Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Adult and Continuing Education Administration Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Walden University (60)
- Fayetteville State University (52)
- Andrews University (11)
- Oral Roberts University (3)
- Brigham Young University (2)
-
- Dominican University of California (2)
- Purdue University (2)
- Technological University Dublin (2)
- The University of Southern Mississippi (2)
- UMass Global (2)
- University of San Diego (2)
- Aga Khan University (1)
- Antioch University (1)
- Central Washington University (1)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (1)
- Grand Valley State University (1)
- Illinois State University (1)
- LSU New Orleans (1)
- Marshall University (1)
- Minnesota State University Moorhead (1)
- Nova Southeastern University (1)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (1)
- The University of Akron (1)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (1)
- University of Central Florida (1)
- University of Dar es Salaam (1)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1)
- University of New Mexico (1)
- University of South Florida (1)
- University of Texas at Tyler (1)
- Keyword
-
- Higher education (11)
- Education (9)
- Higher Education (8)
- Professional development (8)
- Retention (6)
-
- Andragogy (5)
- College (4)
- Student engagement (4)
- Student success (4)
- Adult education (3)
- Assessment (3)
- Collaboration (3)
- Community college (3)
- Engagement (3)
- General Education (3)
- Nontraditional students (3)
- Professional Development (3)
- Self-efficacy (3)
- Students (3)
- Teacher retention (3)
- Academic success (2)
- Academic writing (2)
- Action Research (2)
- Adult Learning (2)
- Adult students (2)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (2)
- Case study (2)
- Creativity (2)
- Critical thinking (2)
- Curriculum (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (60)
- Journal of Research Initiatives (52)
- Adventist Online Learning Conference / Conferencia de Aprendizaje en Línea (11)
- Dissertations (6)
- Academy Resources (3)
-
- Learning, Teaching, & Researching Optimization (2)
- Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses (2)
- Scholarship and Engagement in Education (2)
- All Master's Theses (1)
- Antioch University Dissertations & Theses (1)
- Articles (1)
- Black Male Summit (1)
- Department of Educational Administration: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (1)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Projects (1)
- Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present) (1)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works (1)
- Institute for Educational Development, Karachi (1)
- Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (1)
- LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Masters Projects (1)
- Nursing Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Other resources (1)
- Publications (1)
- Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs (1)
- The Qualitative Report (1)
- Theses & Dissertations (1)
- Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Theses, Dissertations and Capstones (1)
- University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 121 - 150 of 160
Full-Text Articles in Adult and Continuing Education Administration
A Modified Program Evaluation Of Training For Employer Compliance With Health Insurance Requirements, Joanneandi Davenport
A Modified Program Evaluation Of Training For Employer Compliance With Health Insurance Requirements, Joanneandi Davenport
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A training program was established in the Midwestern United States to help employers understand compliance requirements of the health insurance industry. The purpose of this study was to conduct a modified program evaluation of the effectiveness of Pay or Play, a portion of a larger Benefit Compliance Program. The reason for the evaluation was the high percentage of remediation needed for administrators of employee health insurance following Pay or Play seminar sessions, which posed the question of program effectiveness in education of participants. This study is important because administrators of employee health insurance are responsible for understanding compliance regulations and …
Single Mothers Of Young Children And Continuing Education, Jackiethsha Lynette Fluellen
Single Mothers Of Young Children And Continuing Education, Jackiethsha Lynette Fluellen
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The number of households headed by single mothers living in poverty exceeds that of all other categories of poverty-stricken households, and poverty impacts the children negatively in various ways. When single mothers choose not to continue their education, they lessen their chances of finding higher paying jobs and raising their families out of poverty. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand why some single mothers decided to continue into higher education. The study considered the decisions of 6 single mothers of young children in Montgomery County, Texas, and the obstacles they overcame while completing their education. The …
Military Students' Persistence In Earning An Online College Degree, Aysel Renay Williams
Military Students' Persistence In Earning An Online College Degree, Aysel Renay Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to gain insight into the factors that military students perceive to have an impact on their persistence. The conceptual framework for this study was Knowles' principles of andragogy. The research questions were designed to explore military students' persistence, measures of engagement in academic activities, decisionmaking to assure success, and the strategies considered important to earn a degree at an online college. Demographic surveys, status reports and degree plans, and semistructured telephone interviews were collected from 13 military students. Interview data were transcribed and all data were open coded and thematically analyzed. Military …
Relationship Between Internships And Employment Competencies Of Degreed Professionals Who Completed A College Internship, Shawn Barnwell
Relationship Between Internships And Employment Competencies Of Degreed Professionals Who Completed A College Internship, Shawn Barnwell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
An estimated 1.5 million underemployed or unemployed college graduates have one or more college degrees, and many have high loan debt. Policy makers, students, and institutions of higher education are all concerned with the question of how prepared students are to enter the workforce upon graduation, yet little is known about whether internships are a strategy to improve career preparedness and gainful employment after graduation. Guided by Dewey and Kolb's experiential learning theory, the purpose of this nonexperimental study was to evaluate the impact of internships on career preparation from the perspective of graduates, specifically to evaluate whether graduates perceive …
Improving Graduate Students' Satisfaction With Academic Advising, Jamie Loretta Green
Improving Graduate Students' Satisfaction With Academic Advising, Jamie Loretta Green
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Academic advising is associated with increased student retention and academic success. However, advising at an urban graduate school of education in Tennessee has been criticized for limited advisor availability, poor communication, and lack of advising knowledge. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for student satisfaction or dissatisfaction and to identify techniques to improve academic advising. This study was guided by the conceptual frameworks of Kelly's personal construct theory and Daloz's psycho-developmental perspective. The research question addressed the perceived role of academic advisors that graduate students associated with academic success. The …
Impact Of Orientation Programs On Nontraditional Students' Perceived Academic Success In Adult Education Programs, Marsha Ann Webster
Impact Of Orientation Programs On Nontraditional Students' Perceived Academic Success In Adult Education Programs, Marsha Ann Webster
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many administrators and faculty within higher education institutions have grappled with identifying and employing effective strategies to facilitate student success and persistence. The current study focuses on assessing nontraditional students' self-efficacy beliefs and their perception of the orientation program at a 2-year continuing education program in a Caribbean nation. The study is important as the findings have the potential to increase nontraditional students' persistence and learning. Bandura's social cognitive theory and the theory of self-efficacy served as the theoretical frameworks of this sequential mixed-methods design study. The quantitative research questions examined the reported self-efficacy levels of 77 participants and nonparticipants …
Understanding Attrition Among English As A Foreign Language Teachers In Online Training, Joseline Castaños
Understanding Attrition Among English As A Foreign Language Teachers In Online Training, Joseline Castaños
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Attrition among students in online courses worldwide is well-documented at the undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate levels. However, little is yet known about the reason for attrition among in-service teachers in online training. Online education aims to provide access to education for the masses, but with higher attrition rates, it may be viewed as less effective than traditional education. This study explored factors that influenced attrition and persistence among teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in an online teacher training environment. Tinto's Community of Inquiry framework and Short, Williams, and Christie's Social Presence Model provided the conceptual framework for …
Factors That Impact African American High School Equivalency (Hse) Students' Pursuit Of Higher Education, Jamiyla Chandler-Melton
Factors That Impact African American High School Equivalency (Hse) Students' Pursuit Of Higher Education, Jamiyla Chandler-Melton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
African Americans account for a disproportionate percentage of students who pursue college education in comparison to European Americans. Indeed, a considerable number of African American High School Equivalency (HSE) students are not enrolling in college once they earn their HSE diploma. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine 3 African American HSE students' perceptions about factors that influenced their pursuit of higher education at the selected HSE study site. These 3 students were selected for their inclusion because of their ethnicity, enrollment in the HSE program, academic underpreparedness and lack of pursuit of higher education, and strong …
Evaluation Of A College Of Medicine Peer-Mentoring Program, Myra Haney Singleton
Evaluation Of A College Of Medicine Peer-Mentoring Program, Myra Haney Singleton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Peer-mentoring experiences in higher education have been largely effective largely effective, however institutions implement them differently. The focus of this program evaluation was a peer-mentoring program at a medical school in the southeastern region of the United States, which had not previously been evaluated. Guided by Kolb's experiential learning theory, the purpose of the evaluation in this study was to examine whether the peer-mentoring experience was perceived as helpful to new students and how students thought the program could be improved. The sequential mixed-method design consisted of a survey of 179 students and interviews of 8 students. A thematic analysis …
Preparing Faculty To Teach Online: Promoting Success In The Online Classroom, Julia Babcock Hamilton
Preparing Faculty To Teach Online: Promoting Success In The Online Classroom, Julia Babcock Hamilton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Distance learning students at a community college in the southeast United States were not completing their coursework as well as were students enrolled in traditional courses. This disparity was negatively affecting the institution's state performance measures, putting at risk the institution's state-based funding under the state's performance model. The purpose of this qualitative, bounded case study was to explore faculty experiences with online course professional development and faculty's teaching practices related to successful student online course completion. Chickering and Gamson's 'Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education' served as the study's conceptual foundation. Distance learning faculty (n = 10), …
Scholarly Writing Among Graduate Students: A Qualitative Project Study, Marsha Armstrong Harwell
Scholarly Writing Among Graduate Students: A Qualitative Project Study, Marsha Armstrong Harwell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This project study focused on scholarly writing skills of adult students enrolled in a private graduate institution in the West Indies. The institution provided writing instruction, but scholarly writing skills remained inadequate for some students when they began their final projects. The project study provided insight into the most pervasive writing skill deficits and the positive and negative influences on writing skill development among graduate students. The research design was an applied qualitative case study using data collected from a purposeful sample of convenience within a bounded system of current students, faculty members, and administrators in one institution. Open-ended questionnaires …
A Mixed-Methods (Quantitative-Qualitative) Study To Identify The Perceived Level Of, Zeky Zardo
A Mixed-Methods (Quantitative-Qualitative) Study To Identify The Perceived Level Of, Zeky Zardo
Dissertations
Different approaches to developing leaders have been established through various forms of self-assessment, action learning, and education and training activities (Smither et al., 2005). The existing body of research on the impact and success of college and university leadership development programs focuses heavily on undergraduate leadership programs and not graduate-level programs such as the Master of Business Administration (MBA) or the doctorate. The purpose of this mixed-methods (quantitative–qualitative) study was to identify the perceived level of transformational leadership skill development by students enrolled in a doctoral program in organizational leadership. In addition, it was the purpose of this study to …
P17 Black Male Summit, Brandon Jackson
P17 Black Male Summit, Brandon Jackson
Black Male Summit
Tale of Two African American Males and Their Journey to Ivy League Schools: A Case Study
How do we get more African American males to show their GREATNESS and academic prowess? Can Black Males attend Ivy League schools? How do we prepare our Black Male Scholars for college and career readiness to maximize their education?
Community College Instructors' Perceptions And Use Of Feedback, Janeth Martin Walker Franklin
Community College Instructors' Perceptions And Use Of Feedback, Janeth Martin Walker Franklin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many community college students, especially those who are required to take developmental education courses, do not complete course and degree goals. Research shows that constructive feedback practices used by instructors improve academic achievement while destructive feedback practices diminish student learning. Using a constructivist framework, the purpose of this qualitative, instrumental case study was to understand how faculty who teach developmental education and entry level college courses perceive and use feedback in a large urban community college in the Southwestern United States. Data were collected through 17 in-depth, face-to-face interviews and written feedback examples submitted by the faculty members. Interview transcripts …
Promoting Critical Thinking And Reflection In A Capstone Course For Adult Learners, James-Etta Goodloe
Promoting Critical Thinking And Reflection In A Capstone Course For Adult Learners, James-Etta Goodloe
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
University instructors can improve how they promote critical thinking in the classroom by fostering reflective writing habits with students. Midwest University requires all undergraduate students to complete 2 capstone courses, which are framed around a critical thinking curriculum. The skills of analyzing and reflecting on experiences are important components of critical thinking. Despite this acknowledged importance of critical thinking, there is currently no structured training for instructors of the capstone course on how to develop critical thinking abilities among adult students. The purpose of this case study was to examine the perceptions of the instructors of the capstone courses and …
Soft Skills Perceived By Students And Employers As Relevant Employability Skills, Ann-Marie Claudia Williams
Soft Skills Perceived By Students And Employers As Relevant Employability Skills, Ann-Marie Claudia Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Local employers believe the lack of prerequisite soft skills is inhibiting the graduates from a local community college from securing employment. The rationale of this phenomenological study was to investigate the perceptions of students and employers related to the soft skills needed to be successful in future employment. The theoretical framework was based on Mezirow's transformational and Daloz's mentorship theories. Individual face-to-face, semistructured interviews were used to gather data from 12 business and computer students and 7 employers (N=19) who were selected using purposeful random sampling. The typewritten transcripts of participants' responses were imported in MAXQDA 11, then were open …
Effective Teaching In Higher Education For The 21st Century Adult Learner, Denise Murchison Payton
Effective Teaching In Higher Education For The 21st Century Adult Learner, Denise Murchison Payton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Abstract
As college populations are becoming increasingly diverse, institutions must find ways to meet the needs of their nontraditional students. Nontraditional adult learners are self-directed, ready to learn, and are internally motivated to engage in problem-centered learning. The purpose of this study was to expand and refine an active learning seminar in a higher education setting to improve the quality of teaching, student engagement, and retention rates. The site of the study was a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in which adult students over 25 constituted 49% of the population. The faculty members at this site predominantly employed traditional …
Perceived Academic Needs Of Military Veterans Within A For-Profit, Yvonne Rose Ross
Perceived Academic Needs Of Military Veterans Within A For-Profit, Yvonne Rose Ross
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The number of recent U.S. military veterans attending college has increased due to the Veterans Education Assistance Act; however, retention and graduation rates for this population have declined. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the experiences and academic needs of recent military veterans as they transition from the military to academic life at a for-profit, proprietary college. In addition, this study identified differences in the problems faced by male and female veterans and explored whether veterans understood the resources available to them as they enrolled in higher education. Schlossberg's transitional theory was the conceptual framework used in …
Obtaining Cultural Competency Skills: Perceptions From Supervisors In Higher Education, Veronica Gomez Vilchis
Obtaining Cultural Competency Skills: Perceptions From Supervisors In Higher Education, Veronica Gomez Vilchis
All Master's Theses
A program evaluation was done on the supervisor training at Central Washington University to obtain the perceptions of supervisors on cultural competency. Eighteen supervisors were interviewed. The results demonstrated supervisors’ support of incorporating cultural competency as part of their professional development. However, supervisors indicated the current supervisor training does not give them tools to interact effectively with diverse populations. Implications for including cultural competency skills for supervisors in higher education are discussed.
Effects Of An Online Skills Program On Ela Achievement Among Ged Students, Gwendolyn Amanda Flowers
Effects Of An Online Skills Program On Ela Achievement Among Ged Students, Gwendolyn Amanda Flowers
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
K-12 schools are more commonly using online learning to supplement traditional classroom learning. Previous online adult education researchers have found no significant differences between traditional and online learning outcomes. However, little research has been done with regard to online General Educational Development (GED)-level learning for adults. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the effect of the Skills Tutor program compared with traditional learning on GED student achievement in reading/language arts. The Skills Tutor program was used as a means to address the low GED graduation rates at an adult education program through Memphis City Schools. This research …
Strategies For Developing Interpersonal Communication Skills For Business Students, Sharon A. Pope
Strategies For Developing Interpersonal Communication Skills For Business Students, Sharon A. Pope
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Strategies for Developing Interpersonal Communication Skills for Business Students
by
Sharon A. Pope
M.B.A., Cleveland State University, 1995
M.S.H.P/A., University of Cincinnati, 1983
B.Ed., University of Toledo, 1981
Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Education
Walden University
December 2015
Research has shown that interpersonal communication skills (ICS) are important for employment success, particularly if they are learned by students during college. A private university in Ohio identified the need to enhance students' ICS; however, the university's faculty lacked strategies to teach those required skills. The purpose of this qualitative case study …
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Employee Commitment Among Perfusionists, Gilbert F. Garcia
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Employee Commitment Among Perfusionists, Gilbert F. Garcia
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Certified clinical perfusionists (CCPs) operate a variety of complex, invasive devices to provide heart-lung support. Job-related stress has been identified as having unfavorable influences on self-efficacy and commitment of employees in many domains, but this relationship has not been examined among CCPs. Guided by self-efficacy theory and organizational commitment model, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between self-efficacy and commitment among CCPs and the extent to which age, gender, workload, experience, or education impacted CCPs' commitment. Data were collected from 264 respondents via 2 established survey instruments: the organizational commitment questionnaire and the work …
Assessment Practices At An Associate Degree Nursing Program, Tracey Jane Siegel
Assessment Practices At An Associate Degree Nursing Program, Tracey Jane Siegel
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nursing programs have traditionally used teacher-developed multiple-choice (MCQ) examinations to prepare students for licensure. Researchers have determined that poorly constructed MCQ tests used as formative and summative evaluations may penalize nursing students and impact progression and retention in nursing programs. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to examine issues related to the use of teacher-developed MCQ examinations as the only method of student assessment in the theory component of nursing courses. The National League for Nursing Core Competencies for Nurse Educators and the revised Bloom's Taxonomy were used as the conceptual frameworks for this study. The Director of …
Nursing Students' And Novice Clinical Instructors' Experiences With Clinical Instruction And Assessment, Bridgett Alveta Jackson
Nursing Students' And Novice Clinical Instructors' Experiences With Clinical Instruction And Assessment, Bridgett Alveta Jackson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adjunct faculty members make up a growing proportion of nursing school clinical faculty in the United States due to a nurse educator shortage in higher education. Many of the nurses hired as clinical faculty members have years of experience providing patient care, but they lack experience in clinical instruction and assessment. At a state community college in the southeastern United States, nursing students have expressed dissatisfaction in their course evaluations with inexperienced faculty in clinical programs. The experiences of both nursing students under the guidance of novice clinical instructors and clinical faculty were examined in this case study. The National …
Fourth Year Teachers' Perceptions Of The Student Teaching Practicum In Abu Dhabi, Kabrina Rochelle Johnson
Fourth Year Teachers' Perceptions Of The Student Teaching Practicum In Abu Dhabi, Kabrina Rochelle Johnson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A local college in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates began a Bachelor of Education program in 2008 to train prospective teachers to deliver a bi-literate education in Arabic and English to students in Abu Dhabi schools. Because there had been no examination of preservice teachers' perceptions of their practicum experience, a project study was designed to analyze the perceptions of a group of preservice teachers regarding the final practicum and whether that experience enhanced their ability to deliver educational practices to better serve students. This phenomenological study was guided by experiential learning theory, as preservice teachers learned from their experiences …
Second Chance For School Dropouts In Kenya Through Adult Education, Lombo Lombo
Second Chance For School Dropouts In Kenya Through Adult Education, Lombo Lombo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Most Kenyan high school dropouts do not have a school reentry option, and without a high school diploma, they lack access to tertiary or higher education institutions for training and career development. This case study was an investigation of how an adult learning center in Kenya educated high school dropouts and helped them to gain access to vocational training or higher education. The research questions addressed the pedagogy, learning experiences, and curriculum of the Baraka Adult Learning Center (BALC) and also focused on how the BALC met students' aspirations, needs, and goals based on the perceptions of teachers and adult …
Each One, Teach One: A Blackprint For Mentoring Postsecondary “Twice Exceptional” Student Scholars In “Search Of Education, Elevation And Knowledge”, Selena T. Rodgers, Tiffany Cudjoe
Each One, Teach One: A Blackprint For Mentoring Postsecondary “Twice Exceptional” Student Scholars In “Search Of Education, Elevation And Knowledge”, Selena T. Rodgers, Tiffany Cudjoe
Journal of Research Initiatives
Through the prism of a faculty-student mentoring relationship, this article highlights best practices to gain insight into resources for “twice exceptional” student scholars. Practical application stands at a position of intersecting domains—changing the tapestry of scholarly service and undergraduate research mentoring, and as an Each One, Teach One black-print model for mentoring. The article concludes with recommendations for best practices for post secondary mentors, educators, and counselors invested in developing student scholars in Search of Education, Elevation, and Knowledge.
A Professional Development Approach To Improve Practice At An Upstate Community College, Lisa K. Antalek
A Professional Development Approach To Improve Practice At An Upstate Community College, Lisa K. Antalek
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A federal Call to Action was mandated to reform community colleges across the nation, challenging college officials to enhance instructional methodology on college campuses towards increasing student completion rates. In addressing this mandate, college officials at the upstate NY community college identified a need for professional development that would increase student learning and enhance the instructional methodologies of facilitating faculty through improved alignment. Accordingly, this study investigated the alignment of faculty instructional effectiveness with the institution's core mission. The purpose of this study was to examine faculty perceptions of the instructional methodologies used to facilitate student learning. Informed by Knowles's …
Impact Of An Online Student Bridge Program For First-Year Nontraditional Students, Lisa Rene Adkins
Impact Of An Online Student Bridge Program For First-Year Nontraditional Students, Lisa Rene Adkins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Low retention rates for first-year students plague many higher education institutions, and are even lower among online institutions of higher education. At Athena Colleges (a pseudonym), the attrition rate can be as high as 50% in students' first academic year. To address this concern, Athena Colleges has implemented an online bridge program that addresses students' academic needs and persistence. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bridge program in reducing the first-time student attrition rate and academic performance in their first term. Most of Athena Colleges students are nontraditional students and due to this, the …
Nontraditional Hispanic College Students' Perceptions Of Their Sense Of Belonging At A 2-Year College In Southwest Texas, Ronald Eugene Zawacki-Maldonado
Nontraditional Hispanic College Students' Perceptions Of Their Sense Of Belonging At A 2-Year College In Southwest Texas, Ronald Eugene Zawacki-Maldonado
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this study was to understand how a sense of belonging contributes to graduation persistence among nontraditional Hispanic college students. The collectivist culture among these adult learners often results in family and work obligations that curtail their pursuit of higher education. The voices of these students are mostly absent in the current literature and warrant the current research study. Sense of belonging and retention theory formed the conceptual framework for this phenomenological study. A purposeful sample of 16 nontraditional Hispanic students enrolled in a 2-year community college in Southwest Texas participated in interviews. Data analysis focused on themes …