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Full-Text Articles in Business

Nonprofit Leader Strategies For Revenue Growth And Financial Sustainability, William David Woods Jan 2023

Nonprofit Leader Strategies For Revenue Growth And Financial Sustainability, William David Woods

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nonprofit leaders must ceaselessly endeavor to become more entrepreneurial by accumulating strategies for growing organizational revenue and promoting financial sustainability when charitable contributions cannot fund their business operations. The failure to obtain charitable contributions can lead to nonprofit closure. Grounded in behavioral portfolio theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies a leader of a small Wisconsin nonprofit used to increase revenue and financial sustainability when charitable contributions were insufficient to finance business operations. Data collection included semistructured interviews; organizational documents and reports; financial records and reports; social media; and internet reports. Data were analyzed …


Strategies That Small And Medium-Size Business Owners Use To Repay Bank Loan Obligations In Lagos, Nigeria, Taiwo Bamikole Ala Jan 2023

Strategies That Small And Medium-Size Business Owners Use To Repay Bank Loan Obligations In Lagos, Nigeria, Taiwo Bamikole Ala

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The failure of businesses to repay loans adversely affects credit markets. Small and medium-sized (SME) business owners in Lagos, Nigeria, are concerned because financial institutions are unwilling to provide credit because of the low loan repayment performance of those who have received credit in the past. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies some SME owners use to successfully repay bank loan obligations to sustain their businesses. The participants were three SME owners in Lagos, Nigeria, who successfully repaid their bank loans. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and …


Relationship Between An Entrepreneur’S Self-Efficacy, Self-Leadership, And Startup Sustainability In Nigeria, Juliet Ehimuan Jan 2023

Relationship Between An Entrepreneur’S Self-Efficacy, Self-Leadership, And Startup Sustainability In Nigeria, Juliet Ehimuan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Self-efficacy and self-leadership have been identified as important indicators of business sustainability. Business owners and investors are concerned about sustainability because most businesses fail within the first five years. Grounded in self-efficacy and self-leadership theories, the purpose of this quantitative correlation study was to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, self-leadership and startup sustainability. The participants were 156 entrepreneurs who completed the entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale and the abbreviated self-leadership questionnaire delivered via email. The multiple linear regression analysis results indicated the model was able to significantly predict startup sustainability, F(2, 129) = 432.47, p < .001, R2 = .87. Self-efficacy provided a significant contribution to the model (t = 8.424, p = < .001, β = .914). In contrast, the contribution of self-leadership was not significant (t = 0.185, p = .853, β = .20). A key recommendation is the utilization of mentoring programs and structured leadership internships that enhance self-efficacy by providing startup leaders with exposure to more seasoned corporate leaders, and successful peers who have had similar experiences to theirs. The implications for positive social change include the potential development of training and capacity-building programs that can be provided to entrepreneurs and other startup leaders to enhance their ability to sustain their startups, leading to more successful businesses, job creation, and economic growth.


Exploring The Benefits Of A Collaboration Between Behavioral Health Coaches And Clinicians, Devan White Jan 2023

Exploring The Benefits Of A Collaboration Between Behavioral Health Coaches And Clinicians, Devan White

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This case study addressed how to best use health coaches in the field of behavioral health to improve the accessibility and outreach of a new program launched by the target organization that emphasizes coaching as an intervention for improving well-being and mental fitness. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the potential influence of coaching within the behavioral health field and explore how health coaches could partner with clinicians or behavioral health leaders to allow for more collaboration and accessibility to services. The RQs centered on how health coaches might support the treatment of those who have …


Strategies That Small And Medium-Size Business Owners Use To Repay Bank Loan Obligations In Lagos, Nigeria, Taiwo Bamikole Ala Jan 2023

Strategies That Small And Medium-Size Business Owners Use To Repay Bank Loan Obligations In Lagos, Nigeria, Taiwo Bamikole Ala

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The failure of businesses to repay loans adversely affects credit markets. Small and medium-sized (SME) business owners in Lagos, Nigeria, are concerned because financial institutions are unwilling to provide credit because of the low loan repayment performance of those who have received credit in the past. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies some SME owners use to successfully repay bank loan obligations to sustain their businesses. The participants were three SME owners in Lagos, Nigeria, who successfully repaid their bank loans. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and …


Strategies For Sustaining Leisure And Hospitality Small Businesses, Kip Cheruiyot Jan 2023

Strategies For Sustaining Leisure And Hospitality Small Businesses, Kip Cheruiyot

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Disruptive events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, impact leisure and hospitality businesses by disrupting customer patronage and business operations. Small business owners in the leisure and hospitality industry risk revenue loss and business failure when they cannot remain operational during disruptive events. Grounded in the blue ocean theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies leisure and hospitality small business owners used to sustain their businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants comprised five leisure and hospitality small business owners in the central region of Texas who had successful business operations before the COVID-19 pandemic in …


Sex Offenders’ Risk Assessment Process And Effects On Jurisdiction Transitioning, Lonnie Keith Grabowska Jan 2023

Sex Offenders’ Risk Assessment Process And Effects On Jurisdiction Transitioning, Lonnie Keith Grabowska

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe Adam Walsh Act created sex offender notification and registration requirements to encourage state compliance toward federal guidelines and assigned threat levels to registered sex offenders using mandated assessment processes. Researchers have pointed out that the transition by states using tiered assessment processes to the federally mandated guidelines has led to operational changes to state registration procedures. The purpose of this quantitative study was to understand the effects and impacts on jurisdictions transitioning the designation of registered sex offenders’ threat assessment levels from a formal risk-based assessment process to the mandated Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act conviction-based assessment tool …


Stigma Associated With Invisible Disabilities And Its Effect On Intended Disclosure In The Workplace, Jessica Lynne Hicksted Jan 2023

Stigma Associated With Invisible Disabilities And Its Effect On Intended Disclosure In The Workplace, Jessica Lynne Hicksted

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Disability discrimination is a long-standing issue that, despite protections, continues to result in unemployment, underemployment, and lack of advancement for disabled persons. Visible stigma is researched substantially; however, less is known about the impact of stigma associated with identities that can be concealed. Although researchers have investigated this issue, currently there is no tool to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this quantitative study was to create and validate a new tool to measure stigma associated with invisible disabilities. The study is grounded by Roberts’ conceptual model of professional image construction integrating social identity, impression management, and organizational behavior; Meisenbach’s …


Successful Digital Marketing Strategies Of Independent Artists, Wendy Renee Hicks Jan 2023

Successful Digital Marketing Strategies Of Independent Artists, Wendy Renee Hicks

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of effective digital marketing strategies can hinder profitability for independent artists. Artists who cannot develop digital marketing strategies are at risk of not sustaining their independent businesses. Based on the foundational principle of marketing mix as its conceptual lens, the purpose of this qualitative, exploratory multiple case study was to explore what digital marketing strategies some independent artists used to achieve and sustain profitability. The participants were nine independent artists on the east coast of the United States who published original music at a profit during the last 5 years. Data were collected from semistructured interviews. Data were …


The Impact Of Using A Financial Advisor On Financial Success, William Lance Hocutt Jan 2023

The Impact Of Using A Financial Advisor On Financial Success, William Lance Hocutt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Planning for retirement is a practical approach to preparing for an excellent financial quality of life post career. However, individuals do not have the human capital to make optimal financial decisions or know whom to turn to for financial advice when they obtain human capital. This quantitative, correlational study examined the relationship between having a financial advisor, income, education, age, gender, marital status, racial status, employment status, the number of children under 19 years old in the household, and perceived financial success. The chosen theoretical foundation for this study was human capital theory. They used 944 data sets from the …


The Relationship Between Leadership Styles And Call Center Workers’ Organizational Commitment, Andrea L. Lamar Jan 2023

The Relationship Between Leadership Styles And Call Center Workers’ Organizational Commitment, Andrea L. Lamar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The call center industry is instrumental in servicing the consumer in many facets of service-oriented presales and aftersales support. Little is known about the relationship between leadership styles, call center workers, and organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leadership styles transformational, transactional, laissez-faire, and outcomes of leadership with organizational commitment in a call center environment. Using Survey Monkey, a data collection agency, a nonprobability convenience sampling procedure was used to select the 350 call center workers' samples. The analysis used was Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. The study used multifactor leadership and organizational …


Challenges With Multicultural Leadership For Project Managers: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study, Harrison Nnaemeka Nnaji Jan 2023

Challenges With Multicultural Leadership For Project Managers: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study, Harrison Nnaemeka Nnaji

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Culturally diverse teams are becoming the norm with the rising trend of globalization. The phenomenon has been associated with a rise in the number of multicultural teams with diversified team members. The central problem addressed in this study relates to inadequate understanding of challenges posed to project managers of multicultural software development teams operating in Nigeria. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore challenges faced by this population. Avruch’s theory of culture, the Human needs theory by Burton, and the cross-cultural adaptation theory by Kim were the conceptual frameworks for this study. Participants included 15 project …


Strategies For Promoting Inclusion And Employee Engagement To Improve Remote Teams’ Performance, Bruce Edward Richardson Jan 2023

Strategies For Promoting Inclusion And Employee Engagement To Improve Remote Teams’ Performance, Bruce Edward Richardson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

External factors such as the pandemic have forced organizational leaders to embrace flexible work structures. Differences in remote versus collocated workplaces escalate the importance for company leaders to uncover strategies to maintain employee engagement and performance. Grounded in the organizational support theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies leaders of remote, diverse teams with high engagement and inclusion use to achieve high team performance. Data were collected using semistructured interviews from a purposeful sampling of five nationally distributed managers. A thematic analysis uncovered three themes: flexible leadership behavior, fair execution of human resource policy and …


Strategies To Reduce Voluntary Turnover In The Automotive Manufacturing Industry, Mattie Patricia Wilson Jan 2023

Strategies To Reduce Voluntary Turnover In The Automotive Manufacturing Industry, Mattie Patricia Wilson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractWhen employees leave their jobs voluntarily, the unexpected loss can significantly impact a company's bottom line, including a drop in revenue, morale, and productivity. Employee turnover is a challenge for plant managers in automotive manufacturing because of the high expense of recruiting, hiring, and orienting new workers. Grounded in Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies plant managers in the automotive manufacturing industry use to reduce voluntary employee turnover. The participants were four Alabama manufacturing plant managers who reduced excessive employee turnover. Semistructured interviews and available public information were used to collect data. …


Managerial Strategies To Improve Warehouse Safety Culture, Rasheen J. Chatmon Jan 2023

Managerial Strategies To Improve Warehouse Safety Culture, Rasheen J. Chatmon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

An unsuccessful safety program can negatively affect warehouse efficiency, profitability, and reputation. To provide a safe work environment, warehouse leaders need guidance on establishing policies and training to ensure that all employees are adequately trained and understand the safety expectations of the organization. Grounded in high-reliability organization theory, the purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore managerial strategies to improve the warehouse safety culture. The participants were five warehouse managers who demonstrated the ability to successfully improve their organization's safety culture. Data were collected through virtual semistructured interviews and reviews of organizational documentation. The data were analyzed using …


Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies To Enhance The Profitability Of Firms, Franklin Alexander De La Rosa Jan 2023

Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies To Enhance The Profitability Of Firms, Franklin Alexander De La Rosa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies can negatively impact a company’s competitive advantage. A lack of competitive advantage may lead a business leader to experience poor performance and lost profits. Grounded in the stakeholder theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies some commercial banking, loan, and savings association leaders used to ensure successful CSR programs to enhance profitability. Participants comprised four leaders in Puerto Rico who successfully established CSR strategies to improve organizational profitability. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and banking websites. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Three themes emerged: …


Strategies Aircraft Manufacturing Organizational Leaders Use For Proper Material Pricing, Chin Kuei Jen Jan 2023

Strategies Aircraft Manufacturing Organizational Leaders Use For Proper Material Pricing, Chin Kuei Jen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of proper material pricing strategies can challenge manufacturers’ profitability and growth. Aircraft manufacturing leaders are concerned because understanding and developing material pricing strategies are essential to increasing profitability. Grounded in price theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies aircraft manufacturing organizational leaders use for proper material pricing estimates. The participants were four aircraft manufacturing organizational leaders from a successful aircraft manufacturing business located in the state of Georgia. Data were gathered from semistructured interviews and document reviews and analyzed using Yin’s five step approach. The four themes that emerged were the impact …


Determinants Of Knowledge Sharing: The Roles Of Learning Organization Culture, Empowering Leadership, And Learning Goal Orientation, Yangil Park, Baek-Kyoo Joo Oct 2022

Determinants Of Knowledge Sharing: The Roles Of Learning Organization Culture, Empowering Leadership, And Learning Goal Orientation, Yangil Park, Baek-Kyoo Joo

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

This study examined how knowledge sharing attitudes (KSAs) and knowledge sharing intentions (KSIs) are affected by perceived learning organization culture (LOC), empowering leadership (EL), and learning goal orientation (LGO). From the data collected, we discovered that KSA was a significant partial mediator between KSI and LGO. Furthermore, LOC and EL had moderating roles on the LGO and KSA relationship. Such moderation effects were insignificant for KSI, however. This study incorporated the knowledge sharing research fields of motivation research, leadership, and organizational culture. We comment that this study was centered on relatively highly educated management consultants, as human resource management and …


Beating The Employment Challenges: How Unemployed Youths Generate Income For Their Households, Gai Chol Paul Oct 2022

Beating The Employment Challenges: How Unemployed Youths Generate Income For Their Households, Gai Chol Paul

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

Youth unemployment remains a global threat to the achievement of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. It impedes the fight to end poverty in all its forms, limits opportunities to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, and undermines a country’s ability to reduce inequalities. In Sub-Saharan African nations, the unemployment rate is particularly high because the environment is prone to volatility caused by poor governance, chronic conflicts, and corruption. Unemployed graduates who lack effective strategies risk failing to generate income for themselves and their families. Thus, my purpose in this qualitative multiple case study, which was grounded in achievement motivation …


Talent Management And The Impact Of Dark Triad Personalities In The Workplace, Joseph A. Rosendale, Eliot Mastrovich, Leann Wilkie Aug 2022

Talent Management And The Impact Of Dark Triad Personalities In The Workplace, Joseph A. Rosendale, Eliot Mastrovich, Leann Wilkie

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

This study examines links between the Dark Triad of personality types (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and workplace behaviors. The research objective seeks to confirm the relationship between the Dark Triad and several negative behaviors while investigating positive externalities that have not been previously explored. A literature review covers the background of the Dark Triad, instruments that have been used to measure it, and ongoing research streams in the field. The Short Dark Triad (SD3) survey was administered to 142 working professionals and data collected were quantitatively examined using a variety of statistical tools in SPSS. Corresponding results provide additional evidence …


Outcomes Of Enterprise Resource Planning System On Organizational Productivity, Tambei Chiawah, William G. Dzekashu, Walter R. Mccollum, Evelyn E. Fomuso Jul 2022

Outcomes Of Enterprise Resource Planning System On Organizational Productivity, Tambei Chiawah, William G. Dzekashu, Walter R. Mccollum, Evelyn E. Fomuso

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

Leaders within local government organizations do not understand how to achieve expected and desired benefits from the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The lack of alignment between social and technical elements in ERP implementation continues to depress organizational productivity. The prime objective of our quantitative correlational study was to examine whether social and technical elements increase use and productivity in ERP implementation. Sociotechnical systems theory provided the theoretical basis for our study. We examined six dimensional variables relating to ERP implementation. Our key findings indicated positive significant relationships between ERP and information sharing, between ERP system quality and …


Strategies For Sustaining Automotive Dealerships Beyond 5 Years, Lyndon Fitzgerald Taylor Jul 2022

Strategies For Sustaining Automotive Dealerships Beyond 5 Years, Lyndon Fitzgerald Taylor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small businesses in the United States employ 48% of the workforce, and only 50% percent of small businesses survive beyond 5 years. Business leaders are concerned with strategies to retain and expand their customer base to mitigate business failure and enhance survivability. Grounded in the leader-member exchange theory, the purpose of my qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies automotive dealership business leaders used to sustain their businesses beyond 5 years. The participants comprised five business leaders in the automotive industry in the Central and Southwest U.S. State of Michigan. Data were collected using semistructured face-to-face interviews and a …


An Empirical Study To Understand The Effectiveness And Scope Of Blockchain Technology In Indian Public Sector, Radhakrishnan Airy, Hritika Gajarlawar, Nilay Bajaria, Ganesh Joshi Mar 2022

An Empirical Study To Understand The Effectiveness And Scope Of Blockchain Technology In Indian Public Sector, Radhakrishnan Airy, Hritika Gajarlawar, Nilay Bajaria, Ganesh Joshi

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

The Blockchain is a distributed database that is maintained as Blocks and contains all transactions or digital occurrences. These are the records of transactions that take place between parties.Blockchain blocks are kept as blocks and shared among participants. Each Block is examined, validated, and saved by the parties who are a part of the system/network, each brick is unique and contains the details of a single transaction as well as the transaction's hash key. The study offers insights to researchers about the opportunity threat and future use of blockchain in the public sector.


Perceptions Of Employability Skills Of Undergraduate Business Students In A Developing Country: An Exploratory Study, Wise Mainga, Reuben M. Daniel, Luis Alamil Feb 2022

Perceptions Of Employability Skills Of Undergraduate Business Students In A Developing Country: An Exploratory Study, Wise Mainga, Reuben M. Daniel, Luis Alamil

Higher Learning Research Communications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of different employability skills for business graduates seeking initial employment.

Method: Semi-structured survey questionnaires were administered to human resources representatives from industry, business lecturers, and graduating business students to determine gaps in perceptions between the three stakeholder groups.

Results: There was some alignment and moderate discrepancies in perceptions of the relative importance of different employability skills between the three stakeholder groups. There were statistically significant differences in perceived importance of communication, teamwork, and interpersonal skills between graduating students and employers. There is evidence that employers were satisfied with …


Effective Physician Engagement Strategies For Improving Healthcare, Auriesheaua Bell Dba, Kim Critchlow Dm Jan 2022

Effective Physician Engagement Strategies For Improving Healthcare, Auriesheaua Bell Dba, Kim Critchlow Dm

School of Management Publications

Middle and senior-level healthcare managers lack physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout. Many physicians leave the healthcare profession due to disengagement, which could cause a significant healthcare crisis. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the engagement strategies healthcare middle and senior-level managers used to help avoid physician burnout. Participants comprised seven middle and senior-level healthcare managers with a minimum of five years of employee management experience who effectively used physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout at a Central Pacific United States healthcare organization. Data were …


Effective Physician Engagement Strategies For Improving Healthcare, Auriesheaua Bell Dba, Kim Critchlow Dm Jan 2022

Effective Physician Engagement Strategies For Improving Healthcare, Auriesheaua Bell Dba, Kim Critchlow Dm

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Middle and senior-level healthcare managers lack physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout. Many physicians leave the healthcare profession due to disengagement, which could cause a significant healthcare crisis. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the engagement strategies healthcare middle and senior-level managers used to help avoid physician burnout. Participants comprised seven middle and senior-level healthcare managers with a minimum of five years of employee management experience who effectively used physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout at a Central Pacific United States healthcare organization. Data were …


The Product Test Scheduling Problem, Megan Wydick Martin, Cliff Ragsdale, John Fico, Carlos G. Cajica-Sierra, Richard M. Fetcenko Jan 2022

The Product Test Scheduling Problem, Megan Wydick Martin, Cliff Ragsdale, John Fico, Carlos G. Cajica-Sierra, Richard M. Fetcenko

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

This research focused on product test scheduling in the presence of in-process and at-completion inspection constraints. Such testing arises in the context of the manufacture of products that must perform reliably in extreme environmental conditions. Often, these products must receive a certification from prescribed regulatory agencies at the successful completion of a predetermined series of tests. Operational efficiency is enhanced by determining the optimal order and start times of tests so as to minimize the makespan while ensuring that technicians are available when needed to complete in-process and at-completion inspections. We refer to this as the product test scheduling problem. …


Effective Internal Control Strategies For An Enterprise Resource Planning System, Tatara Ratliff Jan 2022

Effective Internal Control Strategies For An Enterprise Resource Planning System, Tatara Ratliff

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of effective internal control over enterprise resource planning (ERP) increases risks associated with financial reporting and erroneous transactions. Business leaders who develop effective enterprise resource planning internal controls reduce the risk of fraud and improve the quality of financial reporting. Grounded in the COSO internal control framework, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies business leaders use for adequate internal controls. The participants were seven business leaders from a single business in Mississippi, the USA, who successfully employed enterprise resource planning and internal control strategies. Data were collected using semistructured interviews, observations, and …


Strategies To Reduce Flight Attendant Voluntary Turnover, Jorge Tobar Jan 2022

Strategies To Reduce Flight Attendant Voluntary Turnover, Jorge Tobar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Flight attendant voluntary turnover can lead to staffing shortages that can cause severe disruptions to flight schedules, damage the airlines’ reputations, and negatively affect revenues, which are significant challenges for airline leaders. Grounded in Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies airline leaders use to reduce flight attendant voluntary turnover. Data were collected from four leaders from four U.S. airlines in the southwestern United States using semistructured interviews and reviews of organizational documents. Five themes emerged from thematic analysis: improving compensation and benefits packages, implementing rewards and recognition programs, increasing supervisory support, expanding …


How Transformational Leaders Increase Nurse Retention And Decrease Attrition, Charlie Henry Middlebrooks Wilson Jan 2022

How Transformational Leaders Increase Nurse Retention And Decrease Attrition, Charlie Henry Middlebrooks Wilson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem of nurse attrition, which negatively impacted the lives of nurses, decreased patients’ perception of their healthcare, and increased the cost of healthcare. Facility administrators who lack strategies to decrease nurse turnover may lose their ability to provide quality nursing services in their facility and control their costs of care. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the strategies private medical treatment facility administrators use to decrease nurse attrition. Five private medical treatment facility administrators located in Southern Texas completed semistructured, open-ended interviews, and three …