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Full-Text Articles in Business

Spaces Of Progress And The Challenge Of “Mindfulness” In A Postcolonial World, M. Satish Kumar Aug 2024

Spaces Of Progress And The Challenge Of “Mindfulness” In A Postcolonial World, M. Satish Kumar

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Progress implied both change and improvement in the colonial and postcolonial world. Such a concept of progress came to be enshrined in specific geographical places. The notions of development and underdevelopment in the postcolonial context thereafter supplanted this idea. Over time, while the structures of colonial domination dissolved, those of embedded regional inequalities came to be deeply entrenched, thereby urging for Thich Nhat Hanh’s approach to “mindfulness” in a “postcapitalist,” postcolonial world. The key question is whether postcolonialism has reached an impasse in its delivery and deployment of ideas across the widening gulf between the spaces of progress and stagnancy. …

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Notes On The Future Possibilities Of Engaged Anthropological Research: Why Decolonizing Anthropology Needs Black Diasporic Feminist Theory And Methodologies, Meryleen Mena Aug 2024

Notes On The Future Possibilities Of Engaged Anthropological Research: Why Decolonizing Anthropology Needs Black Diasporic Feminist Theory And Methodologies, Meryleen Mena

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

While in the past decade there have been more ethnographic accounts that shed light on minoritized stories and demystify the specific challenges that women and femmes experience during their research, much is desired to prepare students and junior scholars from marginalized identities for fieldwork research. Reflecting on a moment of precarity in the context of pre-impeachment São Paulo, I explain why the integration of Black diasporic feminist thought, method, and praxis is critical to further decolonizing efforts in anthropology. Beyond reflection, this narrative calls for sustained politically active engagement to establish an anthropology of liberation.

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Author Biographical Notes Aug 2024

Author Biographical Notes

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.

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Factors Influencing Online Repurchase Intention In Indonesia’S E-Commerce Market: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Egia Etha, Pijar Suciati, Ajenk N. Citra Jul 2024

Factors Influencing Online Repurchase Intention In Indonesia’S E-Commerce Market: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Egia Etha, Pijar Suciati, Ajenk N. Citra

Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

The rapid expansion of e-Commerce in Indonesia has revolutionized consumer behavior, shifting preferences from traditional retail to the dynamic world of online shopping. This paradigm shift necessitates a deep understanding of consumer online buying behavior, which unfolds in two critical stages: initial purchase intention and the all-important repurchase intention. The latter is a key determinant of e-Commerce success, reflecting customer loyalty and the overall health of an online business. This research delves into the significant factors driving Indonesian consumers' online repurchase intentions, employing a robust quantitative methodology. A comprehensive survey was conducted with 200 e-commerce shoppers, utilizing both email and …

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Foreword From Editor - 15th Edition, Yandi Andri Yatmo Jul 2024

Foreword From Editor - 15th Edition, Yandi Andri Yatmo

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

In this edition, AJCE thoroughly explores the topic of community engagement programs and their impact, as well as innovative and integrative approaches that highlight their potential to improve the community’s livelihood. This issue features four research articles with unique perspectives on community engagement, one review article that critically evaluates existing approaches, and three case-based articles that explore various concepts further and offer practical insights. The contributors to this edition cover diverse expertise in business and economy, humanity and social sciences, communication, design, and education, presenting a comprehensive range of perspectives on community engagement and its practical implementations.

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Enhancing The Visibility Of Traditional Craft Puspa Rinengga Batik Through Online Marketing Approaches, Mimi Savitri, Hayatul Cholsy, Uswatun Hasanah Jul 2024

Enhancing The Visibility Of Traditional Craft Puspa Rinengga Batik Through Online Marketing Approaches, Mimi Savitri, Hayatul Cholsy, Uswatun Hasanah

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This study addresses the visibility of traditional craft and focuses on developing a strategy to increase its exposure through online marketing platforms. Puspa Rinengga Batik Studio, a small and medium-sized enterprise in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, specializes in creating batik with jangkang motifs. Despite their unique craft, the studio struggled with marketing their products, resulting in an imbalance between production and sales. This study explores a strategy to boost sales by leveraging social media for digital marketing. The approach involves empowering the community through workshops and implementing a sustainability program. As a result of this initiative, the studio successfully utilized social …

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Determinan Implementasi Central Bank Digital Currency Di Indonesia, Kharisma Dwi Widodo, Bambang Juanda, Dedi Budiman Hakim Jul 2024

Determinan Implementasi Central Bank Digital Currency Di Indonesia, Kharisma Dwi Widodo, Bambang Juanda, Dedi Budiman Hakim

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Private digital currency is no longer limited to shadow banking issues but has also entered shadow central banking, putting Bank Indonesia to adopt the CBDC. This study aims to determine the effect of macroeconomic, accessibility, and demographic aspects on CBDC implementation, as well as the impact of publicity on changes in the behavior of economic actors in using CBDC in Indonesia. The results of the study show that GRDP, gini ratio, ICT, and bank accounts have an effect on CBDC. Publicity affects changes in the behavior of economic actors in increasing the conversion of fiat money to CBDC.

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Social Entrepreneurship In Sustainable Development: Strengthening The Environmental Perspective, Muhammad Iqbal Rezky, Rasto Rasto Jul 2024

Social Entrepreneurship In Sustainable Development: Strengthening The Environmental Perspective, Muhammad Iqbal Rezky, Rasto Rasto

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Social entrepreneurship and sustainable development are closely related concepts. Social entrepreneurship applies entrepreneurial attributes with a focus on solving major social issues. The relationship between the two demonstrates the contribution of social entrepreneurship in addressing social and environmental problems, reducing poverty, and fostering sustainable economic growth. This research employs a bibliometric approach to analyze trends and patterns in 181 relevant articles published between 2015 and 2023. Findings indicate significant growth in research between 2019 and 2021. Countries and institutions such as Spain, the United States, and Universitat de Valencia stand out in these publications. The bibliometric analysis also reveals influential …

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Market-Based Conservation Preference In The Forest Conservation Business, Rizaldy Yudhista Yudhista, Mahawan Karuniasa, Raldi Hendro Koestoer Jul 2024

Market-Based Conservation Preference In The Forest Conservation Business, Rizaldy Yudhista Yudhista, Mahawan Karuniasa, Raldi Hendro Koestoer

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Earth is on the verge of rising temperatures above 1.5˚ Celsius. Passing the limit of 1.5˚ Celsius is a significant risk in living on earth as it will increase the risks of natural disasters such as drought, flood, and storm. With forests capable of absorbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the need for forest conservation areas is increasing to keep the earth's temperature below 1.5˚ Celsius. The increase in demand is facing hurdles from its financial sustainability, as well as the stakeholder's paradigm, which is still seen as a forest from a direct economic perspective. Market-based initiatives (MBI) are a concept …

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Life Cycle Assessment Of Plastic Packaging Production, Kinanti Larasati, Evi Frimawaty, Ellyna Chairani Jul 2024

Life Cycle Assessment Of Plastic Packaging Production, Kinanti Larasati, Evi Frimawaty, Ellyna Chairani

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The plastic packaging industry has become a significant commodity that penetrates almost every aspect of our lives, requiring greater responsibility from the industry for the life cycle management of their products. Several study methodologies are available to measure the industry's environmental impact, with life cycle analysis (LCA) gaining traction in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to measure the environmental impact of the plastic packaging industry analyzed using LCA with a focus on the main potential impact categories of global warming, acidification of the earth, toxicity to humans, formation of photochemical oxidants, and fossil depletion, within the scope of cradle to …

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Faculty Diversity, Accreditation, And Sport Management, B. Nalani Butler, Thomas Aicher, Ryan Turcott Jul 2024

Faculty Diversity, Accreditation, And Sport Management, B. Nalani Butler, Thomas Aicher, Ryan Turcott

The COSMA Journal

The lack of racial and gender diversity of faculty within sport management programs has been an area of concern for years. This is an exploratory longitudinal study that compared sport management faculty diversity over the course of five-years to investigate and understand how racial and gender diversity within Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) accredited sport management programs has evolved over the years. A content analysis based on the Racial and Gender Report Card (RGRC) created by The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport (TIDES) was used to determine faculty diversity amongst COSMA accredited sport management programs. Results indicated …

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Factors Influencing Turnaround Success In Financially Distressed Tourism, Hotel, And Restaurant Companies Listed On Idx (2020-2023), Alyaa Rabbani Tresnajaya, Nanny Dewi Tanzil, Adisti Gilang Cempaka Jul 2024

Factors Influencing Turnaround Success In Financially Distressed Tourism, Hotel, And Restaurant Companies Listed On Idx (2020-2023), Alyaa Rabbani Tresnajaya, Nanny Dewi Tanzil, Adisti Gilang Cempaka

Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted business activities across various industries, leading many companies to face financial distress. Companies opting to continue their business operations may undergo corporate restructuring to sustain and reverse their performance (turnaround). This study aims to analyze the influence of management actions based on restructuring and economic conditions, including expense retrenchment, asset retrenchment, DER ratio, CEO turnover, and GDP, on the success of turnaround in companies experiencing financial distress, with free assets and firm size set as control variables. The Altman Z-Score model will be employed as a measurement of financial distress. This study's subjects are …

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Keabsahan Dan Eksekusi Invoice Sebagai Jaminan Pembiayaan Pada Produk Digital Lending Pt Pegadaian, Josephine Felicia Putri Bramanto -, Abdul Salam Jul 2024

Keabsahan Dan Eksekusi Invoice Sebagai Jaminan Pembiayaan Pada Produk Digital Lending Pt Pegadaian, Josephine Felicia Putri Bramanto -, Abdul Salam

Lex Patrimonium

This thesis analyzes the validity and execution of invoices as collateral for financing digital lending products offered by PT Pegadaian in the event of default or fictitious invoices based on doctrinal research methods and supported by the results of interviews with PT Pegadaian. In 2020, PT Pegadaian launched a digital lending-based Productive Capital Loan product with invoice guarantees. Through this product, MSME players who want to get a business capital loan can apply for a loan secured by an online debt collection letter (invoice), which is then charged with a fiduciary guarantee. An invoice is basically a document that proves …

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Human Capital Development And Industrial Sector Growth In Sub Saharan African Countries. An Augmented Pooled Mean Group Estimator, Enongene Betrand Ewane, Etah Ivo Ewane Jul 2024

Human Capital Development And Industrial Sector Growth In Sub Saharan African Countries. An Augmented Pooled Mean Group Estimator, Enongene Betrand Ewane, Etah Ivo Ewane

Arab Economic and Business Journal

Human capital is considered a vital catalyst for industrial sector growth. However, the lack of relevant skills and technical expertise can be a great setback to industrial growth. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of human capital development on industrial sector growth in Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study makes use of World Bank data from 1972 to 2021 using a heterogeneous dynamic panel modeling. Due to cross-sectional dependence, both the first and second-generation unit root tests were examined in the study showing evidence of mixed order of integration. The study employed other econometric methods in the …

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Impact Of Unemployment, Income Inequality, Inflation Rate, And Political Stability On Poverty: An Empirical Study Of Nepal, Arjun Kumar Dahal, Prem Bahadur Budhathoki, Ganesh Bhattarai Jul 2024

Impact Of Unemployment, Income Inequality, Inflation Rate, And Political Stability On Poverty: An Empirical Study Of Nepal, Arjun Kumar Dahal, Prem Bahadur Budhathoki, Ganesh Bhattarai

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines the impact of income inequality, political stability, inflation rate, and economic growth on poverty in Nepal. It is based on the positivist research philosophy and quantitative. This study is based on secondary data, covering 33 data points from 1990 to 2022, which are collected from reports from the World Bank and economic surveys of Nepal. Simple economic tools like descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, Omnibus ANOVA test, multicollinearity test, Durbin-Waston test for autocorrelation, normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), Q-Q plots, residual plots are used in the analysis. Income inequality and political stability are statistically significant in determining poverty, but …

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Motivation In Entrepreneurship: A Guarantee Of Entrepreneurial Success, Mayela Del Rayo Lechuga-Nevárez Jul 2024

Motivation In Entrepreneurship: A Guarantee Of Entrepreneurial Success, Mayela Del Rayo Lechuga-Nevárez

Arab Economic and Business Journal

Amid the complex social and economic environment, motivation in entrepreneurs is vital. Thus, this study aims to analyze motivation as an essential element in entrepreneurship in the city of Victoria de Durango, Dgo. A quantitative method with a cross-sectional scope and a questionnaire were used. The study employed a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, considering the characteristics of the sample, which was determined following the inclusion criterion which is entrepreneurship from the city of Victoria de Durango. A total of 100 entrepreneurs from a population of 134 were studied. The findings of the study showed that motivation has a significant impact on …

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Factors Affecting Adoption Of Cooking Gas In Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria, Muhammad-Bashir Owolabi Yusuf, Ridwan Olabisi Yusuff, Dauda Ishola Jimoh Jul 2024

Factors Affecting Adoption Of Cooking Gas In Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria, Muhammad-Bashir Owolabi Yusuf, Ridwan Olabisi Yusuff, Dauda Ishola Jimoh

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This research delved into the influencing factors behind the adoption of cooking gas in the Ilorin metropolis. The primary aim was to investigate the growing trend of adopting cooking gas in this area. The study utilized Binary Logistic Regression as its analytical method to assess the relationships between various variables. The findings unveiled several key insights. Firstly, there exists a noteworthy negative correlation between the age of households and their inclination toward adopting cooking gas (0.641, p < 0.05). On the other hand, the level of education displayed a positive but insignificant association with gas adoption. Factors like Family Size, Occupation, Safety, and the Availability of other energy sources demonstrated a positive yet insignificant correlation with the adoption of cooking gas. Notably, household income exhibited a statistically significant positive relationship with cooking gas adoption (1.547, p < 0.05). Conversely, the presence of gas shops showed an insignificant positive relationship with households' decisions to adopt cooking gas. Moreover, the level of awareness and social influence exhibited insignificant negative associations with households' decisions to adopt cooking gas. Aligned with these findings, the study proposes recommendations for action. It suggests that the Nigerian government should focus on elevating educational standards and promoting an improved quality of life to incentivize fuel substitution. This shift can lead to more efficient energy usage and mitigate adverse environmental, social, and health impacts. This approach can significantly reduce wood energy consumption, subsequently relieving pressure on wood resources and aiding in the effort to combat deforestation.

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Modeling Per Capita Income And Its Dependence On Literacy Rate, Jasneet Kaur Wadhwa, Arun P Jul 2024

Modeling Per Capita Income And Its Dependence On Literacy Rate, Jasneet Kaur Wadhwa, Arun P

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This paper challenges the idea that India's economic liberalization in 1991 was solely responsible for the transition in Per Capita Income (PCI). The paper investigates the complex dynamics between educational attainment, economic policies, and their impact on PCI in India. By analyzing the relationship between PCI and literacy rate, the study aims to answer the intriguing question of whether the strong correlation observed between PCI and the literacy rate is a mere coincidence. Additionally, looking at the diode equation's good fit to the data on PCI vs literacy rate, for the period 1980-2020, the study attempts to determine whether or …

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Analysis Of Key Audit Matters Disclosures In Financial Reporting: The First Evidence From Indonesia, Gamal Batara, Jalaluddin Jalaluddin, M. Rizal Yahya Jul 2024

Analysis Of Key Audit Matters Disclosures In Financial Reporting: The First Evidence From Indonesia, Gamal Batara, Jalaluddin Jalaluddin, M. Rizal Yahya

Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business

The aim of this study is to explore the first year of Key Audit Matters (KAMs) disclosure in Indonesia, which has been fully adopted since 2022. The research reports on matters published in 806 statutory audit reports of listed companies in 2022. This study provides the first description of KAMs disclosure by Indonesian public companies. The findings suggest that the most common KAM disclosures are related to "allowance for doubtful debt," "revenue (excluding fraud)," "valuation of inventories," "fixed assets (including depreciation)," and "property valuation." The study found differences between Big-4 auditors and non-Big-4 auditors concerning the average number of KAMs …

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Females In Corporate Board Diversity And Its Impact On Earnings Quality, Kenny Ardillah Jul 2024

Females In Corporate Board Diversity And Its Impact On Earnings Quality, Kenny Ardillah

Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business

Earnings quality is formed on corporate governance. The company's internal governance mechanism consists of the president director, the finance director, the board of directors, commissioners, and the audit committee. However, there is still a lack of studies exploring the relationship between female in-board diversity and earnings quality, especially in Indonesia. It is because Indonesia has a unique corporate governance system, even though Indonesia follows a corporate governance system on the European continent, namely the two-tier boards. This study aims to determine the influence of female president directors, female finance directors, female board of directors, female board of commissioners, and female …

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Analysis Of Global Tourism And Creative Economy Trends To Support Jakarta As A Global City, Banu Muhammad Haidlir, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa, Basuki Muhammad Mukhlish Jul 2024

Analysis Of Global Tourism And Creative Economy Trends To Support Jakarta As A Global City, Banu Muhammad Haidlir, Budiman Mahmud Musthofa, Basuki Muhammad Mukhlish

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

The city of Jakarta is currently faced with new challenges to become a global city because the status of the country's capital has been revoked. The transformation of Jakarta into a global city requires in-depth study by exploring global trends and looking for the city's potential so that Jakarta can become a globally competitive city. One of the areas that is the focus of this study is tourism and the creative economy. The aim of this study is to analyze global and national trends in tourism and the creative economy. Through library research and document study methods, the author discovered …

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Effectiveness Of Generative Ai In Craft Beer Promotional Campaigns For Small Breweries, Christopher Eastment, Jangwoo Jo Jul 2024

Effectiveness Of Generative Ai In Craft Beer Promotional Campaigns For Small Breweries, Christopher Eastment, Jangwoo Jo

ICHRIE Research Reports

The study explores the effectiveness of Generative AI, specifically Large Language Models (LLMs), in creating promotional campaigns for small breweries, with a focus on Burns Family Artisan Ales' Cold Spell IPA. It assesses the potential of LLMs in crafting narratives and marketing strategies, balancing creativity and relevance to the brand's identity. The research examines the LLM's capabilities in producing both textual and visual content, evaluating their alignment with marketing objectives and brand ethos. The findings reveal strengths in textual content creation but limitations in visual content, emphasizing the need for human oversight. The study contributes insights into integrating AI in …

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Harnessing The Power Of Large Language Models (Llms) In Crafting Employee Manuals: A Case Study Of A Small Local Restaurant, Camille Rawinski, Jangwoo Jo Jul 2024

Harnessing The Power Of Large Language Models (Llms) In Crafting Employee Manuals: A Case Study Of A Small Local Restaurant, Camille Rawinski, Jangwoo Jo

ICHRIE Research Reports

This study examines the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in creating employee manuals for small businesses, focusing on a family-owned restaurant. Addressing the psychological contract theory, the research explores how LLMs can aid in drafting manuals that articulate implicit employer-employee expectations within the unique context of small businesses. The study involves a comprehensive content analysis of an LLM-generated manual, evaluating its legal compliance, operational relevance, and alignment with the restaurant's culture. Results highlight LLMs' potential in addressing resource and expertise constraints while also underscoring challenges such as ensuring legal accuracy and maintaining the nuances of the psychological …

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Lessons Learned: Guillermo Ortiz Martínez, Mercedes Cardona Jul 2024

Lessons Learned: Guillermo Ortiz Martínez, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Guillermo Ortiz Martínez served as undersecretary of finance and public credit in Mexico’s federal government from 1988 to 1994. He became secretary in December 1994 in the administration of Ernesto Zedillo and served until December 1997. As undersecretary, he was president of the bank privatization committee and the chief negotiator for Mexico during the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) negotiations in 1991 to 1993. He was governor of the Bank of Mexico from January 1998 to December 2009 and is currently partner and member of the board of BTG Pactual, a Brazilian investment bank. This Lesson Learned summary is …

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Lessons Learned: Paul Boothe, Mary Anne Chute Lynch Jul 2024

Lessons Learned: Paul Boothe, Mary Anne Chute Lynch

Journal of Financial Crises

Paul Boothe served as Canada’s senior associate deputy minister of industry during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009. Boothe led the Canadian federal government’s negotiation team during the restructuring talks with Chrysler and General Motors (GM). He also negotiated with the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW), a union that included Tier 1 auto parts suppliers for all the major auto manufacturers worldwide. Canada aligned with the United States government to rescue the auto manufacturers and provided 20% of the funding to rescue the corporations and suppliers. From 2004 to 2005, Boothe served as the associate deputy minister of finance and …

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Lessons Learned: Daniela Klingebiel, Yasemin Sim Esmen Jul 2024

Lessons Learned: Daniela Klingebiel, Yasemin Sim Esmen

Journal of Financial Crises

Daniela Klingebiel was principal portfolio manager with the World Bank’s Pension and Endowment Department, Hedge Funds, during the Global Financial Crisis. Throughout her career, she has written many papers on financial crises, comparing various governments’ attempts to manage them and dissecting what has worked and why. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Klingebiel held on February 4 and March 3, 2021.

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Lessons Learned: Bo Lundgren, Maryann Haggerty Jul 2024

Lessons Learned: Bo Lundgren, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Bo Lundgren was Sweden’s cabinet minister for fiscal and financial affairs from 1991 to 1994, making him a key leader in managing the nation’s severe financial crisis during those years. Lundgren had a decades-long political career as a member of the Swedish Parliament from 1975 to 2004, was leader of the Moderate Party (1999–2003), and vice president of the European People’s Party in the European Union. He also served from 2004 to 2013 as director general of the Swedish National Debt Office, the country’s central financial agency. Drawing on his experiences in the Swedish crisis, Lundgren has shared his views …

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Lessons For The Discount Window From The March 2023 Bank Failures, Susan Mclaughlin Jul 2024

Lessons For The Discount Window From The March 2023 Bank Failures, Susan Mclaughlin

Journal of Financial Crises

The speed of the bank runs that occurred in the United States in March 2023 took most by surprise. The ensuing policy debate about reform has focused very little on the role of the Federal Reserve’s discount window and how it could be made more fit for purpose in mitigating risks to financial stability emanating from the banking system. Making the discount window a more effective financial stability tool will require actions both to reduce the stigma associated with borrowing and improve the operational agility and readiness of the Fed as lender and banks as borrowers. A number of frictions …

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India: Yes Bank Restructuring, 2020, Salil Gupta Jul 2024

India: Yes Bank Restructuring, 2020, Salil Gupta

Journal of Financial Crises

Yes Bank was suffering from liquidity outflows in the second half of 2019 owing to a combination of deposit withdrawals, invocation of pledged shares, losses from extraordinary credit provisions, and overexposure to stressed sectors like power and infrastructure. In December 2019, Yes Bank reported a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio at 0.6%, far below the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) mandated levels, and a quarterly loss of 185 billion Indian rupees (INR; USD 2.5 billion). In early March 2020, the RBI and the Ministry of Finance announced a restructuring plan for India’s fourth-largest private bank, Yes Bank, to prevent …

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Fhlb Dividends: Low-Hanging Fruit For Reconfiguring Fhlb Lending, Steven Kelly, Susan Mclaughlin, Andrew Metrick Jul 2024

Fhlb Dividends: Low-Hanging Fruit For Reconfiguring Fhlb Lending, Steven Kelly, Susan Mclaughlin, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

In the United States, the lender-of-last-resort tool is the Federal Reserve’s discount window. Despite countervailing policy efforts, substantial market stigma remains associated with borrowing from the discount window. It is in this context that market participants have come to view the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) as an alternative to the Fed’s discount window for backstop liquidity needs—despite the FHLBs’ relatively constrained abilities to play this role. Notably, however, the FHLBs don’t just benefit from discount window stigma; the FHLBs reinforce discount window stigma with their subsidized pricing. The FHLBs are government-sponsored enterprises—and as such can fund themselves at government …

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