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Articles 32911 - 32940 of 39957

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Vibroflotation For Ground Improvement — A Case Study, H. R. Sreekantiah Jun 1993

Vibroflotation For Ground Improvement — A Case Study, H. R. Sreekantiah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study concerning the adoption of vibroflotation technique in a loosely filled up granular soil has been presented. The technical feasibility of the process of compaction has been established before execution of the work and the post compaction process consisted of monitoring the work by plate load tests and static cone penetration tests. The settlements of the foundations resting on the compacted granular soil have been monitored and they are well within the permissible limits. Hence this technique of compaction has been proved to be economical when compared to the adoption of deep foundation, like, the pile foundation.

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Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass Jun 1993

Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In recent years, land reclamation works have been extensively implemented along the coastal lines for a variety of purposes. This paper relates to the case history of a land reclamation project for a steel mill complex construction in Korea. Site improvement techniques used in this project include construction of sand drains and preloading. Construction procedures of sand drains are described as well as staged loading process along with field observations. Field measurement of settlement and theoretically estimated values are compared. The results of standard penetration tests and unconfined compression tests at various depths of soil, and time intervals are presented. …

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Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui Jun 1993

Case Histories Of Poor Quality Contingency Of Foundation Soil Improvement Of 50,000 Kiloliters Oil Storage Tank, Yi-Ji Wang, Jun-Jie Zheng, Ji-Ming Cui

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper introduces case histories of poor quality contingency of foundation soil improvement of 50,000 kiloliters oil storage tanks. Inhomogeneity of soft and hard soil layers in oil tank area, and in the process of construction, effective improvement measures had not been taken, and this produced bad effects to oil tank.

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Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu Jun 1993

Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Presented in this paper is the summary of two case histories using alkali liquid method to reinforce collapsible Loess ground. One is the ground treatment of administration building which was not in a position of normal service because of the unequal settlement of the ground caused by collapsibility; the other is the ground improvement of the office building of a hospital before construction. The test to examine reinforcing effects is held one month after ground stabilization. It is learned from the test results that the soil compressibility characteristics within the treated aera has been changed from high grade to medium …

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Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu Jun 1993

Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Development over the last 10 years of The Waterways - a 180-acre (73-ha) planned community in North Miami Beach, Florida has advanced the knowledge of constructing low-rise structures and infrastructure over preloaded organic soils, and of supporting high-rise towers on shallow foundations over precompressed loose sand. The experience gained from this project indicates a preconsolidation ratio between 1.7 and 2.0 is appropriate for the preloading of organic soils, and a preload about two times the weight of a high-rise tower is appropriate for precompressing the loose sand. The successful foundation performance of this major development demonstrates that preloading is a …

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Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements Jun 1993

Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history is presented where stone columns were used as a deep compaction method to increase the liquefaction resistance of stratified silty soils. Standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) resistances were used to evaluate the pre-treatment site conditions and post-treatment effects of deep compaction using stone columns. The results of the deep compaction are presented with predicted penetration resistances required to reduce the potential for liquefaction. Limitations of conventional liquefaction analysis in silty soils are discussed with regard to SPT-CPT correlations established for the site, cyclic simple shear tests performed on silts, and corrections to SPT …

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Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin Jun 1993

Performance Of Wick Drains In Boston Blue Clay, H. Abedi, J. Risitano, D. Yamane, K. Chin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft clays is a cost effective alternative to the use of pile foundations. This paper presents a case history of using wick drains to accelerate the consolidation of a 5. 7 acre area in Metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Boston Blue Clay was encountered approximately 25 to 40 ft below existing grade with varied thickness and consistency. Wick drains were installed to a depth of 70 ft in a triangular pattern. Geotechnical instruments were installed to monitor the settlement of clay with time. As a result of the preconsolidation program, about …

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Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic Jun 1993

Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The cylindrical ground anchors has gained wide acceptance as an economical and highly versatile anchoring method over the past decade, particularly due to fast and simple performance by using the soil/rock boring and grouting procedure. However, these cylindrical anchors reach very low bearing capacities when they are performed in such a soil as a clay, silt or sand. The paper is concerning with the set of data and results which are collected after the in situ investigations of some 30 short vertical anchors installed in clay and in silty sand, as well. The bearing capacity of cylindrical and spherical anchors …

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Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh Jun 1993

Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Irrigation water is made available to the farmers by means of construction of a dam/weir and a canal system taking off from the reservoir impounded behind the dam. This water is therefore very precious. If the canal system is not lined, about 25 to 30 per cent of water released in the canal is lost by way of seepage through canals. Canals should therefore be lined not only to save this water but also to irrigate additional area. A pilot project of providing such lining on experimental basis was taken up for the first time in India by Irrigation Department …

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Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye Jun 1993

Field Study Of An Oil Tank On Stone Column Ground, Jie Han, Shulin Ye

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two SPTs and two CPTs for ground before and after stabilization, three static loading tests for the stabilized ground with stone columns were performed. It was found that stone columns strengthened the resistance to seismic liquefaction of a saturated clayey silt layer and increased the ground bearing capacity two times. From a water preloading test of an oil tank on the improved ground it was obtained that stone columns not only decreased the total and differential settlement of the tank but also speeded the consolidation rate of the ground. Stone columns also reduced the initial excess pore water pressures developed …

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Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao Jun 1993

Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A section of a highway carrying heavy traffic was located on fill of height ranging from 2-3m. The total thickness of the pavement was of the order of 550mrn and consisted of bituminous surfacing, granular base and sub base. Although the expected life of the pavement was ten years, severe distress including transverse deformations and cracking of the pavement was experienced within one year after traffic started plying on this section. However, the adjoining stretch, built at the same time, continued to perform satisfactorily. A study consisting of comprehensive testing program was taken up to establish the causes of distress. …

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Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam Jun 1993

Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An outburst of warm springs together with the development of an extensive area of high pore-water pressures occurred during the first filling of the 50m high earth and rock fill Itezhitezhi Dam on the Kafue River in Zambia. These and other unanticipated events led to extensive geological and hydrogeological investigations that resulted in the implementation of unusual remedial measures. The remedial work was completed before the reservoir reached its full supply level. The dam has since performed successfully. The problems are reviewed in terms of the significance of the site geology. The hydrogeologic problems were found to be caused by …

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Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu Jun 1993

Investigation Of Collapse Of An Apartment Building Due To Differential Filling, N. N. Som, R. B. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Investigation of collapse of a five storey residential building in Calcutta is described. The failure occurred soon after construction but, fortunately, before occupation. Detailed soil investigation revealed that a bowl-shaped depression, 5. 5 m deep, existed in the collapsed building area which was subsequently filled up. The foundation raft was placed 5.325 m below ground level and the subsequent filling put an overburden pressure of varying magnitude resulting in non-uniform pressure on the subsoil. This was apparently not considered in design. Factor of safety was found to be low against bearing capacity failure and the building tilted towards the heavier …

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Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner Jun 1993

Underpinning And Leveling Settled Pipes And Channel, Steven D. Scherer, Ed Weiner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Settlement of a new reinforced concrete channel and related pipes was creatively underpinned and raised utilizing steel mini piles and compaction grout pile elements. The conditions that may have caused the settlement are systematically reviewed and details of construction are presented.

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Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings Jun 1993

Deterministic/Probabilistic Study Of Fault Rupture, D. Cimmings

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A combined theoretical, deterministic, and probabilistic analysis was applied to a site in Nevada for the purpose of defining the potential for fault rupture through alluvium under a proposed facility. A theoretical model using Theory of Plasticity was used to define the stress trajectories from fault displacement in bedrock through alluvium. A deterministic analysis was used to determine earthquake recurrence and expected magnitudes. A combined total and compound probabilistic analysis was used to assess the likelihood of fault displacement under the facility. The results of these complementary analyses indicated a very low likelihood of fault rupture during the life expectancy …

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Performance Evaluation Of A Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Pavement Capping A Hazardous Waste Site, John W. Anthony, Robert J. Sterrett, Greg Shepherd Jun 1993

Performance Evaluation Of A Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Pavement Capping A Hazardous Waste Site, John W. Anthony, Robert J. Sterrett, Greg Shepherd

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Hydrologic Consultants, Inc. was contracted to undertake the closure of a former pesticide facility. While pesticide compounds were present on the site, they were located primarily in the top two feet of soil. Five remedial action alternatives for the site were reviewed; the remedial action selected was to cap the site. Because of the expense of obtaining clay in sufficient quantities, a less costly alternative to clay was adopted: a high-bitumen-content hydraulic asphalt concrete (HAC) pavement. For preliminary design purposes, a performance assessment was conducted utilizing the Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model to compare the relative performance of …

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Discussions And Replies Session 11, Karen Brakefield, Aswath V. Rao, Dieter Genske Jun 1993

Discussions And Replies Session 11, Karen Brakefield, Aswath V. Rao, Dieter Genske

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Use Of Low Plasticity For Soil Liners And Covers, Clifford C. Knitter, K. G. Haskell, M. L. Peterson Jun 1993

Use Of Low Plasticity For Soil Liners And Covers, Clifford C. Knitter, K. G. Haskell, M. L. Peterson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Loess, which consists predominantly of low plasticity to non-plastic silt (PI≤10) with varying amounts of sand and clay-sized (- 5 microns) material, covers much of north-central Oregon and eastern Washington. Several landfills operate in this area. Because of the lack of clayey soils and clayey bedrock in the region, loess was proposed for use as the low permeability soil barrier layer. Laboratory testing and large-scale field tests of test fills using SDRI's have shown that the remolded permeability of the loess is related to grain-size, soil gradation, and the percent saturation of the placed soil. We had an approximately 1:1 …

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An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure Jun 1993

An Analytical Prediction Of Consolidation Settlement Of Fibrous Peat Deposit Under Loading, K. Kogure

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat, it is known that the behavior can not be sufficiently explained by Terzaghi theory. In this study, based on the fact that the pore of fibrous peat consists of macro (outer) pore between organic bodies and micro (inner) pore inside organic bodies, an approximate analytical method for one-dimensional consolidation of fibrous peat is presented. The macro pore consolidation (MAC) resulting from dewatering from the macro pore begins in the first place and the peat collapses to a new void ratio. At the same time, the micro pore consolidation (MIC) resulting from dewatering from the …

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In-Place Stabilization Of Waste Phosphatic Clays Using Lime Columns, B. L. Barnes, L. D. Madrid, W. A. Ericson Jun 1993

In-Place Stabilization Of Waste Phosphatic Clays Using Lime Columns, B. L. Barnes, L. D. Madrid, W. A. Ericson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper will present the results of a laboratory testing program and field implementation of the lime column stabilization technique to waste phosphatic clays. Results show increases in clay shear strength by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and reduce the time of primary consolidation by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.

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General Report Session No. 13: Case Histories Of New Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, Bruce L. Kutter, Ross W. Boulanger Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 13: Case Histories Of New Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, Bruce L. Kutter, Ross W. Boulanger

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Geotechnical Aspects Of The Petrolia Earthquake, Robert K. Green, Thomas L. Sawyer Jun 1993

Geotechnical Aspects Of The Petrolia Earthquake, Robert K. Green, Thomas L. Sawyer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Petrolia, California earthquake (MS 6.9, ML 6.4) occurred on April 25, 1992 and was followed by numerous aftershocks including two earthquakes over magnitude 6 that occurred on April 26, 1992. The earthquakes caused structural damage in Ferndale, Petrolia, Honeydew, Rio Dell, Fortuna, and Scotia. The earthquake also produced ground failures of liquefaction, lateral spreads, and landslides in the epicentral region. Liquefaction did not appear to be widespread, and occurred in locations where it would most likely be expected to occur (low lying areas with very recent alluvial deposits and high ground water). Scattered landslides were triggered by …

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Ground Movements In Mexico City During Recent Earthquakes, E. Ovando, M. P. Romo, L. Díaz Jun 1993

Ground Movements In Mexico City During Recent Earthquakes, E. Ovando, M. P. Romo, L. Díaz

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Acceleration records were obtained with a rather dense accelerographic array during three recent earthquakes in Mexico City. Following a purely observational approach, useful information about the nature and characteristics of seismic motions was derived from the analysis of these records. Broad regional studies indicate that the distribution of seismic motions in the city may be affected by directivity effects. From local site studies it is concluded that seismic movements at the base of the compressible clay deposits are fairly uniform and accelerograms recorded in vertical arrays suggest that soil strata in Mexico City respond to seismic movements according to established …

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Liquefaction During 1988 Earthquakes And A Case Study, M. K. Gupta Jun 1993

Liquefaction During 1988 Earthquakes And A Case Study, M. K. Gupta

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several parts of north eastern India, Bangladesh and Burma were rocked by an earthquake on August 6, 1988. The author carried out earthquake damage survey due to liquefaction in Assam region. Wide spread liquefaction in the area was observed. Guide bunds and approach roads of a road bridge near Tezpur performed excellently against liquefaction during the earthquake for which they were designed. Another earthquake of magnitude 6.6 visited Nepal Bihar border region which shook northern Bihar and Nepal region and was felt as far as Jaipur in the west and Shillong in the east. Large scale liquefaction has also been …

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Liquefaction During The October 12, 1992, Egyptian Dahshure Earthquake, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Mohamed Amer, Korhan Adalier Jun 1993

Liquefaction During The October 12, 1992, Egyptian Dahshure Earthquake, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Mohamed Amer, Korhan Adalier

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On October 12, 1992 a moderate earthquake MB = 5.9 (MS = 5.2) occurred about 18 km southwest of the center of Cairo and resulted in significant damage to numerous poorly constructed structures. Soil liquefaction associated with the occurrence of large sand-boils was observed close to the epicenter. As a consequence, a main road suffered a maximum settlement of about 1.75 m. In this study, the earthquake characteristics, soil profiles and resulting liquefaction are discussed. The observed liquefaction mechanisms provide valuable information on the seismic response of Nile deposited alluvial soils. Such soils constitute much of the inhabited …

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Response Analyses Of Recorded Earthquake Motions, S. J. Serhan Jun 1993

Response Analyses Of Recorded Earthquake Motions, S. J. Serhan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Response analyses of three recorded earthquakes at a nuclear power plant have been conducted. The objective of the response analyses is to obtain frequency composition, assess damage potential, and simulate and explain the recorded soil and structural seismic motions. Two- and three-dimensional models for the soil/structure system have been developed by using the finite-element substructuring method. Results of the analyses show clear evidence of soil/structure interaction in terms of significant soil softening, strong rocking mode participation and unusual recorded high-frequency response inside the buildings.

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Case Histories Of Compacted Clay Liners And Covers For Waste Disposal Facilities, David E. Daniel Jun 1993

Case Histories Of Compacted Clay Liners And Covers For Waste Disposal Facilities, David E. Daniel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Compacted clay liners and covers are widely used in waste containment units. Case histories in three categories are presented: (1) case histories illustrating compaction, construction, and quality assurance difficulties; (2) case histories involving field hydraulic conductivity testing of large-scale test pads; and (3) case histories involving final cover systems. The case histories illustrate that: (1) compaction criteria should be chosen carefully and with consideration given to how the compaction will be controlled in the field; (2) regulatory roadblocks may defeat sound technical approaches in terms of developing compaction criteria; (3) one can follow ASTM procedures and still get into difficulty …

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The Kettleman Hills Landfill Failure: A Retrospective View Of The Failure Investigations And Lessons Learned, James K. Mitchell, Mihsiung Chang, Raymond B. Seed Jun 1993

The Kettleman Hills Landfill Failure: A Retrospective View Of The Failure Investigations And Lessons Learned, James K. Mitchell, Mihsiung Chang, Raymond B. Seed

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The sliding stability failure of the Kettleman Hills waste landfill focused attention on several issues related to the safe design and filling of waste repositories, including low strengths between geosynthetic material interfaces in composite liner systems and low interface strength between compacted clay and smooth geomembranes. Waste placement plans must be carefully developed to insure an adequate factor of safety against sliding at all stages of filling. Because of assumptions and uncertainties that remained following the initial failure investigation, model tests, at a scale of 1:150, were done. These tests reproduced the field failure very well and provided insights into …

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Man-Made Vibrations And Solutions, K. R. Massarsch Jun 1993

Man-Made Vibrations And Solutions, K. R. Massarsch

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The generation and propagation of man-made vibrations in the ground is discussed. Emphasis is placed a simplified approach which is used to assess the most important factors, such as wave attenuation, refraction focusing and vibration amplification as a result of resonance. Practical guidelines are presented which can be used to predict vibrations and settlements in the ground. A semi-empirical relationship for the assessment of permissible vibration levels for buildings is proposed. Finally, a new ground vibration isolation method, the gas cushion screen is presented.

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Construction And Interim Performance Of A Pyrament Cement Concrete Bridge Deck, Michael D. Stone, David Q. Hunsucker Jun 1993

Construction And Interim Performance Of A Pyrament Cement Concrete Bridge Deck, Michael D. Stone, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Pyrament Blended Cement (PBC) is a high performance cement developed by Lone Star Industries and is a blend of 65% portland cement, 30% fly ash, and 5% trademark additive. Concrete made with PBC has been characterized by its rapid set, high early strength, and low permeability. This report summarizes the construction and interim performance of a full-depth concrete bridge deck slab constructed using Pyrament Cement concrete.

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