Business Commons^™

The Sixth Sense Garment: A State-Of-The-Art Framework For Sustainable Neurofashion, Andrew Burnstine

Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations

No abstract provided.

Digital Touchpoints: Investigating Contact Page Accessibility And Visual Authenticity Within Medical Tourism Health Websites, Alicia Mason, Elizabeth Spencer, Kristen Livingston, Treyton Meyers, Sakshi Bhati, Himika Akram

Faculty Submissions

This study examines two critical digital touchpoints on medical tourism provider (MTP) websites: (1) the accessibility of contact pages which often function as entry points for inquiries, scheduling, and pre-travel coordination, and (2) the authenticity of visual imagery used to shape expectations about care environments, personnel, and technological capacity. A sample of 105 MTPs across all six World Health Organization regions were analyzed using quantitative web accessibility testing and qualitative visual analysis. Results indicate pervasive accessibility errors on contact-page touchpoints and extensive reliance on inauthentic imagery to depict patients, providers, and medical technologies. Together, these practices may distort user expectations …

The Driving Forces Of Relative Ceo To Employee Pay, Yixi Ning, Xavier Garza-Gomez, Hongxia Wang

Finance and Economics

In this paper, we examine the driving forces of CEO to median employee pay ratios from a macro-perspective using a sample of large corporations included in the DJIA index from 1949 to 2022. We find that CEO-employee pay ratios increase with the Industry Production Index and inflation rate, but decrease with GDP per capita growth rate, unemployment rate, stock market, and industry trends. Our results also show that CEO pay structure changes from salary and bonus-dominated to option and stock-dominated pay enable CEOs to enjoy a much better pay package compared to lower-level employees, while executive pay-related regulations in the …

Finding A Home Away From Home: An Accessible Hotel And Short-Term Rental Guide, Atley E. Livingston

Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Doctorate - Doctoral Capstone Symposium

Travel has become a significant part of today’s social culture, allowing individuals to connect with family and friends, explore new environments, and engage in meaningful experiences. However, many wheelchair users report that traveling is often frustrating, inequitable, and difficult. To better understand the limitations of travel on this population, a needs assessment was conducted through a collaboration with a nationwide organization that supports the wheelchair community. Participants identified travel accommodations and the barriers they present as a major limitation to travel. The purpose of this capstone project is to analyze lodging and housing accessibility through the lens of the population, …

A Counterfactual Analysis Of The Impact Of Stock Market Absence On Economic Growth In Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries, Etsub Tekola Jemberu, Adriana Knápková, Bruce Dehning

Accounting Faculty Articles and Research

Despite the global expansion of financial markets as a strategy for financial reform over the past century, around one-sixth of the world’s countries lack a formal stock market. This paper provides novel evidence from nine sub-Saharan African countries on how the absence of stock markets impacts economic growth. Using the synthetic control method (SCM), we estimate the counterfactual GDP per capita these countries would have experienced had they established a stock market during 1993–1995. The findings reveal that the absence of a stock market resulted in substantial losses for most countries, including Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Comoros, Guinea, …

Lindenwood Joins Inaugural Educator Preparation Community Of Practice, Lindenwood University

Archived Lindenwood Press Releases

No abstract provided.

Tax Avoidance And Esg Disclosure Mandates: International Evidence, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Yongtae Kim, Hyo Jin Yoon

Faculty Publications

This paper examines how regulations mandating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure affect corporate tax behavior. Using a difference-in-differences analysis on a sample of firms from 48 countries, we find that ESG disclosure mandates lead to significant reductions in tax avoidance, with stronger effects for mandates that include tax-relevant provisions. We identify increases in ESG information transparency and improvements in firms’ ESG performance as channels through which ESG disclosure mandates reduce tax avoidance. We further find that the decrease in tax avoidance following ESG disclosure mandates is more pronounced in countries with weaker financial disclosure requirements, legal and tax enforcement, …

A Commentary On Hong And Thoroughgood (2025): Exclusion Signaling As A Complementary Mechanism In Third-Party Reactions To Witnessed Gratitude, Farzaneh Fouladi, S. R. Aurora

Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Historic, National Achievements For Missouri Pi Chapter Of Alpha Chi, Lindenwood University

Archived Lindenwood Press Releases

No abstract provided.

China Samr’S Review Process In Cross-Border Technology M&A, Gabriel A. Paknia

Honors Scholar Theses

China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) holds discretionary authority over the merger review process. This paper examines whether SAMR's review of technology and semiconductor transactions since the governing body's inception in 2018 reflects political-economic incentives beyond what competitive harm analysis alone would explain. The paper is broken into three core pillars: accessing SAMR's regulatory code to identify how flexibility to exercise discretion is codified, scrutinizing SAMR's full adverse outcome record for overrepresentation of technology and semiconductor deals, and deconstructing a semiconductor megamerger to illustrate those mechanisms with the backdrop of real time geopolitical events. I find that technology and …

Geopolitical Trade Dynamics: Assessing Global Supply Chain Risks Within International Business Environments, Thomas E. Carver Iii

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

With global economics and worldwide markets changing at a rapid pace the need to review how this effects global supply operations, risk management, and operational controls is a tactical and strategic component of organizational management. These types of international business arrangements require diversification to the supply chain networks, partnerships, and value chains in all businesses that are doing trade abroad. Geopolitics brings uncertainty to any supply chain organization and having awareness of policy, compliance, and technology strategy are key contributors during the study exploration. Having highly skilled human resource talent to support operational throughput is included in this study to …

Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones

Masters Theses

This non-experimental quantitative study examined the relationship between team payroll disparities, fan engagement, and perceptions of fairness in Major League Baseball (MLB). Guided by Competitive Balance Theory, the study sought to determine if perceived fairness influenced fan support for the implementation of a salary floor, and whether those attitudes differed across demographic and team context. Data were collected from 200 adult MLB fans residing in the United States and Canada using an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The instrument included demographic items and Likert-scale measures assessing fairness perceptions, fan engagement, and policy support. Data were analyzed using hierarchical …

The Shift In Stakeholder Attitudes Regarding The Importance Of Membership In American Evangelical Churches, Michelle Watts

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The relationship between members' perceived benefits and attendance frequency in American evangelical churches was examined using a quantitative correlational design grounded in social Exchange Theory and the Flywheel Model. Declining attendance presents ongoing organizational challenges for American evangelical churches. Using a fixed correlational research design, data were collected via an online survey administered to adult evangelical church members across geographic regions, education levels, ages, genders, and urban areas. The survey included the established and adapted Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Perceived Relational Benefit Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression to …

The Correlation Between Leadership Performance And Personality In Virtual Technology Workers, Henry C. Mullins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between leadership performance and personality traits among leaders in the technology sector, who work across the spectrum of virtuality. Personality traits were measured using the Big Five model: extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism, using the IPIP-NEO-60 instrument. Leadership performance was measured using the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) and interpreted through both the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Transformational Leadership theories. Holistically this is viewed through a Transformational Christian worldview. This study also examined the role of virtuality, defined as the extent to which an individual works from an office or remotely. Participants were …

Economic Independence And Professional Legitimacy: Colorado Businesswomen Of The 19th Century, Tyler Brinn Hobbs Freytag

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation examines the tension between legal reform and lived reality for women in Colorado during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although Colorado became the second state to grant women suffrage in 1893 and was widely celebrated as a national leader in women’s rights, the experiences of three influential women—Augusta Louise Tabor, Mary Elitch Long, and Mary Florence Lathrop—demonstrate how legal progress often failed to translate into genuine social, economic, or professional equality. Using a multidisciplinary analysis of primary sources, including court records, newspapers, diaries, and legislative documents, this study explores the disconnect between written law, its application, …

Recognition And Rewards In Healthcare: A Qualitative Exploration Of Employee Experiences Within A Single Health System, Karen B. Brodbeck

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative study, grounded in a constructivist research paradigm, explored how enhancing recognition and reward systems within a healthcare organization improved employee morale, retention, and overall organizational success. Guided by a flexible research design, the study sought to understand the lived experiences of healthcare professionals and how they perceived recognition within their organizational environments. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 to 30 participants, allowing for rich, contextualized insights into how recognition practices influenced motivation, engagement, and commitment. By examining participants’ subjective interpretations and shared meanings, the research illuminated how recognition and reward systems were experienced in practice and …

The Underutilization Of Executive Coaching As A Leadership Development Tool In The Financial Industry In Sub-Saharan Africa, Gladys Wahito Muga

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study entailed an investigation of the underutilization of executive coaching as a leadership development tool in the financial sector of Sub-Saharan Africa, where leadership challenges have hindered organizational growth and transformation. The researcher aimed to identify barriers to coaching adoption, examine leaders’ perceptions of its value compared to other development initiatives, and propose strategies to enhance its acceptance and effectiveness. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the researcher explored how executive coaching contributes to leadership and organizational performance in emerging markets. Using a constructivist paradigm and a flexible qualitative single case study design, data were collected from 139 purposively selected …

Impact Of Hierarchical Organizational Structures On Gen-Z Turnover Intention, Mason W. Doty

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project sought to address the influence hierarchical organizational structures have on Gen-Z turnover intention. Technological advancements coupled with Gen-Z entering the workforce with their unique perspectives and expectations have sparked a new phenomenon of “job-hopping.” This research focused on U.S. servicemembers and Department of War civilian employees that are employed at a military installation in Texas to evaluate turnover intention as a direct result of their hierarchical organizational structure. This research featured two survey instruments: the 6-item Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) and 25-item Expanded Multidimensional Turnover Intention Scale (EMTIS) to identify potential correlations in turnover intention across the …

The Predictive Influence Of Management Leadership Styles On Employee Retention In The Aerospace And Defense (A&D) Industry In Northern Virginia, Shawn M. Hall

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This fixed-design quantitative study evaluates the predictive influence of management leadership styles on employee retention within the Aerospace and Defense (A&D) industry in Northern Virginia. Addressing a critical decline in industry retention that impacts organizational productivity and profitability, the research utilizes a post-positivist paradigm to analyze data (N = 773) from participants across seven major A&D organizations. The study measures four primary constructs: Intent to Stay, Management Leadership Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Leader Support. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to isolate the predictive power of leadership style after controlling for demographic factors, including age, gender, role, and years …

The Effectiveness And Adaptability Of Servant Leadership Among Project Managers Managing Highly Complex Projects In Emerging Technology Domains, Fernand R. Baldonado

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative multiple case study explored the effectiveness of servant leadership practiced by project managers while managing highly complex projects in emerging technology domains. These domains included artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, and information technology (IT). Servant leadership was associated with positive team outcomes, but its application in high-uncertainty and high-risk environments, such as projects in these emerging technology domains, had remained underexplored. Data were collected from 25 mid- to senior-level project managers in public- and private-sector organizations using semi-structured interviews, document review, and field notes. Thematic analysis produced 12 themes, including guided empowerment, psychological safety as a form of risk …

Examining The Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention In The Restaurant Industry, Vincent T. Domingo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The restaurant industry continues to face significant challenges regarding labor issues and high employee turnover rates. I addressed the lack of understanding of servant leadership factors and their influence on employee job satisfaction and turnover intention within the restaurant industry. Using a fixed-design quantitative correlational approach, I examined relationships between these variables among employees of full-service small business restaurants in Hawaii. The theoretical basis for this study draws on Greenleaf’s servant leadership theory and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Data was gathered from 80 participants using the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS). …

Abusive Supervision In The Telecommunications Retail Sector: Effects On Job Satisfaction, Performance, And Employee Turnover, Zenitzia Siu

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

I addressed the problem of abusive supervision, which adversely affects job satisfaction and employee engagement, resulting in reduced organizational performance and increased turnover intentions in telecommunications retail. Guided by social exchange theory (SET), this qualitative single-case study explored how leaders interpret their awareness of their leadership behaviors, and how these interpretations align with or misalign with employees’ perceptions. The data collection involved 21 leader interviews and 25 open-ended survey responses, analyzed using SET’s deductive coding and NVivo's inductive theme development, with methodological triangulation across both data sources. Four core themes emerged deductively: (a) reciprocity, (b) trust and commitment, (c) cost …

The Impact Of Ai Visual Marketing On Customer Engagement And Purchase Intention In The Luxury Fashion Industry, Joumana Elkady, Rana Alfahed, Youssef Mohamed, Doaa Ayoub

Business Administration

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become prominent in Visual Marketing with rapid integration into Digital Marketing practices. AI-driven visuals, such as Augmented Reality, Virtual Influencers, and Generated Imagery, have all influenced Consumer Behaviour, specifically Customer Engagement and Purchase Intention of Luxury Fashion Customers, by enhancing product visualization, evoking emotional reactions, and reducing purchase uncertainty. Although the impact of AI-generated visuals is primarily notable in online environments, it also offers an enhanced experience within offline settings. AI-generated visuals enable immersive and personalized experiences that transform traditional marketing practices. Correspondingly, potential concerns like over automation, data privacy breaches, and perceived authenticity loss …

Spatial Future Ahead! Augmented Reality And Anticipated Life Consequences, Sergio Barta, Reto Felix, Chris Hinsch, Mahdokht Kalantari, Nina Krey, Philipp A. Rauschnabel

Marketing Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study explores how initial exposure to immersive spatial computing experiences using AR headsets generates lasting inspiration and shapes consumers expected long-term life consequences (i.e., enhancement of reality, perceived substitutability and social impact).

Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a time-lagged research design based on 148 first-time users of spatial computing devices (AR headsets). Respondents were interviewed once shortly after being exposed to AR and a few days later. Data is analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings: Users' immediate “inspired-by” experiences predict increased “inspired-to” intentions days later. Such inspiration translates into anticipated consequences such as virtually customizing …

Wendell W. Gunn University Commons, University Of North Alabama

Documents

Naming Ceremony for the Academic Commons Building at UNA

New Marker Unveiled To Honor Una, Jeff Mcintyre

Documents

A new marker was unveiled to honor the University of North Alabama as being the only college football team in history to win three consecutive national championships- The TimesDaily 

There's 'No Place Like Home' For Una Lions, Jeff Hodges

Documents

News article in The Florence Times-Tri-Cities Daily on the impact Flowers Hall has for the UNA Lions and their at home win ratio.

Hall Of Fame- Hal Self (Induction Class Of 1990), University Of North Alabama

Documents

Hal Self-- Hall of Fame Class induction of 1990. The Flowers Hall Annex, now known as the UNA Athletics Offices, was renamed in honor of Self (Self Field House)

Director Of Physical Education, Diorama 1949

Documents

Hubert A. Flowers was Director of Physical Education. Flowers Hall was named after him.

Flowers Hall To Undergo Updates For Division I Move, Jacob Cole

Documents

Updates to Flowers Hall to compete in Division I athletics--The Flor-Ala