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2014

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Articles 4501 - 4530 of 4795

Full-Text Articles in Business

An Analysis Of Bitcoin Market Efficiency Through Measures Of Short-Horizon Return Predictability And Market Liquidity, William L. Brown Jan 2014

An Analysis Of Bitcoin Market Efficiency Through Measures Of Short-Horizon Return Predictability And Market Liquidity, William L. Brown

CMC Senior Theses

Bitcoins have the potential to fundamentally change the way value is transferred globally. Their rapid adoption over the past four years has led many to consider the possible results of such a technology. To be a viable currency, however, it is imperative that the market for trading Bitcoins is efficient. By examining the changes in availability of predictable outsized returns and market liquidity over time, this paper examines historical Bitcoin market efficiency and establishes correlations between market liquidity, price predictability, and return data. The results provide insight into the turbulent nature of Bitcoin market efficiency over the past years, but …


Mergers & Abenomics: The Determinants Of M&A In Japan's New Economy, Ethan S. Hallberg Jan 2014

Mergers & Abenomics: The Determinants Of M&A In Japan's New Economy, Ethan S. Hallberg

CMC Senior Theses

This paper investigates the influence of various macroeconomic variables on Japan’s merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, both in terms of total deal value and total number of deals. Looking at monthly data from June 1997 to December 2013, I use econometric time-series analysis to find that: First, total deal value per month is not well explained by our macroeconomic variables, but about half of the variation in number of deals per month can be explained by our dataset. Second, the most important determinant in the total number of deals per month during our period is the level of national debt, …


Los Bancos Del Tiempo En España: Combatiendo La Recesión Con La Moneda Social, Marco Martellini Jan 2014

Los Bancos Del Tiempo En España: Combatiendo La Recesión Con La Moneda Social, Marco Martellini

CMC Senior Theses

Un banco del tiempo (BDT) es el nombre formal que se le da a unas instituciones comunitarias que operan con horas de tiempo personal y laboral como moneda oficial. Son sistemas organizados de moneda social que permiten a sus usuarios intercambiar su propio tiempo y destreza en forma de créditos de servicio. La unidad de moneda es una hora de trabajo. Los BDT son parte de la categoría de moneda alternativa social y representan una evolución moderna de entidades clásicas como los trueques.

Los BDT valoran conceptos como compartir, igualdad y mutualismo. Así, funcionan como un sistema alternativo a los …


A Vision Of Capitalism, As It Was Meant To Be: A Social Purpose Business Plan For Foodshed Productions, August Miller Jan 2014

A Vision Of Capitalism, As It Was Meant To Be: A Social Purpose Business Plan For Foodshed Productions, August Miller

Capstone Collection

FoodShed Productions, a social enterprise is pursuing a mission: to raise the caring capacity of communities and resilience of our local environments through resident education in organic backyard farming. As a social enterprise, FoodShed Productions, a for-profit, earns its economic viability doing work more often associated with non-profits, measuring its worth by the social, environmental, and economic benefits of its operations. The communities in Boulder County, CO. are served by FoodShed Productions through a social process in which “We Build, We Coach, You Keep Growing,” toward the goal of self-reliance.

The topic of this CLC is a Social Purpose Business …


Improving Professional Skills Through Adversity: A Phenomenological Study Of Mergers And Acquisitions, Randy Anita Rutledge Jan 2014

Improving Professional Skills Through Adversity: A Phenomenological Study Of Mergers And Acquisitions, Randy Anita Rutledge

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Company mergers and acquisitions often create tremendous conflict for employees because they force them into a spiral of organizational change. In this environment, employees are challenged with redefining themselves within a new organization. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover and explain the particular conflict experiences of professional employees who experienced the merger and acquisition of their company. A phenomenological research study was conducted to discover and describe the shared conflict experiences of professional employees during the merger and acquisition of their consulting firm. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 self-identified professional employees. It was found through …


The Role Of Freedom In Assessing The Relationship Between Tourism Competitiveness And Quality Of Life: The Case Of Central America, Marketa Kubickova Jan 2014

The Role Of Freedom In Assessing The Relationship Between Tourism Competitiveness And Quality Of Life: The Case Of Central America, Marketa Kubickova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation study is to investigate the relationship among tourism competitiveness, quality of life, and freedom. The main premise is that the degree of freedom shapes the relationship between tourism development and quality of life. The study hypothesized that the greater the degree of freedom is, the greater impact tourism development will have on quality of life of residents of a destination. The theoretical framework of this study is based on combining Sen's capability approach with the tourism competitiveness theory. Tourism competitiveness aims at enhancing the quality of life, while Sen's capability approach provides the ingredients for …


A Multivariate Analysis Of Consumers’ Beliefs, Attitudes, And Behaviors Associated With Locally Produced Food And Farmers’ Market Patronage, Sara Williamson Jan 2014

A Multivariate Analysis Of Consumers’ Beliefs, Attitudes, And Behaviors Associated With Locally Produced Food And Farmers’ Market Patronage, Sara Williamson

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

While farmers’ market vendors rely on loyal and frequent patrons to purchase their products, it is unclear how the intrinsic differences among farmers’ market shoppers serve as indicators of potential shopping frequency at farmers’ markets. The objectives of this thesis are to identify consumers’ intrinsic values associated with characteristics of local foods, examine how these values are reflected in consumption behaviors among farmers' market shoppers, and explore the relationship between consumption activities and shopping frequency at farmers' markets. Results suggest that the differences between frequent and infrequent farmers’ market shoppers could be explained by the individual’s levels of high and …


Determinants Of Trade Balance: A Comparison Between Pakistan And India, Khola Asif, Aurangzeb - Jan 2014

Determinants Of Trade Balance: A Comparison Between Pakistan And India, Khola Asif, Aurangzeb -

Business Review

This study investigates and compares the determinants of the trade balances of Pakistan and India. In this research the impact of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), exchange rate (ER) and the remittances on the trade balance of India and Pakistan have also been considered. For this, time series data from 1981 to 2010 is used. The results of the study are based on the regression analysis, and granger causality test. Regression analysis showed that the GDP of India and Pakistan both have significant positive impact on the balance of the trade, FDI has significant negative impact on …


The Impact Of National And Organizational Cultural Differences On International Joint Venture Performance, Rizwan Tahir Jan 2014

The Impact Of National And Organizational Cultural Differences On International Joint Venture Performance, Rizwan Tahir

Business Review

The purpose of this study is to theoretically explore how national cultural differences, organizational cultural differences and trust between partners can influence IJV performance. Findings from previous studies have been mixed, and this study attempts to address the relationship and performance issues by theoretically advancing a model to explain the inconclusive results found to date. Based on previous research, the findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, in terms of the relationship between national cultural differences and IJV performance, differences in the national cultures of IJV partners adversely influence IJV performance. Secondly, in the case of the relationship between …


Interdependence Of Value Chain Links: A Tale Of Three Cities, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem Sandhu, Muhammad Zaheer Jan 2014

Interdependence Of Value Chain Links: A Tale Of Three Cities, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem Sandhu, Muhammad Zaheer

Business Review

Most of the products in the world are produced and delivered by value chains which are the sum name of value adding activities performed in a sequence by different firms working in different countries. And in most of the cases value chain actors belong to both developed and developing world and adding different amount of value to value chain for producing and distributing products. Some value chains are driven by buyers and other work under the leadership of producers. Those who hold the intangibles gain more than those who hold tangibles in a value chain because intangibles .e.g. brands, designs …


Learning New Management Viewpoints: Recontextualizing Strategic Leadership In Global And Regional Context, Ahmad Raza, Hasan Sohaib Murad Jan 2014

Learning New Management Viewpoints: Recontextualizing Strategic Leadership In Global And Regional Context, Ahmad Raza, Hasan Sohaib Murad

Business Review

This paper makes a theoretical critique of the current paradigm on strategic leadership and proposes an epistemology of managerial practice as unfolded in the business contexts. It is argued that there exist dichotomic views of managerial practice based on profit-logic versus responsibility logic throughout the corporate world. The strategic leaders, instead of practicing one of these logics, should try to synthesize best of the both at the cognitive level and then apply them into the business and management environment. The rapid technological changes coupled with the profound cultural heterogeneity at the workplace have also created the determinants of humanly responsive …


A Moral Debate: The Responsibility Of Human Resource Professionals In The Implementation Of A Code Of Ethics, Erika Felty Jan 2014

A Moral Debate: The Responsibility Of Human Resource Professionals In The Implementation Of A Code Of Ethics, Erika Felty

Senior Honors Theses

The overarching idea of this thesis is that human resource professionals have a responsibility to oversee a code of ethics that governs employee behavior within an organization. Although the development and implementation of such a code is a collaborative effort between stakeholders, human resource managers bring value to a code through factors such as training and communication. Initially, one must define ethics and a code of ethics, in order to better understand the creation, management, and implementation of the code. Recent ethical situations in the world today, such as Enron and TI Instruments, establish and exemplify the purpose and overall …


Big Data Vs. Big Brother: The Fine Line Of Personalization And Privacy, Wanda Inthavong, John A. Schibrowsky Jan 2014

Big Data Vs. Big Brother: The Fine Line Of Personalization And Privacy, Wanda Inthavong, John A. Schibrowsky

McNair Poster Presentations

Purpose – To review privacy issues surrounding Big Data and creating recommendations to aid in resolving these issues.

Approach - Reviews current literature regarding Big Data and its implication on privacy.

Findings – Regulation changes/additions not as beneficial as some researchers believe. Creating & streamlining one universal regulation to better protects consumer privacy information may gain back consumer confidence.


Cracking The Code On Stem: A People Strategy For Nevada's Economy, Jessica A. Lee, Mark Muro, Jonathan Rothwell, Scott Andes, Siddharth Kulkarni Jan 2014

Cracking The Code On Stem: A People Strategy For Nevada's Economy, Jessica A. Lee, Mark Muro, Jonathan Rothwell, Scott Andes, Siddharth Kulkarni

Brookings Mountain West Publications

Nevada has in place a plausible economic diversification strategy—and it’s beginning to work. Now, the state and its regions need to craft a people strategy. Specifically, the state needs to boost the number of Nevadans who possess at least some postsecondary training in the fields of science, technology, engineering, or math—the so-called “STEM” disciplines (to which some leaders add arts and design to make it “STEAM”).

The moment is urgent—and only heightened by the projected worker needs of Tesla Motors’ planned “gigafactory” for lithium-ion batteries in Storey County.

Even before the recent Tesla commitment, a number of the more high-tech …


Establishing Credibility Online Through Impression Management Strategies, Shauna Vanbogart Jan 2014

Establishing Credibility Online Through Impression Management Strategies, Shauna Vanbogart

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

This project sought to understand how individuals establish credibility online through impression management strategies. Applying Goffman’s (1959) impression management theory, the literature review highlighted four leading self-presentation tactics that bolster credibility effectively on the Internet: structure and aesthetics of personal websites, publication of content that is consistent, insightful and authentic, the use of self-disclosure, and verification of expertise through testimonials and references. These four self-presentation strategies were applied to analyze eight entrepreneurs who have successfully built a credible presence online. These case studies were further developed through the design of online course that teaches entrepreneurs how to use impression management …


Communication At Tradeshows--Face-To-Face Versus Online, Megan C. Powers Jan 2014

Communication At Tradeshows--Face-To-Face Versus Online, Megan C. Powers

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

The question is regularly posed within communication academia as to whether computer mediated communication (CMC) is a “richer” form of communication than face-to-face (FtF). Similarly, the necessity of meeting FtF with regard to business has been repeatedly called into question since the downturn of the economy in 2008-2009. One reason professionals gather FtF is for tradeshows. This thesis looks at the quality of the communication that takes place at FtF tradeshows, and reveals attitudes and opinions with regard to the importance of the relationship-building and commerce that occurs in person and/or online. The results inform what we can and cannot …


"Preventive Leadership Program" At The Salesian University: An Exploratory Case Study, Alejandro Rodriguez Jan 2014

"Preventive Leadership Program" At The Salesian University: An Exploratory Case Study, Alejandro Rodriguez

Doctoral Dissertations

Leadership is a key factor in the quality of personal life, organizational culture, and social projection of each member in any organization. Bringing out the best of each person involved in any decision is a must for a Preventive Leader. This kind of leadership opens the possibility to develop, adapt, change and modify the theoretical construct of the definition of a leader from the Preventive horizon, the practical implications of Preventive Leadership development, and the learning and practice of Preventive leadership in a contextualized environment, creating interactions and interdependencies in a net-like pattern of relationships situated in one specific context: …


Flexible Branding: An Explorative Case Study On The Effectiveness Of An Adaptable Visual Identity, Adam Scott Houghton Jan 2014

Flexible Branding: An Explorative Case Study On The Effectiveness Of An Adaptable Visual Identity, Adam Scott Houghton

Graphic Communication

No abstract provided.


Technology And Marketing Capabilities In A Developing Economic Context: Assessing The Resource-Based View Within A Boundary Condition, Stern Neill, Gurmeet Singh, Raghuvar Dutt Pathak Jan 2014

Technology And Marketing Capabilities In A Developing Economic Context: Assessing The Resource-Based View Within A Boundary Condition, Stern Neill, Gurmeet Singh, Raghuvar Dutt Pathak

Marketing

While prior research confirms a positive relationship between organizational capabilities and performance in more developed and emerging economies, this research investigates technology and marketing capabilities in enterprises operating in a highly constrained economic context. Additionally, this research examines how managerial thinking and action influences the development of technology and marketing capabilities, which has received limited investigation in any economic context. Data were gathered by surveying managers in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga, representing isolated economies with underdeveloped product markets. Results confirm the capability-performance relationship and also support the positive influence of entrepreneurial and learning orientations on technology and marketing capability development.


Leveraging Property Tax Growth: Tax Increment Financing In Tennessee, G. Mark Mamantov, Jeffrey A. Oldham, Jordana K. Nelson, James P. Moneyhun Jr. Jan 2014

Leveraging Property Tax Growth: Tax Increment Financing In Tennessee, G. Mark Mamantov, Jeffrey A. Oldham, Jordana K. Nelson, James P. Moneyhun Jr.

Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law

Local economic development officials face the daunting challenge of attracting new businesses and promoting worthy projects in challenging economic times, when every community in the country is prepared to vigorously compete for any new project. As local economic development officials in Tennessee strive to promote their communities, they try to utilize every possible tool in the economic development toolbox to make their location as attractive as possible. At the local level, however, the breadth of incentives in Tennessee is fairly limited, and the mythical toolbox is not very full.

However, one type of incentive that has become a tool frequently …


Vestigal Literalism In The Interpretation Of Corporate Financing Instruments, Royce De R. Barondes Jan 2014

Vestigal Literalism In The Interpretation Of Corporate Financing Instruments, Royce De R. Barondes

Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law

Modernly, one will study the law of contracts as a homogeneous body of law. The conceptualization is helpful in creating an appearance of order, allowing for the development of analytical frameworks. The construct breaks down, however, on detailed inspection. This article provides an illustration by examining aspects of the law governing corporate finance—legal principles at the intersection of the law of contracts and corporation law.

This article examines the application of contract doctrine to corporate financing transactions to a number of ends. First, it illustrates substantial inconsistencies in the application of contract doctrine depending on the subject matter. Principles applied …


The University Of Tennessee College Of Law's Business Law Clinic Continues To Make An Impact For Students, Clients, And The Community, Michael R. Crowder Jan 2014

The University Of Tennessee College Of Law's Business Law Clinic Continues To Make An Impact For Students, Clients, And The Community, Michael R. Crowder

Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law

In 1992, the American Bar Association published a report entitled Legal Education and Professional Development – An Educational Consortium (commonly known as the MacCrate Report), and in 2007, the Carnegie Foundation published a report entitled Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Profession of Law, (known as the Carnegie Report). Both reports made suggestions for improving the immediate usefulness of legal education, and, although published fifteen years apart, both reports essentially advocated the same thing: that legal education should place more of an emphasis on practical skills training in order to increase its usefulness to law graduates and their employers. The disconnect …


2013 Jobs Act Review & Analysis Of Emerging Growth Company Ipos, Todd Blakeley Skelton Jan 2014

2013 Jobs Act Review & Analysis Of Emerging Growth Company Ipos, Todd Blakeley Skelton

Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law

In April 2012, the U.S. Congress passed the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) with the goals of expanding access to capital markets and increasing flexibility in capital formation. In short, the JOBS Act eases restrictions imposed by federal securities laws. These laws—primarily the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,5 as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,6 as amended (the “Dodd-Frank Act”)—are intended to protect both investors and markets.

This article …


I’M Proud Of It: Consumer Technology Appropriation And Psychological Ownership, Colleen P. Kirk, Scott D. Swain, James E. Gaskin Jan 2014

I’M Proud Of It: Consumer Technology Appropriation And Psychological Ownership, Colleen P. Kirk, Scott D. Swain, James E. Gaskin

Faculty Publications

In this conceptual paper, using the lens of self-design we examine the relationship between consumer technology appropriation and psychological ownership, suggesting that pride plays a key and multi-faceted role. Resolving discrepancies in the literature, we propose that authentic pride operates as an antecedent of psychological ownership, while hubristic pride strengthens the effect of psychological ownership on outcomes such as economic valuation and word-of-mouth. We further enrich the conceptualization by considering the moderating effects of the technology consumption context (public versus private) as well as consumers’ perceptions of situation strength (strong versus weak behavioral constraints).


Improving Password Cybersecurity Through Inexpensive And Minimally Invasive Means: Detecting And Deterring Password Reuse Through Keystroke-Dynamics Monitoring And Just-In-Time Fear Appeals, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Mark Grimes, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot, Paul Benjamin Lowry Jan 2014

Improving Password Cybersecurity Through Inexpensive And Minimally Invasive Means: Detecting And Deterring Password Reuse Through Keystroke-Dynamics Monitoring And Just-In-Time Fear Appeals, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Mark Grimes, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot, Paul Benjamin Lowry

Faculty Publications

Password reuse – using the same password for multiple accounts – is a prevalent phenomenon that can make even the most secure systems vulnerable. When passwords are reused across multiple systems, hackers may compromise accounts by stealing passwords from lowsecurity sites to access sites with higher security. Password reuse can be particularly threatening to users in developing countries in which cybersecurity training is limited, law enforcement of cybersecurity is non-existent, or in which programs to secure cyberspace are limited. This article proposes a two-pronged solution for reducing password reuse through detection and mitigation. First, based on the theories of routine, …


An Examination Of Job Analysis: Developing Interdisciplinary Strategies In Human Resource Management Facilitative Of Mitigating Propensities Of Teacher Attrition, Julio Devere Jan 2014

An Examination Of Job Analysis: Developing Interdisciplinary Strategies In Human Resource Management Facilitative Of Mitigating Propensities Of Teacher Attrition, Julio Devere

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite repeated attempts by school administrators, policymakers and researchers to diagnose and correct rising occurrences of teacher turnover, there has been little change in the actual efforts to retain teachers in academy organizations. In response, this study was conducted to describe process constraints within the academy organization that are responsible for managing teacher turnover. To provide a description of current teacher retention efforts by school administrators, a survey instrument was administered to school teachers in the State of Florida. The population sample was dispersed throughout the entire state and closely reflected the demographics of Florida school teachers. The survey addressed …


واقع البنية التحتية في العراق وإمكانات تطويرها, عقيل حميد جابر Jan 2014

واقع البنية التحتية في العراق وإمكانات تطويرها, عقيل حميد جابر

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يعد تشييد البنى التحتية ضرورة لا غنى عنها لعملية النمو والتنمية الاقتصادية لاسيما في البلدان النامية, إذ ان وجودها يعد من اهم عناصر جذب الإستثمار وتنمية الاقتصاد الوطني وتطوره, كما Yن عملية التنمية الشاملة يجب انه ترافقها خدمات للبنى التحتية موازية لها تهدف إلى تحسين الظروف المعيشية للأفراد من خلال تزويدهم بالخدمات المادية والاجتماعية . وفي العراق بدأت عملية تشييد البنى التحتية فيه بشكل مبكر وبأبسط صورها ابتداء من العهد الملكي ,ثم تطورت في حقبة الخمسينات لاسيما بعد تشكيل مجلس الاعمار ,وبدأ الإهتمام الحقيقي بها في حقبة السبعينات لاسيما بعد تزايد عوائد النفط واستمر الحال حتى بداية الثمانينات ,ولكن دخول …


Antecedents And Consequences Of Customer Experience In Beverage Establishments, Milos Bujisic Jan 2014

Antecedents And Consequences Of Customer Experience In Beverage Establishments, Milos Bujisic

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is estimated that there are approximately 42,000 beverage establishments in the U.S. whose annual revenue surpasses $20 billion (First Research, 2014). To facilitate discussion of beverage establishments, it is essential to recognize beverage establishments as businesses whose majority of sales come from alcoholic drinks (Moss, 2010a). In this research, beverage establishments are divided into beverage-only bars, bar/entertainment combinations, and food and beverage combinations. Even though they are a well-established industry, beverage establishments have received little academic attention (Moss, 2010b). For example, previous studies have given little attention to the development of the model that examines the relationships between quality …


دور الإجماع الاستراتيجي لأعضاء مجالس ادارات الشركات العامة في تعزيز فاعلية القرارات الاستراتيجية, صالح عبد الرضا رشد, حيدر محمد قاسم العبادي Jan 2014

دور الإجماع الاستراتيجي لأعضاء مجالس ادارات الشركات العامة في تعزيز فاعلية القرارات الاستراتيجية, صالح عبد الرضا رشد, حيدر محمد قاسم العبادي

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

تتناول هذه الدراسة الدور الذي لعبه الإجماع الاستراتيجي لفريق الإدارة العليا ببعديه: الإجماع حول الأهداف الاستراتيجية، والإجماع حول الأسبقيات التنافسية في تعزيز فاعلية القرارات الاستراتيجية سواء ما يتصل بجودة تلك القرارات أو سرعتها. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاراء (146) من الرؤساء وأعضاء مجالس الإدارة لعدد من شركات القطاع العام في وزارة الصناعة والمعادن العراقية بلغ عددها (21) شركة. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير ذات دلالة معنوية بين الإجماع الاستراتيجي ببعديه وفاعلية القرارات الاستراتيجية للشركات المبحوثة. وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات ذات الصلة بموضوعها، ومنها حاجة الشركات الصناعية لتطوير فلسفتها الخاصة وتوسيع اهتماماتها بالإجماع الاستراتيجي لمجالس …


تحليل اثر بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية على معدلات التضخم في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2003-2010, رزاق ذياب شعيبث الناشي Jan 2014

تحليل اثر بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية على معدلات التضخم في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2003-2010, رزاق ذياب شعيبث الناشي

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يعتبر التضخم النقدي من أهم الظواهر المعاصرة التي تعاني منها معظم الاقتصاديات العالمية، ولعل هذه الظاهرة أصبحت هاجس جميع الإقتصاديين الذين يحاولون الوصول إلى أدنى المستويات التي يمكن من خلالها القول إن الاقتصاد تعافى من التضخم، وترافق التضخم مجموعة من المشاكل الإجتماعية والسياسية لأثاره في إعادة توزيع الدخل والثروة وتسببه في عدم عدالة كبيرة في الوجهة الإجتماعية إذ يؤدي إلى زيادة الفجوة بين الطبقات الإجتماعية وكذلك إلى انحسار نشاط بعض الطبقات وخصوصا الطبقة الوسطى والى صعود بعض الطبقات كالمضاربين والسماسرة وبذلك تزداد الهوة بين أصحاب الدخول المرتفعة من جانب وأصحاب الدخول المنخفضة من جانب أخر. ويهدف البحث إلى تحليل اثر …