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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering

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Articles 7531 - 7560 of 11478

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Advances In Optics For Biotechnology, Medicine And Surgery, Maryann Fitzmaurice, Brian W. Pogue, Guillermo J. Tearney, James W. Tunnell Jan 2014

Advances In Optics For Biotechnology, Medicine And Surgery, Maryann Fitzmaurice, Brian W. Pogue, Guillermo J. Tearney, James W. Tunnell

Dartmouth Scholarship

The guest editors introduce a Biomedical Optics Express feature issue that includes contributions from participants at the 2013 conference on Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery XIII.


A Glycosaminoglycan Based, Modular Tissue Scaffold System For Rapid Assembly Of Perfusable, High Cell Density, Engineered Tissues, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai-Annamalai, David Randall Armant, Howard W. T Matthew Jan 2014

A Glycosaminoglycan Based, Modular Tissue Scaffold System For Rapid Assembly Of Perfusable, High Cell Density, Engineered Tissues, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai-Annamalai, David Randall Armant, Howard W. T Matthew

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research Publications

The limited ability to vascularize and perfuse thick, cell-laden tissue constructs has hindered efforts to engineer complex tissues and organs, including liver, heart and kidney. The emerging field of modular tissue engineering aims to address this limitation by fabricating constructs from the bottom up, with the objective of recreating native tissue architecture and promoting extensive vascularization. In this paper, we report the elements of a simple yet efficient method for fabricating vascularized tissue constructs by fusing biodegradable microcapsules with tunable interior environments. Parenchymal cells of various types, (i.e. trophoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes) were suspended in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) solutions …


An Imaging-Based Platform For High-Content, Quantitative Evaluation Of Therapeutic Response In 3d Tumour Models, Jonathan P. Celli, Imran Rizvi, Adam R. Blanden, Iqbal Massodi, Iqbal Massodi, Michael D. Glidden, Brian Pogue, Tayyaba Hasan Jan 2014

An Imaging-Based Platform For High-Content, Quantitative Evaluation Of Therapeutic Response In 3d Tumour Models, Jonathan P. Celli, Imran Rizvi, Adam R. Blanden, Iqbal Massodi, Iqbal Massodi, Michael D. Glidden, Brian Pogue, Tayyaba Hasan

Dartmouth Scholarship

While it is increasingly recognized that three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models recapitulate drug responses of human cancers with more fidelity than monolayer cultures, a lack of quantitative analysis methods limit their implementation for reliable and routine assessment of emerging therapies. Here, we introduce an approach based on computational analysis of fluorescence image data to provide high-content readouts of dose-dependent cytotoxicity, growth inhibition, treatment-induced architectural changes and size-dependent response in 3D tumour models. We demonstrate this approach in adherent 3D ovarian and pancreatic multiwell extracellular matrix tumour overlays subjected to a panel of clinically relevant cytotoxic modalities and appropriately designed controls …


High Resolution Cine Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes (Dense) At 3t With Navigator Feedback For Quantification Of Cardiac Mechanics, Gregory J. Wehner, Jonathan D. Suever, Christopher M. Haggerty, Linyuan Jing, David Powell, Xiaodong Zhong, Frederick H. Epstein, Brandon K. Fornwalt Jan 2014

High Resolution Cine Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes (Dense) At 3t With Navigator Feedback For Quantification Of Cardiac Mechanics, Gregory J. Wehner, Jonathan D. Suever, Christopher M. Haggerty, Linyuan Jing, David Powell, Xiaodong Zhong, Frederick H. Epstein, Brandon K. Fornwalt

Biomedical Engineering Presentations

Background: Measures of cardiac mechanics such as myocardial wall strain are better predictors of outcomes in patients with heart disease compared to traditional clinical measures and ejection fraction. Cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) is an ideal method for quantifying cardiac motion which encodes tissue displacement in the phase of the MR signal and provides pixel-level resolution for quantifying cardiac mechanics. To date, DENSE has been implemented with resolution limited to 2-3 pixels across the myocardium. While this resolution is higher than most other techniques for quantifying cardiac mechanics, it may limit the ability of DENSE to quantify finer …


Ranbp9 Overexpression Accelerates Loss Of Pre And Postsynaptic Proteins In The Apδe9 Transgenic Mouse Brain, Hongjie Wang, Ruizhi Wang, Shaohua Xu, Madepalli Krishnappa Lakshmana Jan 2014

Ranbp9 Overexpression Accelerates Loss Of Pre And Postsynaptic Proteins In The Apδe9 Transgenic Mouse Brain, Hongjie Wang, Ruizhi Wang, Shaohua Xu, Madepalli Krishnappa Lakshmana

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

There is now compelling evidence that the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins in synapses. Loss of synaptic proteins and functional synapses in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models of AD is well established. However, what is the earliest age at which such loss of synapses occurs, and whether known markers of AD progression accelerate functional deficits is completely unknown. We previously showed that RanBP9 overexpression leads to robustly increased amyloid β peptide (Aβ) generation leading to enhanced amyloid plaque burden in a mouse model of AD. In this study we compared synaptic protein levels among four …


Quantification Of Transhumeral Prosthetic Socket Residual Limb Interface Movement Using Motion Capture And A Slip Detection Sensor, Matthew Wernke Jan 2014

Quantification Of Transhumeral Prosthetic Socket Residual Limb Interface Movement Using Motion Capture And A Slip Detection Sensor, Matthew Wernke

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Current literature focusing on the prosthetic socket is limited by measurement techniques and modeling assumptions, leading to a limited understanding of the forces and motions occurring between the residual limb and prosthesis and how they can be used to influence socket design and fitting. Prosthetic socket fitting and prescription would benefit from an elegant method for comparing socket designs. This dissertation focuses on the development and implementation of a 3D motion capture model and a Slip Detection Sensor to quantify rotations and translations at the prosthetic socket-residual limb interface. The 3D motion capture model defines the residual limb bone position …


Biomechanical Model For Evaluation Of Pediatric Upper Extremity Joint Dynamics During Wheelchair Mobility, Alyssa J. Schnorenberg, Brooke A. Slavens, Mei Wang, Lawrence Vogel, Peter Smith, Gerald F. Harris Jan 2014

Biomechanical Model For Evaluation Of Pediatric Upper Extremity Joint Dynamics During Wheelchair Mobility, Alyssa J. Schnorenberg, Brooke A. Slavens, Mei Wang, Lawrence Vogel, Peter Smith, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Pediatric manual wheelchair users (MWU) require high joint demands on their upper extremity (UE) during wheelchair mobility, leading them to be at risk of developing pain and pathology. Studies have examined UE biomechanics during wheelchair mobility in the adult population; however, current methods for evaluating UE joint dynamics of pediatric MWU are limited. An inverse dynamics model is proposed to characterize three-dimensional UE joint kinematics and kinetics during pediatric wheelchair mobility using a SmartWheel instrumented handrim system. The bilateral model comprises thorax, clavicle, scapula, upper arm, forearm, and hand segments and includes the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow and wrist joints. …


Function, Structure, And Stability Of Enzymes Confined In Agarose Gels, Prashanth Asuri, Jeffrey Kunkel Jan 2014

Function, Structure, And Stability Of Enzymes Confined In Agarose Gels, Prashanth Asuri, Jeffrey Kunkel

Bioengineering

Research over the past few decades has attempted to answer how proteins behave in molecularly confined or crowded environments when compared to dilute buffer solutions. This information is vital to understanding in vivo protein behavior, as the average spacing between macromolecules in the cell cytosol is much smaller than the size of the macromolecules themselves. In our study, we attempt to address this question using three structurally and functionally different model enzymes encapsulated in agarose gels of different porosities. Our studies reveal that under standard buffer conditions, the initial reaction rates of the agarose-encapsulated enzymes are lower than that of …


Design Of Recombinant Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein For Purification Using Elastin-Like Polypeptide Tag, Joongseok Oh Jan 2014

Design Of Recombinant Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein For Purification Using Elastin-Like Polypeptide Tag, Joongseok Oh

ETD Archive

Fusion protein technologies can aid to improve solubility of recombinant protein from microorganisms and help recombinant protein purification. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as a fusion tag can be utilized to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins because ELP can provide its thermally responsive behavior to ELP tagged proteins. An ELP tag can be used as the purification carrier through inverse transition cycling (ITC), which is a simple and non chromatographic separation process. The purification through ITC can reduce cost and can be quickly performed compared to other purification methods. However, we further considered ELP tag removal because it may possibly hinder …


Human Hair Keratin Protein, Hair Fibers And Hydroxyapatite (Ha) Composite Scaffold For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Samuel Siyum Jan 2014

Human Hair Keratin Protein, Hair Fibers And Hydroxyapatite (Ha) Composite Scaffold For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Samuel Siyum

ETD Archive

The field of tissue engineering aims at promoting the regeneration of tissues or replacement of failing or malfunctioning tissue by means of combining a scaffold material, adequate cells and bioactive molecules. Different materials have been proposed for use as three-dimensional porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering procedures. Among them, polymers of natural origin are one of the most attractive options mainly due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM), chemical versatility as well as typically good biological performance. In this study, two biocompatible composite scaffolds were developed from natural polymer by tissue engineering approach and tested in vitro. The …


Validation Of An Accelerometry Based Method Of Human Gait Analysis, Obinna Nwanna Jan 2014

Validation Of An Accelerometry Based Method Of Human Gait Analysis, Obinna Nwanna

ETD Archive

Gait analysis is the quantification of locomotion. Understanding the science behind the way we move is of interest to a wide variety of fields. Medical professionals might use gait analysis to track the rehabilitation progress of a patient. An engineer may want to design wearable robotics to augment a human operator. Use cases even extend into the sport and entertainment industries. Typically, a gait analysis is performed in a highly specialized laboratory containing cumbersome expensive equipment. The process is tedious and requires specially trained operators. Continued development of small and cheap inertial measurement units (IMUs) over an alternative to current …


A Novel Myoelectric Training Device For Upper Limb Prostheses, Ryan Clingman, Peter Pidcoe Jan 2014

A Novel Myoelectric Training Device For Upper Limb Prostheses, Ryan Clingman, Peter Pidcoe

Biomedical Engineering Publications

A training system intended for myoelectric prosthetic hands for upper limb amputees was developed to assist in learning myoelectric control schemes and training muscle isolation. The trainer allowed a user to operate a remote controlled car by use of a control scheme commonly used in myoelectric prosthetic hands. The trainer was designed to be easy for therapists to use and more engaging for the user than current methods of signal training. Preliminary testing of the trainer was conducted with eight nonamputee adult volunteers. The results indicated that the trainer could be a useful tool for myoelectric training in upper limb …


Impaired Bone Formation In Pdia3 Deficient Mice, Yun Wang, Alexandr Nizkorodov, Kelsie Riemenschneider, Christopher S. D. Lee, Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Zvi Schwartz, Barbara D. Boyan Jan 2014

Impaired Bone Formation In Pdia3 Deficient Mice, Yun Wang, Alexandr Nizkorodov, Kelsie Riemenschneider, Christopher S. D. Lee, Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Zvi Schwartz, Barbara D. Boyan

Biomedical Engineering Publications

1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] is crucial for normal skeletal development and bone homeostasis. Protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3 (PDIA3) mediates 1α,25(OH)2D3initiated-rapid membrane signaling in several cell types. To understand its role in regulating skeletal development, we generated Pdia3-deficient mice and examined the physiologic consequence of Pdia3-disruption in embryos and Pdia3+/− heterozygotes at different ages. No mice homozygous for the Pdia3-deletion were found at birth nor were there embryos after E12.5, indicating that targeted disruption of the Pdia3 gene resulted in early embryonic lethality.Pdia3-deficiency also resulted in skeletal manifestations as revealed by µCT analysis …


Rock Inhibitor Is Not Required For Embryoid Body Formation From Singularized Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Giuseppe Pettinato, Wendy S. Vanden Berg-Foels, Ning Zhang, Xuejun Wen Jan 2014

Rock Inhibitor Is Not Required For Embryoid Body Formation From Singularized Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Giuseppe Pettinato, Wendy S. Vanden Berg-Foels, Ning Zhang, Xuejun Wen

Biomedical Engineering Publications

We report a technology to form human embryoid bodies (hEBs) from singularized human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) without the use of the p160 rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) or centrifugation (spin). hEB formation was tested under four conditions: +ROCKi/+spin, +ROCKi/-spin, -ROCKi/+spin, and -ROCKi/-spin. Cell suspensions of BG01V/hOG and H9 hESC lines were pipetted into non-adherent hydrogel substrates containing defined microwell arrays. hEBs of consistent size and spherical geometry can be formed in each of the four conditions, including the -ROCKi/-spin condition. The hEBs formed under the -ROCKi/-spin condition differentiated to develop the three embryonic germ layers and tissues derived from …


From Cardiac Optical Imaging Data To Body Surface Ecg: A Three Dimensional Ventricle Model, Yihua Zhao Jan 2014

From Cardiac Optical Imaging Data To Body Surface Ecg: A Three Dimensional Ventricle Model, Yihua Zhao

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Understanding the mechanisms behind unexplained abnormal heart rhythms is important for diagnosis and prevention of arrhythmias. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels. There is considerable information available from tissue level experiments that investigate local action potential properties and from optical imaging to observe activity propagation properties at an organ level. By combining those electrophysiological properties together, in the present study we developed a simulation model that can help in estimation of the resulting body surface potentials from a specific electrical activity pattern within the myocardium. Some of the potential uses of our model …


The Influence Of Partial And Full Thickness Tears On Infraspinatus Tendon Strain Patterns, Kayt E. Frisch, David Marcu, Geoffrey S. Baer, Darryl G. Thelen, Ray Vanderby Jan 2014

The Influence Of Partial And Full Thickness Tears On Infraspinatus Tendon Strain Patterns, Kayt E. Frisch, David Marcu, Geoffrey S. Baer, Darryl G. Thelen, Ray Vanderby

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Tears on the bursal and articular sides of the rotator cuff tendons are known to behave differently and strain is thought to play a role in this difference. This study investigates the effect of tear location on the changes in three strain measurements (grip-to-grip, insertion, and mid-substance tissue) in a sheep infraspinatus tendon model during axial loading. We introduced a 14mm wide defect near the insertion from either the articular or bursal side of the tendon to three depths (3 mm, 7mm & full) progressively. For each condition, tendons were sinusoidally stretched (4% at 0.5 Hz) while insertion and midsubstance …


Heavy Element Doping For Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties Of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide, Priyanka Jood, Rutvik J. Mehta, Yanliang Zhang, Theo Borca-Tasciuc, Shi Xue Dou, David J. Singh, Ganpati Ramanath Jan 2014

Heavy Element Doping For Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties Of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide, Priyanka Jood, Rutvik J. Mehta, Yanliang Zhang, Theo Borca-Tasciuc, Shi Xue Dou, David J. Singh, Ganpati Ramanath

Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

ZnO is a high melting point, high charge carrier mobility semiconductor with potential as a thermoelectric material, but its high thermal conductivity κ is the limiting factor for increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. Here, we demonstrate that doping ZnO with heavy elements can significantly enhance ZT. Indium doping leads to ultralow κ 3 W m−1 K−1 and a high power factor α2σ 1.230 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2, yielding ZT1000K 0.45 that is 80% higher than non-nanostructured In–Zn–O alloys. Although Bi doping also yields a high Seebeck coefficient of …


The Regulation Of The Eight-Exon Isoform Of The Coxsackievirus And Adenovirus Receptor (CarEx8) And Its Biological Relevance, Poornima Kotha Lakshmi Narayan Jan 2014

The Regulation Of The Eight-Exon Isoform Of The Coxsackievirus And Adenovirus Receptor (CarEx8) And Its Biological Relevance, Poornima Kotha Lakshmi Narayan

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The airway epithelium poses a formidable barrier for the entry of pathogenic viruses due to the formation of tight junctions between adjacent epithelial cells. The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a member of the Ig superfamily of cell junction adhesion proteins, is the primary receptor for adenovirus entry and infection. As a result of alternative splicing, two transmembrane isoforms of CAR are generated. While the seven-exon isoform of CAR (CAREX7) is hidden on the basolateral surface of polarized epithelia, the eight-exon isoform of CAR (CAREX8) localizes within the sub-apical region and at the air-exposed apical surface. …


Head Impact Exposure In Male And Female Collegiate Ice Hockey Players, Bethany J. Wilcox, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Richard M. Greenwald, Jeffrey J. Chu, Thomas W. Mcallister, Laura A. Flashman, Arthur C. Maerlender, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Joseph J. Crisco Jan 2014

Head Impact Exposure In Male And Female Collegiate Ice Hockey Players, Bethany J. Wilcox, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Richard M. Greenwald, Jeffrey J. Chu, Thomas W. Mcallister, Laura A. Flashman, Arthur C. Maerlender, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Joseph J. Crisco

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to quantify head impact exposure (frequency, location and magnitude of head impacts) for individual male and female collegiate ice hockey players and to investigate differences in exposure by sex, player position, session type, and team. Ninety-nine (41 male, 58 female) players were enrolled and 37,411 impacts were recorded over three seasons. Frequency of impacts varied significantly by sex (males: 287 per season, females: 170, p < 0.001) and helmet impact location (p < 0.001) but not by player position (p = 0.088). Head impact frequency also varied by session type; both male and female players sustained more impacts in games than in practices (p < 0.001), however the magnitude of impacts did not differ between session types. There was no difference in 95th percentile peak linear acceleration between sexes (males: 41.6 g, females: 40.8 g), but 95th percentile peak rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were greater for males than females (4424, 3409 rad/s2, and 25.6, 22.3, respectively). Impacts to the back of the helmet resulted in the greatest 95th percentile peak linear accelerations for males (45.2 g) and females (50.4 g), while impacts to the side and back of the head were associated with the greatest 95th percentile peak rotational accelerations (males: 4719, 4256 rad/sec2, females: 3567, 3784 rad/sec2, respectively). It has been proposed that reducing an individual’s head impact exposure is a practical approach for reducing the risk of …


Microsphere Spray System For Wound Coverage, Nicholas J. Andersen Jan 2014

Microsphere Spray System For Wound Coverage, Nicholas J. Andersen

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Spinal fusion is used to treat diseases or disorders of the spine by fusing together two or more vertebrae. Two associated risks with spinal fusion are infection and blood loss. Administration of tranexamic acid is used to prevent blood loss, and transfusions are given following blood loss. Surgical site infections are prevented with vancomycin powder spread into the surgical wound, while established infections are treated by debridement and delivery of antibiotics for 4 to 6 weeks. The present research explored an alternate method to prevent and treat blood loss or infection in spinal fusion. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres was used …


Multifunctional Skin-Like Electronics For Quantitative, Clinical Monitoring Of Cutaneous Wound Healing, Yoshiaki Hattori, Leo Falgout, Woosik Lee, Sung-Young Jung, Emily Poon, Jung Woo Lee, Ilyoun Na, Amelia Geisler, Divya Sadhwani, Yihui Zhang, Yewang Su, Xiaoqi Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Jing Xia, Huanyu Cheng, R. Chad Webb, Andrew P. Bonifas, Philip Won, Jae-Woong Jeong, Kyung-In Jang, Young Min Song, Beatrice Nardone, Michael Nodzenski, Jonathan A. Fan, Yonggang Huang, Dennis P. West, Amy S. Paller, Murad Alam, Woon-Hong Yeo, John. A. Rogers Jan 2014

Multifunctional Skin-Like Electronics For Quantitative, Clinical Monitoring Of Cutaneous Wound Healing, Yoshiaki Hattori, Leo Falgout, Woosik Lee, Sung-Young Jung, Emily Poon, Jung Woo Lee, Ilyoun Na, Amelia Geisler, Divya Sadhwani, Yihui Zhang, Yewang Su, Xiaoqi Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Jing Xia, Huanyu Cheng, R. Chad Webb, Andrew P. Bonifas, Philip Won, Jae-Woong Jeong, Kyung-In Jang, Young Min Song, Beatrice Nardone, Michael Nodzenski, Jonathan A. Fan, Yonggang Huang, Dennis P. West, Amy S. Paller, Murad Alam, Woon-Hong Yeo, John. A. Rogers

Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Publications

Non-invasive, biomedical devices have the potential to provide important, quantitative data for the assessment of skin diseases and wound healing. Traditional methods either rely on qualitative visual and tactile judgments of a professional and/or data obtained using instrumentation with forms that do not readily allow intimate integration with sensitive skin near a wound site. Here, an electronic sensor platform that can softly and reversibly laminate perilesionally at wounds to provide highly accurate, quantitative data of relevance to the management of surgical wound healing is reported. Clinical studies on patients using thermal sensors and actuators in fractal layouts provide precise time-dependent …


Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy Jan 2014

Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy

ETD Archive

In this work, a set of fifteen thermodynamic properties for thirty pure compounds has been estimated using fundamental equations of state (FEOS). A computer program was written which allows to input any two of four fundamental thermodynamic properties entropy, pressure, temperature and density to fix a state point and then use the FEOS to generate any other property at that given state. The program further applies the FEOS to trace thermodynamic processes like isochoric, isobaric, isenthalpic, isothermal and isentropic state changes to find the final state of the compound. The program subsequently displays the initial, final and intermediate state points …


Detection Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Support Vector Machines In Multi-Parametric Quantitative Mr Imaging., Diego Cantor-Rivera, Ali R Khan, Maged Goubran, Seyed M Mirsattari, Terry M Peters Jan 2014

Detection Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Support Vector Machines In Multi-Parametric Quantitative Mr Imaging., Diego Cantor-Rivera, Ali R Khan, Maged Goubran, Seyed M Mirsattari, Terry M Peters

Robarts Imaging Publications

The detection of MRI abnormalities that can be associated to seizures in the study of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a challenging task. In many cases, patients with a record of epileptic activity do not present any discernible MRI findings. In this domain, we propose a method that combines quantitative relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with support vector machines (SVM) aiming to improve TLE detection. The main contribution of this work is two-fold: on one hand, the feature selection process, principal component analysis (PCA) transformations of the feature space, and SVM parameterization are analyzed as factors constituting a classification …


Potential Optimal Gait Performance Of Mauch S-N-S Prosthetic Knee Configurations As Predicted By Dynamic Modeling, Chih-Hao Chien Jan 2014

Potential Optimal Gait Performance Of Mauch S-N-S Prosthetic Knee Configurations As Predicted By Dynamic Modeling, Chih-Hao Chien

ETD Archive

Patients with prosthetic legs routinely suffer from abnormal gait patterns which can cause health issues and eventually lower the quality of their lives. Despite the half-century advance in the technology of prosthetic knees, from the purely mechanical to microprocessor controlled systems, patient testing suggests that very little progress has been made in the quality of the kinetics and kinematics of amputee gait. Moreover, the cost of microprocessor controlled prosthetic knees may be 10 times more than the purely mechanical knees. While prosthetic knees have become more complex and expensive, it is not proven that the prosthetic knee is a central …


Mineral Uptake Rates And Yield Coefficients Of The Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Grace N. Mahfouz Jan 2014

Mineral Uptake Rates And Yield Coefficients Of The Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Grace N. Mahfouz

ETD Archive

The need for renewable sources of energy has become critical as fossil fuel resources, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are known to contribute to climate change and will eventually be depleted. Biofuels that originate from the fat of plants, animals, microalgae, and bacteria are an attractive alternative. Microalgae, in particular, are strong candidates for biofuel production since they have a high growth rate and lipid content (up to 50 in some species). The goal of this research was to optimize 3N-BBM+V recipe (Bold Basal Medium with 3-fold Nitrogen and Vitamins) in an effort of reducing the amount of …


Evolutionary Optimization Of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnostic Algorithms, Aref Smiley Jan 2014

Evolutionary Optimization Of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnostic Algorithms, Aref Smiley

ETD Archive

The goal of this research is to introduce an improved method for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF). The foundation of our algorithm is the irregularity of the RR intervals in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and their correlation with AF. Three statistical techniques, including root mean squares of successive differences (RMSSD), turning points ratio (TPR), and Shannon entropy (SE), are used to detect RR interval irregularity. We use the Massachusetts Institution of Technology / Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) atrial fibrillation databases and their annotations to tune the parameters of the statistical methods by biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is an evolutionary optimization algorithm. …


A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran Jan 2014

A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran

ETD Archive

Oxygen is used in a variety of chemical processes and for medical purposes throughout the world. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) has become a viable alternative to cryogenic distillation for the separation of oxygen from air with the development of advanced adsorbents like zeolites. PSA processes are inherently complex because it is a dynamic process. Efficient operation of a PSA process is necessary in order to utilize the capacity of the adsorbent as much as possible and reduce the power requirements of the process.In this thesis, a novel zeolite adsorbent was utilized in a PSA process for oxygen generation with the …


Benefits Of Nitric Oxide Cues To Matrix Synthesis By Healthy And Aneurysmal Human Smooth Muscle Cells Within 3d Cocultures, Phillip Simmers Jan 2014

Benefits Of Nitric Oxide Cues To Matrix Synthesis By Healthy And Aneurysmal Human Smooth Muscle Cells Within 3d Cocultures, Phillip Simmers

ETD Archive

Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are characterized by the over-proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the vessel wall, leading to compromise in cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling pathways. Recent tissue engineering approaches to regulate SMC over-proliferation and enhance healthy ECM synthesis showed promise, but resulted in low crosslinking efficiency and matrix deposition yields. In this study, the benefits of exogenous nitric oxide cues, delivered from S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), to cell proliferation and matrix deposition by adult human aortic SMCs (HA-SMCs) within 3D biomimetic cultures have been explored. The first experiment …


Effects Of Environmental Heavy Metals On Neural Stem Cell Survival And Differentiation, Sameera S. Clev Tasneem Jan 2014

Effects Of Environmental Heavy Metals On Neural Stem Cell Survival And Differentiation, Sameera S. Clev Tasneem

ETD Archive

No abstract provided.


Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song Jan 2014

Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song

Wayne State University Dissertations

Failure of osseointegration (direct anchorage of an implant by bone formation at the bone-implant surface) and implant infection (such as that caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) are the two main causes of implant failure and loosening. There is a critical need for orthopedic implants that promote rapid osseointegration and prevent bacterial colonization, particularly when placed in bone compromised by disease or physiology of the patients. A better understanding of the key factors that influence cell fate decisions at the bone-implant interface is required. Our study is to develop a class of "bone-like" nanofibers (NFs) that promote osseointegration while preventing …