Business Commons^™

Underreporting Chargeable Time: A Continuing Problem For Public Accounting Firms, Michael D. Akers, Charles T. Horngren, Tim V. Eaton

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

Prior research shows that underreporting chargeable time has been a concern for public accounting firms even though many of these firms have policies and procedures that prohibit "eating" time. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of this problem and to provide recommendations to manage the problem more effectively. Practicing public accountants at all professional levels were surveyed to determine the extent, opportunity, ethical perception and perceived benefits of underreporting time. The results show that although the majority of the respondents believe underreporting time is unethical, the majority of them did not report all of their …

The Effects Of Nutrition Package Claims, Nutrition Facts Panels, And Motivation To Process Nutrition Information On Consumer Product Evaluations, Scott B. Keller, Mike Landry, Jeanne Olson, Anne M. Velliquette, Scot Burton, J. Craig Andrews

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

In a laboratory experiment using a between-subjects design, the authors examine the effects on nutrition and product evaluations of nutrition claims made (e.g., "99% fat free; " "low in calories") on a product package, product nutrition value levels, and enduring motivation to process nutrition information. Enduring motivation is shown to moderate the effects of product nutrition value on consumer evaluations. Also, nutrition claims interact with product nutrition value in affecting consumer perceptions of manufacturer credibility. Given the availability of nutrient levels in the Nutrition Facts panel on the back of the mock package, nutrition claims on the front of the …

Review Of Business As A Calling: Work And The Examined Life By Michael Novak, Gene R. Laczniak

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Information Systems Coverage In The Cpa, Cia And Cma Examinations For The Period 1987-1991, Michael D. Akers, Lloyd D. Doney

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

In recent years, three major accounting professional organizations, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) and Internal Auditors Institute (IIA) have considered and issued statements on the body of knowledge deemed necessary for practice as a Certified Public Accountant, Certified Management Accountant and Certified Internal Auditor. In each instance, knowledge and skills in information systems technology were included. This is not surprising, in view of the fact that changes in technology have dramatically altered the way in which accounting data is gathered, processed, stored, accessed and reported.

Each of these professional organizations also requires …

Measuring External Shocks To The City Economy: An Index Of Export Prices And Terms Of Trade, Anthony Pennington-Cross

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

This paper details the construction of an index of export goods prices (the Export Price Index or EPI) for a panel of 196 metropolitan areas from 1977 to 1992. The EPI is an indicator of external demand shocks to the city economy which does not suffer from the causal ambiguity of the endogenous indicators such as income, employment or output. The creation of an index of aggregate export prices, the EPI, for the panel of areas provides both academicians and policy analysts with a new exogenous indicator that identifies demand price innovations and the terms of trade shocks …

A Descriptive Analysis Of The Retail Real Estate Markets At The Metropolitan Level, Mark Eppli, Steven P. Laposa

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

Gross Leasable Area (GLA) per capita is a commonly used measure to compare the retail market potential across different retail real estate markets. This study uses GLA per capita to assess the supply of the retail space across fifty-eight metropolitan areas in the United States. After a detailed descriptive analysis of the supply of retail space, we estimate GLA per capita for each metropolitan area using a modified version of the stock adjustment model. Initial findings indicate that the retail construction boom of the 1980s was not a boom at all and that GLA per capita can be predicted using …

History Of The F-15 Program: A Silver Anniversary First Flight Remembrance, David R. King, Donald S. Massey

Management Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Leaving College: Why Students Withdrew From A University, Ross J. Rapaport, Sharlon L. George, Gary A. Adams, Susan E. Clarkson

Management Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why students withdrew during a semester from a mid-sized, comprehensive university located in the Midwest. Six hundred forty-five students were asked to complete the ACT "Withdrawing/Non-returning Student Survey" during the 1992-93 academic year and summer semester. Three hundred sixty-five completed surveys were returned for a 57% response rate.

Respondents indicated many different reasons for leaving which varied by year in school and whether or not the respondent was a graduate or undergraduate student. There was no typical withdrawing student and there were many reasons students withdrew over which the university …

Self-Assessment And Planned Change Of Placement And Career Services Center, Gary A. Adams, Ross J. Rapaport, Julia B. Sherlock, Joellyn S. Malmquist, Tina C. Elacqua, Rosemary Stanek Dinello

Management Faculty Research and Publications

In the 1990s, college and university career services and placement units face many challenges which may influence their success including (a) increased budgetary constraints, (b) changing student demographics, (c) increased availability of computer technologies, (d) new service delivery models, and (e) changing employer recruitment practices. In an effort to address these issues and examine its role within the university (Roth, 1994), the Placement and Career Information Center (PCIC) at Central Michigan University undertook a program of applied research, self-assessment and planned change. The purpose of this article is to briefly report our experiences in conducting this program of applied research. …

Advertising Beliefs And Attitudes: Are Students And General Consumers Indeed Different?, Srinivas Durvasula, Subhash Mehta, J. Craig Andrews, Steven Lysonski

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Studies of advertising beliefs and attitudes are crucial because these measures are shown to affect brand attitudes and purchase intentions. Previous studies in this area used either student or general consumers samples; no comparisons were made between the two groups. Therefore, it is not known whether and to what extent responses of student samples are likely to differ from those of general consumers. Differences would indicate that the two segments view advertising dissimilarly. However, by applying covariance structure analysis on a sample of students and a sample of general consumers from India, our study found no significant differences between them …

The Flexible Executive Mindset: How Top Management Should Look At Tomorrow’S Markets, Gene R. Laczniak, Robert F. Lusch

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

The need for management to better anticipate the future is the urgent message currently being advocated by consultants in strategic market planning. Uses a survey of high-level managers from Fortune 1,000 corporations to illustrate the advantages of cultivating a flexible mindset concerning environmental trends and their strategic marketing implications. Reviews projected developments in the economy, technology, ecology and the social/political environments that are expected to occur by 2005. Discusses appropriate marketing responses to these trends.

Heuristic Solutions For Loading In Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Bharatendu Srivastava, Wun-Hwa Chen

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Production planning in flexible manufacturing system deals with the efficient organization of the production resources in order to meet a given production schedule. It is a complex problem and typically leads to several hierarchical subproblems that need to be solved sequentially or simultaneously. Loading is one of the planning subproblems that has to addressed. It involves assigning the necessary operations and tools among the various machines in some optimal fashion to achieve the production of all selected part types. In this paper, we first formulate the loading problem as a 0-1 mixed integer program and then propose heuristic procedures based …

Relationships Of Job And Family Involvement, Family Social Support, And Work–Family Conflict With Job And Life Satisfaction, Gary A. Adams, Lynda A. King, Daniel W. King

Management Faculty Research and Publications

A model of the relationship between work and family that incorporates variables from both the work-family conflict and social support literatures was developed and empirically tested. This model related bidirectional work-family conflict, family instrumental and emotional social support, and job and family involvement to job and life satisfaction. Data came from 163 workers who were living with at least 1 family member. Results suggested that relationships between work and family can have an important effect on job and life satisfaction and that the level of involvement the worker assigns to work and family roles is associated with this relationship. The …

Age, Product Nutrition, And Label Format Effects On Consumer Perceptions And Product Evaluations, Scot Burton, J. Craig Andrews

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Nutrition label format effects across different levels of product nutrition value and groups of younger (under 58 years; average 46 years) and older consumers (58 years or more; average 70 years) are examined using a 3 × 2 × 2 experimental design. Age interacts with nutrition level in affecting nutrition evaluation measures with older consumers displaying smaller differences in nutrition attitude and purchase likelihood for a low versus a high nutrition value product. Older consumers also perceive all labels as more difficult to understand. Consumer performance on judgment tasks vary across label formats and nutrition value manipulations. Implications for consumer …

The Influence Of Professional Investors On The Failure Of Management Buyout Attempts, Sarah Peck

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

In a sample of 111 MBO offers between 1984 and 1987, almost 30% attract new blockholders. These blockholders are primarily professional investors who act to facilitate a takeover by a higher bidder, thus increasing returns to both themselves and other public shareholders. In contrast, I find little evidence that pre-existing blockholders, particularly institutional holders, affect either the offer outcome or actively participate in the buyout contest once it begins. The overall pattern of results suggests that professional investors, particularly equity-holding companies, are 'control specialists' who provide valuable services as brokers in the market for corporate control.

Public Sector Labor Law: An Update, John Lund, Cheryl Maranto

Management Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

A Cross-National Comparison Of Consumers' Attitudes Toward Direct Marketing And Purchase Intention, Srinivas Durvasula, Syed H. Akhter, Gary J. Bamossy

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Existing research indicates that attitudes toward the three elements of direct marketing (the source, mode, and response channel) influence consumers' intentions to purchase directly marketed products. While research investigating attitudes and consumers' response has been conducted in the U.S., there has been no research to date which examines attitude structures and purchase intentions towards direct marketing in a multi-country setting, in spite of the standardized global efforts of direct marketeers. This study presents findings on attitude structures regarding direct marketing for three affluent open markets, the U.S., Singapore, and the Netherlands and empirically investigates the relationships between these consumers' attitudes …

Consumer Decision Making Styles: A Multi-Country Investigation, Steven Lysonski, Srinivas Durvasula, Yorgos Zotos

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Argues that profiling consumer decision-making styles has importance to marketers, advertisers and consumer affairs specialists, but developing an approach to quantify such profiles has been problematic. Reports the application of an instrument known as the consumer style inventory (CSI) to measure these profiles for samples of consumers from Greece, India, New Zealand and the USA. Indicates, from the results, that the instrument seems more applicable to higher income countries than to developing ones. Discusses implications regarding use of the instrument and cross-cultural issues.

Overview: The Role Of Consumer Research Evidence In Recent National Advertising Regulation, J. Craig Andrews

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Alcohol Warning Label Effects: Socialization, Addiction, And Public Policy Issues, J. Craig Andrews, Richard G. Netemeyer

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

How Critical Is A Good Location To A Regional Shopping Center?, Mark Eppli, James D. Shilling

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

The goal of this paper is to empirically measure the consumer utility trade-off between store location (i.e., distance to a shopping center) and retail agglomeration in regional shopping centers. Using the Lakshmanan and Hansen retail expenditure model, our findings reveal that the distance specification is of surprisingly little importance in explaining retail sales. Conversely, agglomeration economies were of significant importance in explaining consumer patronage at regional shopping centers. The implication of these results is that smaller regional shopping centers may be dominated by large super-regional shopping centers with the smaller one or two anchor regional shopping centers unable to compete …

Advertising Research Issues From Ftc Versus Stouffer Foods Corporation, J. Craig Andrews, Thomas J. Maronick

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

Extrinsic evidence is frequently offered in Federal Trade Commission advertising deception cases, most often in the form of advertising research, such as copy tests. Although generally accepted principles exist for copy test evidence presented before the Commission, how these principles are operationalized can provide fertile ground for challenges. Thus, the authors review six copy testing and ad interpretation issues from the recent Stouffer Foods case. The authors discuss difficult tradeoffs inherent in relative versus absolute claims, multiple claims, control ad groups, control questions, and disclosure information. The careful consideration of such trade-offs in advertising research decisions will help in the …

Information Systems Content In The Cma Examination, Michael D. Akers, Lloyd Doney

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

This study examines 12 recent CMA exams administered from June 1987 through December 1992 to determine the extent of information systems (IS) coverage. We evaluated each exam using a definition of IS knowledge and skills from the common body of knowledge developed by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). The results of the study indicate that the IMA has recognized the importance of IS knowledge, as evidenced by the extent of exam coverage and the relevance of the items tested. Because information systems courses are included in a model curriculum recommended by the IMA, the results of this study may …

Strategic Planning At Five World-Class Companies, Michael D. Akers, Grover L. Porter

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

Most successful executives know that strategic planning offers the best way to deal with their changing world. Information is central to successful strategic planning. A field study of 5 world-class companies revealed details regarding information used for strategic planning and the role of management accountants in this process. Key executives were interviewed at: 1. Johnson Controls, 2. Coors Brewing Co., 3. Schering-Plough, 4. Xerox, and 5. 3M Company. The executives were interviewed to find out how their companies did strategic planning. Issues addressed included the distinction between strategic and long-range planning, the strategic planning process, information used for strategic planning, …

Speed Of Adjustment In Commercial Real Estate Markets, Mark Eppli, James D. Shilling

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Belated Recognition For Work Flow Entrepreneurs: A Case Of Selective Perception And Amnesia In Management Thought, Leonard R. Sayles, Alex Stewart

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Recent trends, such as reengineering, require work flow entrepreneurship. Important principles about these practices were recognized in post-World War II field research, but by the 1970s this work suffered neglect. Amnesia was caused by deeply held assumptions of scientific management, and by a search within business schools for academic legitimacy at the expense of praxis, which skewed the perspectives with which organizations were viewed.

The Ethics Of Business: Improving Or Deteriorating?, Gene R. Laczniak, Marvin W. Berkowitz, Russell G. Brooker, James P. Hale

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Are Smaller Firms More Export Competitive? A Study Of Brazilian Firms, Roque Zin, Paulo Fernando Pinto Barcellos, Syed H. Akhter

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This article analyses the export performance of Brazilian firms from 2002 to 2010, when the Brazilian currency became stronger. Firms were classified according to their size (micro, small, midsize and large) and to exports volume in American dollars (USD). The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (Balassa, 1965) was used to analyse the effects of currency fluctuations on export performance.¹ Results indicate that despite unfavourable conditions caused by currency appreciation, smaller firms increased exports volume and improved competitiveness more than large firms.

A Descriptive Analysis Of U.S. Housing Demand For The 1990s, Mark Eppli, Monty J. Childs

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

We analyze the effect of changes in type of household formation (i.e., single person, single parent, married couple, etc.) on the demand for housing and segment income by household type to determine housing tenure. Using data disaggregated by household type, we forecast housing demand for the United States through the turn ofthe century. The results indicate that total housing demand for the decade will be 11.8 million units, of which 8.1 million will be owner-occupied and 3.7 million will be renter-occupied.

Does Ai Research Aid Prediction? A Review And Evaluation, Monica Adya, Fred Collopy

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Despite the increasing application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to business over the past decade, there are mixed views regarding their contribution. Assessing the contribution of AI to business has been difficult, in part, due to lack of evaluation criteria. In this study, we identified general criteria for evaluating this body of fiterature. Within this framework, we examined applications of AI to business forecasting and prediction. For each of the seventy studies located through our search, we evaluated how effectively the proposed technique was compared with alternatives (effectiveness of validation) as well as how well the technique was implemented (effectiveness …