Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 22526

Full-Text Articles in Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research

Evaluating The Impact Of Research Equipment Availability On Scientific Rigor, Reproducibility, And Innovation Across Stem Disciplines, Lyndi G. Hraban Dec 2026

Evaluating The Impact Of Research Equipment Availability On Scientific Rigor, Reproducibility, And Innovation Across Stem Disciplines, Lyndi G. Hraban

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Research infrastructure plays a central role in shaping the quality and innovative capacity of scientific research. This study evaluates how the availability of research equipment influences scientific rigor, reproducibility, and innovation across STEM disciplines. Drawing on literature from science-to-science research, policy studies, and discipline-specific analyses, this project synthesizes existing scholarship to explore the relationship between access to infrastructure and key research outcomes. Findings across the literature indicate that access to advanced and well-maintained equipment can strengthen scientific rigor by enabling more precise measurements, improved experimental control, and the implementation of standardized research protocols. Shared and centralized facilities are also associated …


When The Bridge Is Not At Sea : Investigating Transfer Of Learning From Full-Mission Bridge Simulator To Navigation Training Onboard, Thammawan Phanphichit Nov 2026

When The Bridge Is Not At Sea : Investigating Transfer Of Learning From Full-Mission Bridge Simulator To Navigation Training Onboard, Thammawan Phanphichit

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

This dissertation explores, through a mixed-methods approach, how fullmission bridge simulators support transfer of learning to navigation training onboard, and under what conditions transfer can be trusted. Qualitative and quantitative components were integrated across the four articles. The first study explores how key onboard training stakeholders perceive its challenges, limitations, and the possibility of reducing required sea-time. Findings show broad agreement that OBT remains important, though openness to simulator use was conditional on credible evidence that simulator-developed competence can transfer onboard. The second and third studies examine this through transfer of learning theory. A systematic review identifies elements influencing transfer …


Towards The Efforts Of Research Quality Improvement In India, Prof. Mohd. Ahsan, Dr. Naushad Husain Oct 2026

Towards The Efforts Of Research Quality Improvement In India, Prof. Mohd. Ahsan, Dr. Naushad Husain

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

Education is considered the backbone of any country, and research plays an analogous role for any education system. If we intend to develop our country, we should revive our education system, and for this drive, we have to relook at and improve the academic research carried out in our higher education system in general, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in particular. Though India is excelling in the field of research in terms of quantity, the numbers are not at par with the developed countries like the US, China, Germany, the UK, Japan, etc. In the process of this quantitative …


State Of Illinois Model Programs Of Study Overview Guide, Education Systems Center Oct 2026

State Of Illinois Model Programs Of Study Overview Guide, Education Systems Center

Reports, Analyses, and other Publications

This guide provides foundational information that underpins all of the State of Illinois Model Programs of Study Guides, including their purpose, intended audiences, key terminology, the development process for identifying high-priority occupations and credentials, cross-sector competencies, the work-based learning continuum, and how to implement the guides.


Recovering And Reclaiming Black Histories: Integrating Historical Perspectives In Teaching And Research Oct 2026

Recovering And Reclaiming Black Histories: Integrating Historical Perspectives In Teaching And Research

Occasional Paper Series

No abstract provided.


(Re)Membering As Resistance: Learning From My Grandma’S Story In A Time Of Historical Erasure, Akilah K. Lyons-Moore Oct 2026

(Re)Membering As Resistance: Learning From My Grandma’S Story In A Time Of Historical Erasure, Akilah K. Lyons-Moore

Occasional Paper Series

In the current moment of historical erasure—marked by book bans, curricular restrictions, and political efforts to sanitize discussions of race—(re)membering becomes a pedagogical imperative. Drawing on Morrison’s (1987) articulation of (re)membering and Black feminist theories of memory (Collins, 2000; Hartman, 2008; hooks, 1994), this paper uses narrative inquiry to trace the intergenerational educational journeys of a Black rural Southern woman born in 1914 and her granddaughter, a contemporary teacher educator. Through autobiography and lived experience, this paper examines how personal and communal histories counter disremembering (Trouillot, 1995) and the politics of being forgotten. By weaving together these two lives—rooted in …


Beyond The Chalkboard: Black Oral Traditions And The Kitchen Table As Pedagogy, Gerald D. Smith Jr Oct 2026

Beyond The Chalkboard: Black Oral Traditions And The Kitchen Table As Pedagogy, Gerald D. Smith Jr

Occasional Paper Series

This article positions the kitchen table as a vital pedagogical archive within Black educational history. Drawing on the work of various Black scholars, it argues that domestic spaces—kitchen tables, living rooms, basements, and barbershops have long functioned as fugitive classrooms where Black communities cultivated knowledge, identity, and political consciousness beyond the constraints of formal schooling. Using Carrie Mae Weems’ Kitchen Table Series as a central metaphor, the article traces how oral traditions, storytelling, and community dialogue preserved Black intellectual traditions during eras of segregation, educator displacement, and systemic erasure throughout history. Highlighting Black feminist educators such as Anna Julia Cooper, …


Voices From The Atrato: Reclaiming Afrocolombian Education From The Riverbank, Siris Sulay Mena-Rivera, Karen Chaverra-Mosquera, Maure Aguirre Ortega Oct 2026

Voices From The Atrato: Reclaiming Afrocolombian Education From The Riverbank, Siris Sulay Mena-Rivera, Karen Chaverra-Mosquera, Maure Aguirre Ortega

Occasional Paper Series

This article reconceptualizes the Atrato River as a living pedagogical archive that participates in the formation of Black education in Chocó, Colombia. Drawing on Black feminist oral methods, it centers a dialogue among Black educators to examine how educational knowledge emerges through relationships with the river, territory, memory, and community life. The analysis argues that river-based pedagogies distinct Afro-Colombian epistemologies that challenge White/Mestizo-centered and standardized models of schooling. Storytelling, river travel, intergenerational memory, and everyday territorial practices are examined as pedagogical processes through which Black communities sustain identity, historical consciousness, and collective sovereignty. The article further contends that the Atrato's …


Recovering A Gem: Melva L. Price, A New York City Teacher, Emmanuelle St. Jean Oct 2026

Recovering A Gem: Melva L. Price, A New York City Teacher, Emmanuelle St. Jean

Occasional Paper Series

The paucity of research on the experiences of Black women teachers in integrated New York City schools underscores the need for further investigation. Studying Black women teachers in integrated school settings opens the door for reshaping the traditional framings of Black women teachers as revolutionary individuals who largely taught and transformed the learning experiences of Black children. This article focuses on Melva Price, a Latin language teacher at a New York City high school. Price became a teacher during a period of intense marginalization and oppression. Her journey to becoming a teacher, her pedagogical practices, and her experiences as a …


Black Pedagogical Excellence From Fugitive Classrooms To Freedom Dreams: An Endarkened Perspective, Romonda Middlebrooks-Jefferson Oct 2026

Black Pedagogical Excellence From Fugitive Classrooms To Freedom Dreams: An Endarkened Perspective, Romonda Middlebrooks-Jefferson

Occasional Paper Series

This article traces the long tradition of Black Pedagogical Excellence (BPE), a lineage spanning fugitive literacy practices, Reconstruction and Jim Crow classrooms, Black literary societies, Afrocentric schools, and contemporary Hip Hop and Afrofuturist learning spaces. Using Endarkened Feminist Epistemology as a guiding framework, I conceptualize Black educators’ stories as theory and their classrooms as sacred, intellectual, and political sites. Through historical-literary analysis and synthesis of current research, the manuscript highlights four enduring constructs of BPE—care as resistance, ideological clarity, cultural attentiveness, and humanism—while demonstrating how Hip Hop pedagogy, storywork, and speculative literacy practices extend these commitments today. In a climate …


Black Women Educators: An Exploration Of Liberatory Pedagogical Practices At The Oakland Community School, Renée Wilmot Oct 2026

Black Women Educators: An Exploration Of Liberatory Pedagogical Practices At The Oakland Community School, Renée Wilmot

Occasional Paper Series

The aim of this paper is to analyze the autobiographical development and pedagogical practices of educators at the Oakland Community School (OCS). The OCS, in alignment with the Black Power Movement, developed revolutionary pedagogical practices that resisted Eurocentric curriculum which sought to normalize and reinforce white middle class values. Specifically, this paper will consider previous interviews and autobiographies with founding members of the school such as David Hillard and Huey P. Newton. As well as interviews with veteran school director, Ericka Huggins, and alumna, Kellita Smith. This information can reveal the ways K-12 experiences of the OCS school leaders became …


Introduction: Recovering And Reclaiming Black Histories: Integrating Historical Perspectives In Teaching And Research, Mariah Deans Harmon, Taryrn T.C. Brown Oct 2026

Introduction: Recovering And Reclaiming Black Histories: Integrating Historical Perspectives In Teaching And Research, Mariah Deans Harmon, Taryrn T.C. Brown

Occasional Paper Series

During one of our many virtual writing sessions–spaces that for us had become as much about thinking and collective sensemaking as they were about writing–Taryrn shared plans for an upcoming research visit to Zimbabwe. Supported by an International Center Global Fellows grant at her institution, the research visit was intended to extend her existing research agenda into a more explicitly global and transnational context. Yet, as our conversation unfolded, what began as a discussion of an upcoming research experience deepened into reflection on place, memory, family, and the histories that accompany us into our scholarly work.


School-Based Executive Function Guideline (Sb-Efg): A Practice Guideline For Executive Function Assessment And Intervention In School-Based Practice, Ida Koraitem, Amanda Sarafian, Lenin Grajo Oct 2026

School-Based Executive Function Guideline (Sb-Efg): A Practice Guideline For Executive Function Assessment And Intervention In School-Based Practice, Ida Koraitem, Amanda Sarafian, Lenin Grajo

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Executive functioning (EF) is comprised of various cognitive skills, such as working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, which monitor and guide goal-directed behavior and set a foundation on which healthy development may occur. Although the impact of EF skills on school participation has increasingly been recognized over the years, there are limited occupational therapy models that help occupational therapists integrate EF intervention into school-based practice. Children with limitations in EF have unique needs and challenges that impact school participation; therefore, it is imperative that occupational therapists address EF in school-based practice. This author- developed practice guideline discusses essential elements …


Creating Student-Generated Infographics To Foster Civic Engagement Research In A First-Year Seminar, Carlton A. Usher Oct 2026

Creating Student-Generated Infographics To Foster Civic Engagement Research In A First-Year Seminar, Carlton A. Usher

eJournal of Public Affairs

Infographics, visual tools like charts or diagrams, simplify complex data into accessible formats. This study explores how student-generated infographics foster civic engagement in a first-year seminar. Survey data from first-year students (N=29) revealed 85% rated the project highly valuable, and 87% reported improved retention of societal issues. While research was the least favored aspect, students praised the project’s creativity and peer-sharing potential, with 40% emphasizing its value for visual learning. Most expressed confidence in sharing their work publicly. These findings support the use of infographics as a pedagogical tool for enhancing civic engagement among first-year students navigating academic transitions. Future …


Where Do We Go From Here? A Future Research Agenda For Ai In Education, Ejike Okonkwo Oct 2026

Where Do We Go From Here? A Future Research Agenda For Ai In Education, Ejike Okonkwo

Essays in Education

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping education, creating new possibilities for teaching, learning, assessment, and professional development. This review synthesizes thirteen articles from the 2026 AI special issue of Essays in Education to identify common themes and tensions, with particular attention to evidence gaps surrounding these developments. As a selected collection of perspectives and educational contexts, the special issue provides insight into emerging areas of AI-related educational practice rather than a comprehensive account of the field. The interconnected issues that emerge include pedagogical integration and human agency, cognitive development and learning, AI literacy, ethics and equity, and institutional alignment. …


Investigating The Relationship Between Locale, Transportation, And Chronic Absenteeism In Rural Schools, Dawn T. Cook Oct 2026

Investigating The Relationship Between Locale, Transportation, And Chronic Absenteeism In Rural Schools, Dawn T. Cook

College of Education

Chronic absenteeism poses a severe threat to public education, directly eroding student achievement by compounding instructional time loss. This correlational study, grounded in bioecological systems theory, examined the relationship between student transportation access, regional isolation, and chronic absenteeism within public elementary and middle schools (grades 3–8) in Alabama. The study used primary self-reported data from a standardized parent survey administered across five public schools and secondary archival records covering every rural public school in Alabama. I analyzed the data using binary logistic regression models and a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that primary transportation modality (bus versus …


A Systematic Review Of Cipp Model Implementation In Educational Program Evaluation: A Comparative Study Of Türkiye And Indonesia, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Memet Karakuş, Fatma Altun Oct 2026

A Systematic Review Of Cipp Model Implementation In Educational Program Evaluation: A Comparative Study Of Türkiye And Indonesia, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Memet Karakuş, Fatma Altun

Higher Learning Research Communications

Objectives: This study compares CIPP (context, input, process, product) evaluation model implementation in educational programs across Türkiye (Turkey) and Indonesia through a systematic literature review. Despite structural similarities as Muslim-majority countries, no comparative research has examined how national contexts shape CIPP application in both settings.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a Scopus search yielded 25 empirical studies (seven from Türkiye and 18 from Indonesia) analyzed using directed content analysis and comparative methods.

Results: Findings reveal two contrasting national patterns: (1) Türkiye’s “systematic formalism,” characterized by structured processes, standardized methodologies, and European Union policy …


Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu Oct 2026

Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in vocational school workshops represents an urgent priority given that students interact directly with high-risk equipment such as grinding machines, yet often demonstrate low compliance with safety protocols. This research aims to identify failure modes on grinding machines in SMKN 1 Jenangan workshop and formulate evidence-based risk control recommendations. A quantitative descriptive approach using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was employed, involving 10 purposively selected respondents (practical instructors and technicians). The research instrument was validated using Content Validity Index (CVI) by three experts in occupational safety and mechanical engineering. Results identified 15 failure modes …


Resources Shaping Science Teachers' Design And Implementation Of Scientific Argumentation Instruction: A Systematic Review, Nannan Fan, Eric A. Kirk, Minghui Zhu, Troy D. Sadler Oct 2026

Resources Shaping Science Teachers' Design And Implementation Of Scientific Argumentation Instruction: A Systematic Review, Nannan Fan, Eric A. Kirk, Minghui Zhu, Troy D. Sadler

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Scientific argumentation is a core scientific practice recognized by multiple national science standards, yet many science teachers experience challenges integrating it into their classrooms. This systematic review examined the resources identified by research as shaping teachers’ argumentation instruction and how these resources were reported to support teachers’ classroom practice. Guided by an adapted version of the Pedagogical Design Capacity Framework, we analyzed 79 empirical studies published between 1983 and 2025. Resources were categorized as personal, instructional, or contextual, and their specific supportive aspects were grouped according to their reported contributions. Personal resources included teachers’ beliefs, knowledge of argumentation, and pedagogical …


Two New Non-Parametric Item Selection Methods For Cd-Cat, Li Junjie, Zheng Huijing, Kang Chunhua, Yimu Zhang Oct 2026

Two New Non-Parametric Item Selection Methods For Cd-Cat, Li Junjie, Zheng Huijing, Kang Chunhua, Yimu Zhang

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

Computerized adaptive testing for cognitive diagnosis (CD-CAT) is a method that combines cognitive diagnosis testing and computerized adaptive testing. Compared with traditional cognitive diagnostic tests, it is more efficient and offers more tailored insights into examinees’ knowledge state. As a core part of CD-CAT, the item selection method directly affects the accuracy and efficiency of the overall assessment. This study aims to construct two nonparametric item selection methods based on the Hamming distance nonparametric difference index (HD-NDI) and the general Hamming distance nonparametric difference index (GHD-NDI). Subsequently, the performance of the two proposed item-selection methods in CD-CAT is examined through …


Good News! Students With Disabilities Are Overrepresented In Private School Choice Programs, Patrick J. Wolf, John Kristof, Alex Wolf, Alli Aldis Oct 2026

Good News! Students With Disabilities Are Overrepresented In Private School Choice Programs, Patrick J. Wolf, John Kristof, Alex Wolf, Alli Aldis

Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications

  • Critics predicted that, once private school choice was implemented on a large scale, students with disabilities would become highly concentrated in the public school system. That hasn’t happened.
  • We conservatively estimate that 258,844 students with disabilities are participating in private school choice programs.
  • Students with disabilities are being served in the private school choice sector at a rate higher than that in the public school sector.
  • Private school choice programs provide important educational options for many students with disabilities, helping ensure they can access the education that best meets their needs.


Development Of An Ai-Based Assessment Analytics Model For Transformative Teacher Professional Education, Didah Nurhamidah, Muhammad Ridhwan, Nuryani Nuryani Oct 2026

Development Of An Ai-Based Assessment Analytics Model For Transformative Teacher Professional Education, Didah Nurhamidah, Muhammad Ridhwan, Nuryani Nuryani

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Transformative Teacher Professional Education (PPG) requires an assessment system that not only produces scores, but is also able to map competency achievements, identify risks, and provide data-driven follow-up recommendations. This research aims to develop  an artificial intelligence-based assessment analytics model  to support the monitoring of academic development and intervention of PPG UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The research uses a Research and Development approach with the ADDIE model which includes the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. Data was obtained through needs analysis, document review, interviews, observations, expert validation, system tests, user questionnaires, and assessment data in the form …


Nature Or Nurture? A Study Of Stem Identity In Rural Middle Schools, Elizabeth Earle Browne Oct 2026

Nature Or Nurture? A Study Of Stem Identity In Rural Middle Schools, Elizabeth Earle Browne

College of Education

Underrepresentation of historically marginalized students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) continues to be an issue, particularly in under-resourced, rural communities such as Alabama’s Black Belt. This mixed-methods study examined factors influencing STEM identity among rural middle school students and the relationship between STEM identity and interest in participating in future STEM electives. Grounded in social identity theory, the study explored demographic influences on STEM identity and students’ perceptions of who belongs in STEM. The quantitative phase utilized a modified STEM Identity Survey to collect responses from 145 students across four rural Alabama middle schools. Data were analyzed using …


Enrollment Profile Report Fall 2026, Systems Intelligence And Data Analytics, University Of Nebraska At Omaha Oct 2026

Enrollment Profile Report Fall 2026, Systems Intelligence And Data Analytics, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Enrollment Reports

No abstract provided.


The Pal Compass For Navigating Ai In Education, Anny Fritzen Case, Christine Dawson, Deborah Vriend Van Duinen Oct 2026

The Pal Compass For Navigating Ai In Education, Anny Fritzen Case, Christine Dawson, Deborah Vriend Van Duinen

Teacher Education Faculty Scholarship

A framework for reflecting on AI in Education through Purpose, Agency, and Learning.


Navigating Leadership Transitions In Academic Affairs At Small Historically Black Colleges And Universities In The Southern United States: A Qualitative Study, Marquita Renee Mitchell Oct 2026

Navigating Leadership Transitions In Academic Affairs At Small Historically Black Colleges And Universities In The Southern United States: A Qualitative Study, Marquita Renee Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the specific problem that necessitates the functionality of departmental leadership, its outcomes, and emphasized leadership transitions. Researching leadership transitions can potentially enhance our understanding of how small HBCUs, particularly HBCUs with a student population of fewer than 5,000, can effectively navigate, ensuring the continuity and sustained success of the academic affairs department within the Southern U.S. region. To address this gap, this study engaged narrative methods while employing transformational leadership theory as a theoretical lens to explore the immediate and long-term impacts of leadership transitioning on strategic initiatives, staff morale, and outcomes within the academic affairs department, …


Exploring Digital Media Literacy And Its Impact On Pedagogical Innovation And Creativity, Suparno Suparno, Tuty Sariwulan, Bagus Shandy Narmaditya, Ari Saptono, Saparuddin Muchtar, Muhammad Ridlo, Dingot Hamonangan Ismail Sep 2026

Exploring Digital Media Literacy And Its Impact On Pedagogical Innovation And Creativity, Suparno Suparno, Tuty Sariwulan, Bagus Shandy Narmaditya, Ari Saptono, Saparuddin Muchtar, Muhammad Ridlo, Dingot Hamonangan Ismail

Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints

Enhancing teachers’ innovative work behavior is prominent in promoting educational quality. This exploratory study aims to understand the linkage between digital media literacy, creativity, and innovative work behavior among teachers in Indonesia. The data were obtained from teachers using an online self-administered survey. In addition, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between digital media literacy and teachers’ innovative work behavior. Indeed, creativity can also be a predictor of innovative work behavior among teachers in Indonesia. This study also notes the connection …


Oral History As A Tool For First-Year Student Success, Justin Willis, Saul Araujo Sep 2026

Oral History As A Tool For First-Year Student Success, Justin Willis, Saul Araujo

Journal of Research Initiatives

First-year college students often face significant challenges as they transition into higher education, particularly when balancing academic responsibilities with employment. Many students work out of financial necessity, which can increase stress, limit campus engagement, and negatively affect academic performance and well-being. This qualitative case study explores how oral history methods can support first-year college students as they adjust to the demands of balancing education and work. Guided by Tinto’s Model of Student Retention and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, the study examines how firsthand narratives from individuals who have navigated similar challenges can foster reflection, resilience, and practical skill development. The …


Generative Artificial Intelligence, Academic Integrity And Authentic Assessment Within An Irish University, Louise Nagle, Brigid Crowley, Laura Rafferty, Susan Horgan, Colin O'Brien Sep 2026

Generative Artificial Intelligence, Academic Integrity And Authentic Assessment Within An Irish University, Louise Nagle, Brigid Crowley, Laura Rafferty, Susan Horgan, Colin O'Brien

Publications

Academics need both an overarching policy on Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) use in teaching and learning, yet agency in its application across various disciplines. Clarity on the use of the technology for both students and staff is therefore a challenge and characterised by uncertainty given how its application is still unfamiliar. This research examines the organisational context in which Gen AI is being embraced and was conducted by the digital teaching support functions within an Irish university. Students and staff were surveyed (n=1,746) on various aspects of digital use within their education and workplace, including Gen AI. …


Does Gender Spell Success? Exploring Female Students' Perspectives Of Faculty At A Higher Educational Institution, Chitora Jackson, Terrence Hicks, Jill Channing, Arnold Nyarambi Sep 2026

Does Gender Spell Success? Exploring Female Students' Perspectives Of Faculty At A Higher Educational Institution, Chitora Jackson, Terrence Hicks, Jill Channing, Arnold Nyarambi

Journal of Research Initiatives

Numerous studies have pointed to connections and positive interactions with faculty that result in positive outcomes for students (Beckowski & Gebauer, 2018; Jones, 2020; Trolian et al., 2021). However, despite this knowledge, there are still some areas related to this topic that remain under-researched. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of female students at a higher educational institution and to understand how those experiences shape their perspectives of female and male faculty. Additionally, this study sought to discover how faculty gender influences their interactions with students and the similarities and differences between …