Engineering Commons^™

Removal Of Fluoborate From Electroplating Rinse Water By Ion Flotation, Ray Haralson

Dissertations

A problem exists in the removal of fluoborate from electroplating waste rinse water. The normally used waste treatment methods are not effective and the vacuum evaporation process now being tried is expensive and energy intensive. Experiments were conducted and an alternative treatment process which shows substantial removals of the fluoborate was developed. This can be effectively done using ion flotation techniques. A broad range of surfactants were screened for usefulness in this process and it was found that an aliphatic amine acetate was usable in this process. Operating parameters for the process were investigated, and the removal mechanism was determined …

Nonlinear Analysis Of Shear Walls And Shear Panels By Finite Element Method, Erhan Atay

Theses

The objective of this work was to determine the feasibility of applying the Finite Element Method to Nonlinear Analyses of Shear Walls and Shear Panels.

Various existing methods are reviewed and discussed.

These studies determined that the application of Finite Element Method to Nonlinear Analysis of Shear Walls and Shear Panels is being misused in many cases but is very practical and promising where justified. However more studies are needed for the manner of modeling to be used to connect the wall to beam and slab elements that frame into that wall. To model the coupled beams as plane stress …

Structural Members Comprised Of Composite Wood Material And Having Zones Of Diverse Density, Anders E. Lund, Gordan P. Krueger

Michigan Tech Patents

The disclosed invention includes an improved construction of structural members such as railroad crossties, highway spin posts and highway guard posts and to construction of said members from composite wood material including elongated wood flakes and to a method for making such improved structures.

Effects Of Construction Variations Upon Dynamic Moduli Of Asphaltic Concrete, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The two variables that most influence the behavior of asphaltic concrete pavements are subgrade modulus and thickness of the asphaltic concrete. Other significant variables are: temperature of the asphaltic concrete, asphaltic concrete modulus, frequency of the dynamic loading, asphalt content by weight in mix, and voids in the asphaltic concrete mix.

During a series of Road Rater tests on a experimental pavement in Kentucky, deflection test data varied widely from expected values. Test data reported by Kallas and Riley permitted the development of an equation relating asphaltic concrete modulus to its temperature and to the frequency of loading. However, after …

Engineering Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales, Vincent P. Drnevich, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen, Samuel S. Hale

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Excavation, handling, and the environmentally safe disposal of spent oil shale and overburden materials require a knowledge of their geotechnical engineering properties. To determine these properties a laboratory investigation of the physical and geotechnical engineering properties was made. The physical tests consisted of mechanical analyses, Atterberg Limits, and specific gravity determinations. Geotechnical properties were determined by moisture-density analyses, triaxial compression, permeability tests, slake-durability, one-dimensional compression tests, and Los Angeles abrasion. A one-dimensional compression test was devised to address the problem of placement, loading, and saturation of the spent shales and overburden materials. The compacted, unprocessed oil shales were more susceptible …

Warrants For Left-Turn Lanes, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Warrants for the installation of separate left-turn lanes were developed. Literature was reviewed, and policies and practices in other states were surveyed. Accident analyses of locations with and without separate left-turn lanes were conducted. Computer simulation was used to determine relationships among traffic delay, load factor, traffic volume, percent left-turns, cycle length, and cycle split. The relationship between left-turn accidents and conflicts was investigated.

Warrants were developed involving the following three general areas:

1. accident experience,
2. volumes (based on delay), and
3. traffic conflicts.

H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Mechanical Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales As Related To Mine Design Application, Tom F. Fudge Jr., David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

To develop oil shales as an alternate energy resource, it will be necessary to develop appropriate mining techniques. In this regard, the mechanical properties of the ore must be determined. Section I of this paper presents data from a laboratory study to determine these properties. Uniaxial compression tests, longitudinal frequency tests, indirect tensile tests, and triaxial tests were performed. Section II uses data from section I to design an example underground mine. Strength properties are considered in the design of roof spans and pillars. It is concluded that underground mining of Kentucky oil shale is feasible with a possible extraction …

Transportation Alternatives For Peak Period Passenger Travel In Greater Georgetown, Ahamad Baksh

Theses

Alternatives to present a workable and cost effective solution(s) to the inadequate supply of public transportation during the peak hour periods in Greater Georgetown (Guyana) are examined. Various transportation system management strategies that could help in either to service the peak period demands by more effective utilization of available transport resources or to manage these demands by altering peaks patterns, are discussed. Data from the transportation study aspect of the "Physical Plan for Greater Georgetown", conducted by the Central Housing and Planning Authority as well as data from the files of the Central Transport Planning Unit of the Ministry of …

An Exploratory Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Wall Studs, Yaochun Zhang, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Child Restraint Usage In Kentucky (Pre-Legislation), Kenneth R. Agent, Joseph D. Crabtree

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In an attempt to increase child restraint usage, a law was enacted by the 1982 Kentucky Legislature requiring use of child restraints for children forty inches or less in height. To evaluate the effectiveness of this law, a usage survey had to be completed before the law became effective. Objectives of this study were to determine statewide child restraint usage and statistics relating to improper usage. Seatbelt usage of drivers was also analyzed.

A statewide child restraint usage rate of 14.4 percent was obtained. Only 44 percent of restraints were coded as used properly. Several factors, such as population, age …

Deflection And Evaluation Of Flexible Pavements For Design Of Overlays, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Personnel from the University of Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP) were requested by the Tennessee Transportation Center to conduct a demonstration project concerning the collection and use of deflection data (Road Rater) for evaluation of the existing condition of flexible pavements for use in overlay design. The demonstration project involved using the Road Rater to collect deflection data on specific pavement sections selected by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT). Deflection data were evaluated in a way that provides input parameters for an overlay design procedure (see Appendix A). The Kentucky overlay design procedure was used to make recommendations concerning …

Snow-Melting System, 9th Street And I 64, Louisville, Wm. Vernon Azevedo

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The 9th Street - I 64 interchange in Louisville was equipped with an automated electrical heating system for snow and ice removal. The system is capable of maintaining a clear and safe passageway. This report summarizes the performance of the heating system and describes the factors that will influence future use of this or other nonconventional methods of snow and ice removal.

Mechanical & Engineering Properties Of A Cherty Paleozoic Material, Robert C. Deen, David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Divide Cut Section 3A of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway is located in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. Construction of this portion of the canal required the excavation of a cherty residuum. This material (hereafter referred to as cherty Paleozoic material) is a member of the Fort Payne Formation, of the Mississippian Period, of the Paleozoic era. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical and engineering properties of the material, including its abrasiveness. Also, the mineralogy of the material was to be determined and a particular effort was made to determine if the material could be classified as Tripoli.

On …

H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Appropriate Technologies For Biomass Waste Conversion In Small Communities, Samuel A. Vigil, Douglas W. Williams, Robert E. Spitzka, Hilary M. Theisen

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This paper will describe several simple, appropriate technologies for biomass waste conversion which can be applied in rural or small community settings. Technologies to be discussed include ethanol production from cannery wastes with a mobile fermentor/still, production of low-energy fuel gas from agricultural and municipal wastes. Each of the technologies will be briefly discussed below.

Highway Sizing, Joseph D. Crabtree, John A. Deacon

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A critical examination is made of the conventional method for highway sizing, that is, determination of lane requirements. Ranked hourly traffic volume distributions, obtained from 1977 Kentucky volume stations are examined to test certain assumptions common to the conventional approach. Several of these distributions have no distinct "knee" and, for those which do, the knee is most frequently found outside the normally anticipated range. Of equal importance, the knee location can be arbitrarily altered simply by changing the number of highest volume hours that are examining.

The fundamental fallacy of the conventional procedure is its focus on a single design …

Traffic Accident Rates In Kentucky (1980), Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A primary objective of this study was to determine average accident statistics in Kentucky in 1980 for use in identifying hazardous locations. To identify locations having an abnormal accident history, norms must be established and these norms must be kept up-to-date to maintain a reliable identification program.

Average accident rates were calculated using several methods of classifying highways. Average rates for counties and cities were calculated, and counties and cities with the highest rates for their population category were identified. A series of curves were drawn giving criteria which can be used to determine whether a particular location has an …

Summary Of Vehicle Classification Data, Joseph D. Crabtree

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

As part of an attempt to calculate accident rates for different vehicle types on various kinds of roads, it was necessary to determine the percentage of each vehicle type in the traffic stream for each type road. This was accomplished by summarizing Kentucky's Vehicle Classification File. The procedure used in summarizing the file and the results of the summary are presented in this report. Vehicle distributions are reported by number of lanes, by functional classification, by administrative classification, by federal-aid system, by hour of day, by day of week, and by month of year. It is believed this report provides …

H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Steady-State Pipe Network Computer Programs, Michael Bernice Holloway

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Four widely used computer programs for the analysis of steady state flows in pipe networks are compared. These programs are NEWTH, written by Jeppson; KENTUCKY, written by Wood; FLOW, written by Epp and Fowler; and LIQSS, written by Stoner. Differences, similarities, advantages and disadvantages of these programs, and various options available are discussed for the benefit of possible future users. In addition, the efficiency of NEWTH, KENTUCKY, and FLOW was tested by simulating a typical network by each program. The listing of LIQSS was not available, and thus was not included in this comparison. In simulation, KENTUCKY used over twice …

An Exploratory Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Wall Studs, Yaochun Zhang, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

GENERAL Cold-formed steel wall studs are widely used in the U. S. and Canada. The 1980 A.I.S.I Specification (Ref. 1) contains provisions for the design of such wall studs based primarily on the research conducted at Cornell University (Refs. 2 and 3). This research involved theoretical and experimental studies on wall studs subjected axial loads only. The Specification provisions on the case of combined axial and lateral loading were derived intuitively and were made intentionally conservative. The excessive conservatism in the provisions for the combined loading case prevents using wall studs as economically as possible. The primary objective of the …

H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Pavement Roughness In Kentucky, Gary W. Sharpe, David H. Cain, Herbert F. Southgate, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Over two hundred pavement sections in Kentucky have been periodically measured for pavement roughness over a period of several years. This pavement service-life historical data can be used to assess quality of construction, pavement service-life, present and anticipated pavement condition. Road users perception of ride quality can be related to these measurements. Response-type road roughness measuring systems have been used to collect roughness measurements and correlation studies have been performed to relate measurements from current systems. Several factors influence pavement roughness. An early factor is construction workmanship. Other factors are traffic loading, environment, geology, and age.

H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Leachate Treatment Technique Utilizing Fly Ash As A Low Cost Sorbent, Turan A. Ramadan

Theses

This study was carried out to design a system for the inexpensive treatment of ash pond effluent or leachate. Twelve different coals were burned in three different types of coal fired boilers to determine the influence of coal composition, ash fusion temperatures, boiler additives, combustion conditions and co-firing of natural gas or oil with the coal, on the composition of the fly ash and bottom ash as well as the leaching and sorbate characteristics of the fly ash produced.

The trace elemental analysis consisting of Ti, Cd, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, Cr. Zn, Mn, Ba, and V in the …

Allocation Of Transportation Costs To Users, James E. Black, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The 1980 annual cost responsibility and user-generated revenue were determined for each vehicle class using Kentucky's highways. The incremental-cost method was selected as the procedure for assigning the responsibility for each component of the highway cost to the users. Generally, the method is based on the concept that each highway cost component can be subdivided into increments caused by vehicles of different types, sizes, and weights.

Annual costs for the highway system were based on construction, replacement or current value costs representing capital investment components of the highway. Those components were: 1) preliminary design and engineering, 2) right-of-way, 3) utilities …

Accident Rates By Vehicle Type, Joseph D. Crabtree, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the calculation of accident rates for different vehicle types, using vehicle-miles travelled as the measure of exposure. Rates are reported for passenger cars, single-unit trucks, combination trucks, buses, and motorcycles on various highway types. Highway types are broken down by functional classificaion, administrative classification, number of lanes, and rural or urban location. Generally motorcycles had the highest rates and passenger cars had the lowest, although this varied by highway type.

Analysis Of Saturation Flow At Signalized Intersections, Kenneth R. Agent, Joseph D. Crabtree

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The accuracy of saturation flow values is of prime importance when determining the capacity of signalized intersections. The objective of this study was to collect a large sample of field measurements so that reliable saturation flow values could be obtained and the factors affecting saturation flow could be identified.

The results identified several factors which had significant influence on saturation flow. A formula was recommended for use in estimating an appropriate saturation flow value for a specific lane on an approach to an intersection. Adjustment factors were applied to a "base'' saturation flow value. Adjustments were developed for the following …

Evaluation Of Snowplowable Markers, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to evaluate available snowplowable markers under similar traffic and snowplowing operations. There were five different markers tested which included the following: 1) Stimsonite 96, 2) Dura-Brite, 3) recessed, 4) Kingray, and 5) Prismo Roadstud.

The Stimsonite 96, Dura-Brite, and recessed markers were found to be acceptable snowplowable markers. All three of these markers were found to have adequate reflectivity during both dry and wet nighttime conditions. This reflectivity was maintained over the test period and the markers proved to be durable when subjected to snowplow operations. However, considering all available input, the recessed marker …