Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Science and Mathematics Education Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (3526)
- University of Northern Iowa (984)
- Taylor University (470)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (379)
- Claremont Colleges (344)
-
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (154)
- University of South Florida (113)
- Ursinus College (56)
- Old Dominion University (55)
- Bemidji State University (42)
- Nova Southeastern University (42)
- Chapman University (40)
- Portland State University (33)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (31)
- Kennesaw State University (29)
- Ateneo de Manila University (28)
- San Jose State University (26)
- Central Washington University (25)
- Western Michigan University (25)
- Illinois State University (21)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (21)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (19)
- Illinois Math and Science Academy (19)
- Loyola University Chicago (19)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology (19)
- Purdue University (17)
- Sacred Heart University (15)
- University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well (15)
- Utah State University (15)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (14)
- Keyword
-
- Mathematics (115)
- Education (83)
- Iowa Academy of Science--Periodicals; Science--Iowa--Periodicals; (60)
- Iowa Academy of Science--Congresses; Science--Iowa--Congresses; (57)
- STEM (54)
-
- Assessment (43)
- Iowa (42)
- Teaching (39)
- Math (38)
- Quantitative literacy (38)
- Mathematics education (37)
- Physics (35)
- Statistics (35)
- Science (33)
- Iowa Academy of Science--Periodicals; Iowa Academy of Science--Directories; (31)
- Chemistry (30)
- Technology (30)
- 1957 (29)
- Undergraduate students (29)
- Pedagogy (27)
- Science education (27)
- College seniors (26)
- Equity (26)
- Learning (26)
- Science projects (26)
- Classroom practice (24)
- "Iowa Academy of Science--Congresses; Science--Iowa--Congresses;" (23)
- Curriculum (22)
- High school (22)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (3397)
- Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS (701)
- Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations (376)
- Iowa Academy of Science Documents (197)
- Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal (170)
-
- Numeracy (100)
- Journal of Humanistic Mathematics (74)
- CODEE Journal (71)
- New Bulletin (35)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2005 (34)
- Mathematics Graduate Theses (34)
- Department of Mathematics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (33)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2013 (30)
- Mathematics Faculty Publications (29)
- Reports (PLI Education) (29)
- Scientific Communication News (28)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2003 (27)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2011 (26)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2019 (26)
- Fred and Harriet Cox Senior Design Competition Projects (26)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 1999 (25)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2009 (25)
- IAS Bulletin (25)
- Publications and Research (24)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2007 (23)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2015 (23)
- Oliver Ranch Project (23)
- Physics Faculty Publications (23)
- ACMS Conference Proceedings 2017 (22)
- ACMS Journal 2004 (22)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 961 - 990 of 7069
Full-Text Articles in Science and Mathematics Education
It’S Raining : Remotely Accessible Instruments In Nanotechnology To Promote Student Success, Jared M. Ashcroft, Atilla Ozgur Cakmak, Jillian Blatti, Esteban Bautista, Vanessa Wolf, Felix Monge, Dwaine Davis, M. Josefina Arellano-Jimenez, Raymond Tsui, Richard Hill, Anthony Klejna, James S. Smith, Gabe Glass, Timothy Suchomski, Kristine J. Schroeder, Robert K. Ehrmann
It’S Raining : Remotely Accessible Instruments In Nanotechnology To Promote Student Success, Jared M. Ashcroft, Atilla Ozgur Cakmak, Jillian Blatti, Esteban Bautista, Vanessa Wolf, Felix Monge, Dwaine Davis, M. Josefina Arellano-Jimenez, Raymond Tsui, Richard Hill, Anthony Klejna, James S. Smith, Gabe Glass, Timothy Suchomski, Kristine J. Schroeder, Robert K. Ehrmann
Current Issues in Emerging eLearning
Remotely Accessible Instruments in Nanotechnology (RAIN) is a community of educators that aims to bring advanced technologies into K-12 and college classrooms via remote access. RAIN's mission is to facilitate the study of nanoscale science by lowering barriers for instructors to deliver relevant educational activities for younger students interested in learning about nanotechnology across traditional STEM fields. Additionally, RAIN engages the next generation STEM workforce with a connection to experts, tools and institutions where cutting-edge research is being performed. This resource is particularly vital for underrepresented and minority students, especially those attending institutions that cannot provide on-site access to advanced …
Investigating Secondary Students Beliefs About Mathematical Problem-Solving, Mark Prendergast, Cormac Breen, Aibhin Bray, Fiona Faulkner, Brian Carroll, Dominic Quinn
Investigating Secondary Students Beliefs About Mathematical Problem-Solving, Mark Prendergast, Cormac Breen, Aibhin Bray, Fiona Faulkner, Brian Carroll, Dominic Quinn
Articles
Many studies over the past thirty years have highlighted the important role of students’ beliefs for successful problem solving in mathematics. Given the recent emphasis afforded to problem solving on the reformed Irish secondary school mathematics curriculum, the main aim of this study was to identify Irish students’ (n = 975) beliefs about the field. A quantitative measure of these beliefs was attained through the use of the Indiana Mathematical Belief Scale, an existing thirty item (five scale) self-report questionnaire. A statistical analysis of the data revealed that students who were further through their secondary education had a stronger belief …
Fossils On The Floor In The Nebraska State Capitol: A Coloring And Activities Book, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.
Fossils On The Floor In The Nebraska State Capitol: A Coloring And Activities Book, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.
Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications
The Nebraska State Capitol is a wonderful place. This building is home to great treasures of art owned by the people of Nebraska. The floor of the Capitol Rotunda has beautiful works of art. Maybe you have seen this art. Small pieces of two kinds of rocks make pictures of people, their tools, the natural resources they used, and pictures of fossil animals and plants. These kinds of pictures are called mosaics [moe ZAY icks]. The animals and plants follow one another in a curved ribbon around the floor. In that ribbon of pictures are many kinds of fossil animals …
Solutions For Fermi Questions, March 2018: Question 1: Air Pressure On Waves; Question 2: Weight Of Toner, Larry Weinstein
Solutions For Fermi Questions, March 2018: Question 1: Air Pressure On Waves; Question 2: Weight Of Toner, Larry Weinstein
Physics Faculty Publications
The article presents questions on the difference in air pressure at the crest and trough of ocean waves because of the Bernoulli effect and the difference in weight between a 100-page printed document and 100 blank pages.
Fermi Questions, Question 1: Air Pressure On Waves; Question 2: Weight Of Toner, Larry Weinstein
Fermi Questions, Question 1: Air Pressure On Waves; Question 2: Weight Of Toner, Larry Weinstein
Physics Faculty Publications
The article presents questions on the difference in air pressure at the crest and trough of ocean waves because of the Bernoulli effect and the difference in weight between a 100-page printed document and 100 blank pages.
On The Use Of Semantic-Based Aig To Automatically Generate Programming Exercises, Laura Zavala, Benito Mendoza
On The Use Of Semantic-Based Aig To Automatically Generate Programming Exercises, Laura Zavala, Benito Mendoza
Publications and Research
In introductory programming courses, proficiency is typically achieved through substantial practice in the form of relatively small assignments and quizzes. Unfortunately, creating programming assignments and quizzes is both, time-consuming and error-prone. We use Automatic Item Generation (AIG) in order to address the problem of creating numerous programming exercises that can be used for assignments or quizzes in introductory programming courses. AIG is based on the use of test-item templates with embedded variables and formulas which are resolved by a computer program with actual values to generate test-items. Thus, hundreds or even thousands of test-items can be generated with a single …
Cs As A Graduation Requirement: Catalyst For Systemic Change, Lucia Dettori, Ronald I. Greenberg, Steven Mcgee, Dale Reed, Brenda Wilkerson, Don Yanek
Cs As A Graduation Requirement: Catalyst For Systemic Change, Lucia Dettori, Ronald I. Greenberg, Steven Mcgee, Dale Reed, Brenda Wilkerson, Don Yanek
Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Since President Obama's announcement of the Computer Science for All Initiative in 2016, there has been a surge in the number of districts that are planning for or newly implementing computer science (CS) offerings at their schools. Chicago Public Schools (CPS) is the first large school district to have adopted Computer Science as a high school graduation requirement, taking this significant step along the path towards systemic change. The foundation was laid eight years ago when an informal alliance was formed between a CPS high school CS teacher, a CPS administrator, and three university computer scientists.
Equal Outcomes 4 All: A Study Of Student Learning In Ecs, Steven Mcgee, Randi Mcgee-Tekula, Jennifer Duck, Catherine Mcgee, Lucia Dettori, Ronald I. Greenberg, Eric Snow, Daisy Rutstein, Dale Reed, Brenda Wilkerson, Don Yanek, Andrew M. Rasmussen, Dennis Brylow
Equal Outcomes 4 All: A Study Of Student Learning In Ecs, Steven Mcgee, Randi Mcgee-Tekula, Jennifer Duck, Catherine Mcgee, Lucia Dettori, Ronald I. Greenberg, Eric Snow, Daisy Rutstein, Dale Reed, Brenda Wilkerson, Don Yanek, Andrew M. Rasmussen, Dennis Brylow
Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works
This study investigated patterns in the development of computational thinking practices in the context of the Exploring Computer Science (ECS) program, a high school introductory CS course and professional development program designed to foster deep engagement through equitable inquiry around CS concepts. Past research indicates that the personal relevance of the ECS experience influences students’ expectancy-value towards computer science. Expectancy-value is a construct that is predictive of career choices. We extended our research to examine whether expectancy-value influences the development of computational thinking practices. This study took place in the context of two ECS implementation projects across two states. Twenty …
Using The Real-Time Instructor Observing Tool (Riot) For Reflection On Teaching Practice, Cassandra Paul, Emily West
Using The Real-Time Instructor Observing Tool (Riot) For Reflection On Teaching Practice, Cassandra Paul, Emily West
Faculty Publications
As physics educators, we are constantly looking for ways to improve our practice. There are many different kinds of professional development opportunities that have been shown to help us with this endeavor. We can seek assistance from professionals, like mentor teachers or centers for faculty development, we can attend workshops to learn new curricula or pedagogical skills, and we can engage in learning communities to develop shared visions and become more reflective educators.1However, when these activities end, what can we do on our own to continue to improve? How can we track our improvement? And perhaps even most …
Models As Weapons: Review Of Weapons Of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality And Threatens Democracy By Cathy O’Neil (2016), Samuel L. Tunstall
Models As Weapons: Review Of Weapons Of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality And Threatens Democracy By Cathy O’Neil (2016), Samuel L. Tunstall
Numeracy
Cathy O’Neil. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy (New York, NY: Crown) 272 pp. ISBN 978-0553418811.
Accessible to a wide readership, Cathy O’Neil’s Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy provides a lucid yet alarming account of the extensive reach of mathematical models in influencing all of our lives. With a particular eye towards social justice, O’Neil not only warns modelers to be cognizant of the effects of their work on real people—especially vulnerable groups who have less power to fight back—but also encourages laypersons to take initiative …
Why I Believe People Need Painting By Numbers, Jason Makansi
Why I Believe People Need Painting By Numbers, Jason Makansi
Numeracy
Jason Makansi.2016. Painting By Numbers: How to Sharpen Your BS Detector and Smoke Out the Experts (Tucson AZ: Layla Dog Press). 196 pp. ISBN 978-0998425900.
This piece briefly introduces my Painting By Numbers, which aims to take the core messages of the QL/QR community from academic and professional circles to the rest of the citizenry. I describe the book in the context of the critical need for the most basic numeracy tools to help consumers of news, information, and analysis—delivered through traditional and contemporary social media outlets—determine where a reported numerical result lies on the scale from utter nonsense …
Quantitative Map Literacy: A Cross Between Map Literacy And Quantitative Literacy, Ming Xie, H. L. Vacher, Steven Reader, Elizabeth Walton
Quantitative Map Literacy: A Cross Between Map Literacy And Quantitative Literacy, Ming Xie, H. L. Vacher, Steven Reader, Elizabeth Walton
Numeracy
We define quantitative map literacy (QML), a cross between map literacy and quantitative literacy (QL), as the concepts and skills required to accurately read, use, interpret, and understand the quantitative information embedded in a geospatial representation of data on a geographic background. Long used as tools in technical geographic fields, maps are now a common vehicle for communicating quantitative information to the public. As such, QML has potential to stand alongside health numeracy and financial literacy as an identifiable subdomain of transdisciplinary QL.
What concepts and skills are crucial for QML? The obvious answer is, “It depends on the type …
Perturbations Observed In The Orbital Elements Of The Spectroscopic Binary 57 Cygni, Kenneth W. Mclaughlin, Janak Panthi
Perturbations Observed In The Orbital Elements Of The Spectroscopic Binary 57 Cygni, Kenneth W. Mclaughlin, Janak Panthi
Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS
We present spectroscopy that confirms periodic Doppler-shifts along with photometry that reinforces a lack of eclipsing in the double-lined spectroscopic binary 57 Cygni. Our spectroscopy concentrates on a range encompassing H-alpha and the helium 667.8 nm line, where we find Doppler-shifts of both stars resolved in the helium line but less so in the broader H-alpha profile. Although we find the radial velocities derived from both lines reasonably consistent, we retained only the helium-line derived velocities for sinusoidal curve-fits to the orbital dependence. The fit-amplitudes specify the ratio of the stellar masses as 1.03 ± 0.05, in agreement with previous …
Chemists Atwitter, Raychelle Burks, Stephani Page, Kiyomi D. Deards, Joan Barnes
Chemists Atwitter, Raychelle Burks, Stephani Page, Kiyomi D. Deards, Joan Barnes
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications
Twitter can be used to promote chemists, their work, and their events to other scientists and the general public. From checklists to timelines; how to use Twitter successfully as an individual or institution is discussed. This chapter includes: examples of how the authors have used Twitter, how to find and use common subject tags, tags most used when Tweeting about chemistry and science, and a discussion about measuring success. Knowing when and how to Tweet will help chemists communicate successfully with their peers and the general public in 280 characters or less.
Model Ai Assignments 2018, Todd W. Neller, Zack Butler, Nate Derbinsky, Heidi Furey, Fred Martin, Michael Guerzhoy, Ariel Anders, Joshua Eckroth
Model Ai Assignments 2018, Todd W. Neller, Zack Butler, Nate Derbinsky, Heidi Furey, Fred Martin, Michael Guerzhoy, Ariel Anders, Joshua Eckroth
Computer Science Faculty Publications
The Model AI Assignments session seeks to gather and disseminate the best assignment designs of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Education community. Recognizing that assignments form the core of student learning experience, we here present abstracts of seven AI assignments from the 2018 session that are easily adoptable, playfully engaging, and flexible for a variety of instructor needs. Assignment specifications and supporting resources may be found at http://modelai.gettysburg.edu.
Test 2190: Case Ih Farmall 50a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2190: Case Ih Farmall 50a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Nsu Ed.S. In Mathematics Education 2018, Nova Southeastern University
Nsu Ed.S. In Mathematics Education 2018, Nova Southeastern University
Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice College Archive
No abstract provided.
Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2018, 138th Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting
Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings
Program
Aeronautics and Space Science
Collegiate Academy: Biology
Biological and Medical Sciences
Chemistry and Physics>/p>
Collegiate Academy: Chemistry and Physics
Learn to Print 3-D Models for Your Classroom Workshop
Aeronautics and Space Science Poster Session
Maiben Memorial Lecture: Thomas Clemente
Anthropology
Applied Science and Technology
Earth Science
Environmental Sciences
Teaching of Science and Mathematics
Friend of Science Award: Mary Kalen Romjue and Michael Sibbernsen
Students’ Interpretations Of Categorical Data Using Dynamic Graphical Representations, Adam Eide
Students’ Interpretations Of Categorical Data Using Dynamic Graphical Representations, Adam Eide
Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Statistical association is an important concept in statistics. An exploratory study examined how students reason about statistical association utilizing graphical representations constructed with CODAP, a dynamic statistical graphing software. Task-based interviews were conducted with three 6th grade students prior to formal instruction. Students’ conceptions of a statistical relationship, proportional reasoning skill level, ability to interpret bivariate categorical graphs (particularly segmented bar graphs and two-way binned plots), and ability to identify association of two categorical variables were all investigated through interview tasks and responses to inquiry. Students were found to have developing proportional reasoning skills and struggled to correctly define and …
Test 2206: Challenger Mt740, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2206: Challenger Mt740, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2204: John Deere 5090m, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2204: John Deere 5090m, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2201: John Deere 6195r Autoquad-Plus, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2201: John Deere 6195r Autoquad-Plus, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2199a: New Holland Workmaster 60, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2199a: New Holland Workmaster 60, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2203: John Deere 9420rx, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2203: John Deere 9420rx, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2198: John Deere 5125r Pfc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2198: John Deere 5125r Pfc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2195: John Deere 5115r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2195: John Deere 5115r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2199: Case Ih Farmall 60a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2199: Case Ih Farmall 60a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2193: John Deere 5100r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2193: John Deere 5100r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …
Test 2191: John Deere 5090r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Test 2191: John Deere 5090r Oc, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab
Nebraska Tractor Tests
ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …