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Articles 32401 - 32430 of 40026

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Non-Linear Response Of Foundation Systems Subjected To Vertical Machine Type Loading, Hatem Eibastawisy, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Non-Linear Response Of Foundation Systems Subjected To Vertical Machine Type Loading, Hatem Eibastawisy, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Vertical vibration tests on surface and embedded footings of different dimensions were performed by Fry (1963) and Beredugo (1971). Analytical predictions were reported by Manyando (1991) based on nonlinear, frequency independent stiffness and damping coefficients for surface foundations. The authors present, in this paper, a mathematical model for predicting the response, in terms of amplitude versus frequency, for surface or embedded, irregular shaped foundations system under vertical vibration considering soil non-linearity and frequency dependent stiffness and geometrical damping parameters. The frequency dependent stiffness and geometrical damping parameters are based on Gazetas's work (1991). The predicted and measured natural frequency and …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

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Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr. Apr 1995

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

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Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet Apr 1995

Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake severely shook the Van Norman Complex, in the northern San Fernando Valley. Located in the nearfield, over the vicinity of the ruptured fault, the Van Norman Complex was subjected to many types of ground movements, including strong ground motions, tectonic displacements, ground deformation of natural soil deposits, and deformation of embankments and other engineered fills. The complex provides a well-documented case of how these various types of ground movements interact and their effects on engineered facilities. Throughout the complex, sand boils, liquefaction induced lateral spreading, and ground cracks were observed. Eleven water retaining embankments, …

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Ground Motions From The Northridge Earthquake, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Raymond B. Seed Apr 1995

Ground Motions From The Northridge Earthquake, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Raymond B. Seed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The magnitude, duration and frequency content of ground motions from the Northridge Earthquake are analyzed and compared to predictive relationships typically used in engineering design and to the 1994 Uniform Building Code. The effect of geologic conditions on localized damage patterns is shown to be important for this earthquake, even though many of the sites within the affected region are stiff soil sites classified as UBC sites S1 or S2.

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Performance Of Port Facilities During The Northridge Earthquake, K. K. Muraleetharan, S. V. Jagannath, K. Arulmoli, D. A. Thiessen Apr 1995

Performance Of Port Facilities During The Northridge Earthquake, K. K. Muraleetharan, S. V. Jagannath, K. Arulmoli, D. A. Thiessen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, two of the Port of Los Angeles' facilities called Berths 121-126 and Pier 300 sustained moderate damage. Lateral displacement of dikes up to five inches and liquefaction of hydraulic fills were observed. Several geotechnical analyses from simplified SPT -based method to sophisticated fully-coupled analyses are presented. Observed lateral displacements are predicted reasonably well by the fully-coupled analysis procedure and an intermediate analysis procedure which incorporates some results from a fully-coupled analysis in to a simplified Newmark-type deformation analysis. The potential for higher pore pressure generation underneath the dike compared to a level ground …

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Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann Apr 1995

Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Canadian Geotechnical engineering community has embarked on a major study regarding the liquefaction of sand entitled The Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) through a collaborative effort of industry, engineering consultants and university participants, with the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The study is examining the characterization of sand for dynamic and static liquefaction. The project was started in 1993 and is expected to last at least 3 years with equal funding by both industry and NSERC for a total of about C$1.8M. This paper provides a brief progress report on the Project. Three …

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Significance Of The Velacs Project To The Solution Of Boundary Value Problems In Geotechnical Engineering, K. Arulanandan, M. Manzari, X. Zeng, M. Fagan, R. F. Scott, T. S. Tan Apr 1995

Significance Of The Velacs Project To The Solution Of Boundary Value Problems In Geotechnical Engineering, K. Arulanandan, M. Manzari, X. Zeng, M. Fagan, R. F. Scott, T. S. Tan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The VELACS project was conducted in order to improve existing methods for the analysis of the consequences of soil liquefaction. The project showed that centrifuge studies are repeatable only under carefully controlled conditions. Most procedures were able to predict the onset of liquefaction in contractive soils, but only effective stress based fully coupled nonlinear procedures were able to predict deformations due to liquefaction· None of the currently available procedures could simulate the behavior of dilative soils adequately. Problems were attributed to improper constitutive model implementation and inadequate calibration. An example to evaluate the behavior of a flow slide observed in …

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Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret Apr 1995

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

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National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods Apr 1995

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

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Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata Apr 1995

Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For a wide variety of geomaterials, cohesionless and cohesive soils and sedimentary soft rocks and cement-mixed soils, the importance and advantages of measuring the deformation characteristics accurately and continuously for a strain range from less than 0.001 % to several % by a single static test using a single specimen are demonstrated. It is also shown that the deformation characteristics at strains of less than about 0.001 % is essentially elastic and the elastic stiffness values evaluated under static (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic (fast cyclic) loading conditions are the same from the engineering point of view. It is discussed …

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The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii Apr 1995

The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper traces the evolution of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice in North America from 1954 to 1994. The development of the state-of-the-art has been shaped strongly by four areas of practice: assessment of seismic hazard, estimation of liquefaction potential, seismic response analysis of earth structures and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of existing dams with potentially liquefiable zones. Evolution of practice in each of these areas will be traced and the current state-of-the-art evaluated. Present capabilities in practice will be illustrated by examples from the areas of seismic response of dams, liquefaction potential and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of …

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Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd Apr 1995

Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground displacements generated by liquefaction-induced lateral spread are a severe threat to engineered construction. During past earthquakes, lateral spread displacements have pulled apart or sheared shallow and deep foundations of buildings, severed pipelines and other structures and utilities that transect the ground displacement zone, buckled bridges or other structures constructed across the toe, and toppled retaining walls, bulkheads, etc. that lie in the path of the spreading ground. This paper presents a method for estimating probable free-field lateral displacements at sites susceptible to liquefaction. Free-field ground displacements are those that are not impeded by structural resistance, ground modification, or a …

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Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf Apr 1995

Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As an alternative to rigorous boundary-element solutions, simple physical models can be used to determine e.g. the interaction force-displacement relationship (dynamic stiffness) of foundations and the seismic effective foundation input motion. Translational and rotational cones and their corresponding lumped-parameter models together with simple one-dimensional wave patterns in the horizontal plane allow surface, embedded and pile foundations even for a layered site to be analyzed and thus form a major step towards developing a strength-of-materials approach to foundation - vibration analysis. The analysis can mostly be performed directly in the time domain. The physical models provide physical insight which is often …

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Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt Apr 1995

Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The first part of this report deals with wave propagation in the ground. Special attention is given to the radiation of waves from a source and on the effect of layering or continuous variation of the shear modulus in the soil on travelling waves. In the second part, vibration isolation measures are described, such as open or infilled trenches and rows of bore holes or piles. The results of different theoretical and experimental investigations are compared. Finally, recently developed isolation measures are presented.

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Lessons Learned From Liquefaction And Lifeline Performance During San Francisco Earthquakes, T. D. O'Rourke, J. W. Pease Apr 1995

Lessons Learned From Liquefaction And Lifeline Performance During San Francisco Earthquakes, T. D. O'Rourke, J. W. Pease

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents information about subsurface conditions, liquefaction-induced ground movements, and lifeline performance during the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes in San Francisco. Three sites of soil liquefaction and pipeline damage during both earthquakes are evaluated, including the Marina, South of Market, and Mission Creek areas. Important lessons are summarized about the effects of transient lateral shear strains on pipeline performance, post liquefaction consolidation, use of submerged fill thickness as a microzonation technique for predicting liquefaction severity and potential pipeline damage, the relationship between surface manifestations of liquefaction and subsurface geometry of deposits, and factors affecting the magnitude of lateral spread.

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Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Research on soil-pile-structure interaction under dynamic loading over the past 20 years has led to a variety of analysis approaches of varying complexity to address a range of dynamic problems. Many of these analysis approaches have been adapted for use for the seismic design of pile foundations. In this paper, the various analysis methods are only briefly reviewed. The focus of discussion is on design concepts and issues more routinely used or encountered by structural engineers during seismic design of new or retrofitted pile foundation systems representative of those used for bridges and buildings.

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Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso Apr 1995

Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic design of tailings dams in present times has to provide satisfactory solutions to fulfill environmental protection requirements and to assure proper behavior after closure and abandonment. The requirements to protect the environment include control of seepage and other forms of pollution of the air, waters and soils, under normal conditions, and also under the most extreme events which may be foreseen to occur. The worst possible form of pollution under such extreme conditions is a liquefaction failure involving breaching of the dam and flooding of the valleys downstream. The probability of occurrence of maximum events obviously increases with the …

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Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou Apr 1995

Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A multi-step procedure is outlined for a complete seismic soil-pile-structure interaction analysis, within the format of kinematic and inertial decomposition. Vertical S-wave propagation is considered and the pile-to-pile interplay is treated with sufficient rigor. The method has been implemented for the seismic analysis of bridge piers founded on piles in multilayered soil; a computer code (SBIAP) has been developed to this end. A parameter study (in both frequency and tune domains) illustrates the capability of the method to predict displacements and accelerations of the superstructure as well as bending moments and shear and axial forces in the piles. The importance …

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Discussions And Replies — State-Of-The-Art, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — State-Of-The-Art, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Author And Discussor Index Volumes I, Ii, Iii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Author And Discussor Index Volumes I, Ii, Iii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Damage To Railway Structures, Fumio Tatsuoka Apr 1995

Damage To Railway Structures, Fumio Tatsuoka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A vast amount of railway structures were seriously damaged, which includes RC frame structures supporting elevated railway tracks, RC station structures, embankments, and retaining walls. A length of underground RC box structures of subways, constructed by the cut-and-cover method, was also seriously damaged.

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Soil Amplification In Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takeji Kokusho, Kiyotaka Sato Apr 1995

Soil Amplification In Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takeji Kokusho, Kiyotaka Sato

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During this earthquake, strong acceleration records were obtained in free fields in many sites in and around the Kobe city. Some of the recording sites consist of multi-level vertical arrays, which demonstrated very peculiar features of seismic amplification in reclaimed lands and Holocene and Pleistocene soil layers. Particularly it has been found that, when the max acceleration at the depth of 80-100m exceeds 200-300 cm/s2, the upper layer will not amplify the acceleration anymore except for the shallowest layer in most case.

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Acceleration Distribution And Fault Location During Kobe Earthquake, T. B. S. Pradhan Apr 1995

Acceleration Distribution And Fault Location During Kobe Earthquake, T. B. S. Pradhan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck Kobe area at 5:46:51 am, on 17th January, 1995. The earthquake was named "South Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake" by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and also named "The great Hanshin Earthquake" by the government. The epicenter of the main shock was located by Kyoto Univ. and Nagoya Univ. to be at latitude 34.641°N, longitude 135.179°E, and depth 13.3km. The seismic intensity at the center of Kobe city was announced to be 7 in Japanese scale (by JMA) which was the highest ever experienced in Japan.

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General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan Apr 1995

General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report —Session Ii: Model Testing In Cyclic Loading, R. Scott Steedman, T. Kokusho, L. Towhata, S. Kramer, G. M. S. Manyando Apr 1995

General Report —Session Ii: Model Testing In Cyclic Loading, R. Scott Steedman, T. Kokusho, L. Towhata, S. Kramer, G. M. S. Manyando

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report —Session V: Soil Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading, A. H. Hadjian, T. Kobori, J. E. Luco, S. A. Savidis, Alex Sy Apr 1995

General Report —Session V: Soil Structure Interaction Under Dynamic Loading, A. H. Hadjian, T. Kobori, J. E. Luco, S. A. Savidis, Alex Sy

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report—Session Vi: Stability Of Slopes And Earth Dams Under Earthquakes, Pedro Simao Seco E Pinto, Leslie Harder, Panos C. Dakoulas, Ashok Chugh, Hiroyuki Watanabe Apr 1995

General Report—Session Vi: Stability Of Slopes And Earth Dams Under Earthquakes, Pedro Simao Seco E Pinto, Leslie Harder, Panos C. Dakoulas, Ashok Chugh, Hiroyuki Watanabe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report— Session Vii: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, Mehmet Celebi, G. R. Saragoni Apr 1995

General Report— Session Vii: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, Mehmet Celebi, G. R. Saragoni

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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