 1935 (2), soil-cement has been considered a valuable engineering material. It is now an …

Proposed Remedies: Unstable Embankment At Mile Post 188 And Channel Erosion At Mile Post 190-191; I 64, Boyd County, David R. Houchin, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Department became aware of fill slippage on I 64 some 300 feet east of mile post 188 during the summer of 1967. In September of that year Mr. L. E. Richardson, Division of Maintenance, and Mr. Gordon D. Scott, Division of Research, made an inspection of the area. Mr. Scott reported cracking of shoulder, movement of the guard rail, and a failure in the berm along the toe. However, subsequent inspections showed the slip to be stabilizing by itself until late in 1970 when some additional movement was observed. In January of 1971, the most conspicuous pavement failure was …

Traffic Controls For Maintenance On High Speed Highways, William M. Seymour

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Observations were first made at lane closures on interstate highways where yellow warning signs were erected routinely in conjunction with contract work. Later data provided direct comparison between new yellow and new orange signs. One sign scheme was used throughout the study. Driver obedience improved when new signs of either color were used; this finding implies that signs should always be maintained in good condition. Orange signs were slightly more effective than yellow signs in reducing traffic conflicts and merges near the traffic cones. The results of the study tend to support the adoption of orange as the standard color …

Hybrid Computer Modeling Of The Hydro-Salinity Flow System Within A River Basin, Duane R. Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream consequences resulting from changes in the upstream hydrologic system and salinity flow system.

Since the burden of water quantity and quality maintenance must be shared by the users, predictions are needed for quantity and quality changes which might result from contemplated development at any specified location within the river system. A close relationship between the hydrologic and salinity flow systems exist, thus making it necessary for an understanding of both systems in order to properly manage the salinity system.

This study …

Simulation Of The Dynamics Of Erodible Streams, Kousoum S. Sakhan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The movement of translatory waves over an erodible stream has a critical influence on the time of rise of the hydrograph which, in turn, affects the stability of the stream channel. In the present study, the movement of these flood waves is described by the one-dimensional equations of continuity and motion which are obtained by the space integration of the three-dimensional equation of continuity and Reynolds equations. The flow of suspended sediment is described by a one-dimensional dispersion equation which is derived from a three-dimensional equation of conservation of solid mass in the flow. With some modifications the one-dimensional dispersion …

Effects Of Land Use On Water Quality: Summit Creek, Smithfield, Utah, David W. Meyers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of various land uses on water quality in Summit Creek were evaluated during the period beginning March 13, 1971 and ending October 27, 1971. Potential sources of pollution investigated were: (1) septic tank use, (2) feedlot runoff, (3) urban runoff, (4) rural runoff.

Samples were collected from five sampling stations on 16 separate days during the sampling period. Analyses were performed to determine the following constituents: ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, coliform bacteria, chloride, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total carbon, organic carbon, temperature and pH.

Agricultural activities, including livestock feedlot operations, were identified as the major …

A Study Of The Effects Of Water Institutions On Planning And Management Of Water Resources In Utah, Donald H. Mclean

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One area of research that has been somewhat neglected in water planning programs and water development is that pertaining to water law and water institutions. Over the years each state has developed a complex system of water law and organizations for the allocation and distribution of water. The usual role of these institutions is one of orderly development and the efficient use of the water resource. However, in many cases water law and institutions have imposed serious constraints upon the planning and the most efficient use of a valuable resource.

This study, through historic research, has attempted to define these …

Dynamic Response Of Predictions Of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Lawrence D. Reaveley

Civil Engineering ETDs

Prediction of the dynamic response of reinforced concrete beams by various analytical model techniques was considered. Four models were studied: (1) an elastic or elasto-plastic SDF model, (2) an SDF model based on experimental force-displacement data, (3) an SDF model based on a theoretical moment-flexural rigidity relationship, and (4) an MDF model based on a theoretical moment-flexural rigidity relationship.

Beam response, as predicted with the various models, was compared to experimental response data obtained from simply supported, singly reinforced, concrete beams. Static and dynamic response was considered. Dynamic model modifications for the stiffness, yield strength and damping were studied. Nominal …

Lowering The Transportation And On Site Labour Costs - Some Proposals, Iraj E. Majzub

International Symposia on Low Cost Housing Problems

No abstract provided.

Suspended Modular Component System, Lawrence C. Abell, Conrad P. Heins Jr.

International Symposia on Low Cost Housing Problems

No abstract provided.