Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Latin American Literature (10)
- Spanish Linguistics (9)
- Latin American Languages and Societies (7)
- Modern Languages (6)
- Other Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature (6)
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (6)
- Education (5)
- Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures (5)
- Spanish Literature (5)
- Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (4)
- English Language and Literature (4)
- History (4)
- Classics (3)
- Film and Media Studies (3)
- French and Francophone Language and Literature (3)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (3)
- International and Area Studies (3)
- Modern Literature (3)
- Other English Language and Literature (3)
- Other French and Francophone Language and Literature (3)
- Theatre and Performance Studies (3)
- American Studies (2)
- Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity (2)
- Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture (2)
- Architecture (2)
- Art and Design (2)
- Art and Materials Conservation (2)
- Chicana/o Studies (2)
- Institution
-
- Brigham Young University (4)
- Indiana State University (3)
- Parkland College (3)
- Purdue University (2)
- Whittier College (2)
-
- Bellarmine University (1)
- Butler University (1)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (1)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (1)
- Connecticut College (1)
- Duquesne University (1)
- East Tennessee State University (1)
- Georgia Southern University (1)
- Kennesaw State University (1)
- Marquette University (1)
- Marshall University (1)
- Oberlin (1)
- Providence College (1)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (1)
- Southern Adventist University (1)
- The University of Akron (1)
- University of Central Florida (1)
- University of Connecticut (1)
- University of Kentucky (1)
- University of Missouri, St. Louis (1)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1)
- University of Richmond (1)
- Utah State University (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (3)
- Sabbaticals (2)
- Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Whittier Scholars Program (2)
- A with Honors Projects (1)
-
- All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023 (1)
- Faculty Publications (1)
- Faculty Works (1)
- Gaines Fellow Senior Theses (1)
- Honors Papers (1)
- Honors Program: Expanded Learning Clubs (1)
- Honors Undergraduate Theses (1)
- Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective (1)
- Journal of Undergraduate Research (1)
- Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Faculty Publications (1)
- MA TESOL Collection (1)
- Modern Language, Literature, and Culture Honors Theses (1)
- Modern Languages Faculty Research (1)
- Open Education Materials (1)
- Open Educational Resources (1)
- Purdue Studies in Romance Literatures (1)
- Purdue University Press Book Previews (1)
- Spanish Languages and Literatures Research and Publications (1)
- Teatro: Revista de Estudios Escénicos / A Journal of Theater Studies (1)
- The Coastal Review (1)
- The Quiet Corner Interdisciplinary Journal (1)
- Undergraduate Honors Theses (1)
- Undergraduate Research Symposium (1)
- Undergraduate Theses (1)
- Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature
¡Charlemos De Comida Y Cultura En España!, Lucia Osa-Melero
¡Charlemos De Comida Y Cultura En España!, Lucia Osa-Melero
Open Education Materials
¡Charlemos de comida y cultura en España! is a culturally immersive Spanish language textbook designed for intermediate- high level learners who wish to explore the rich and diverse culinary traditions of Spain while enhancing their linguistic skills. Organized thematically by culinary concepts, this text blends language instruction with cultural insights to provide a meaningful and engaging learning experience while developing communicative skills and intercultural learning. Each chapter introduces students to regional specialties, food-related vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and authentic readings and videos that reflect the traditions, values, and social common practices surrounding food in Spain.
Spa 619 - Seminar In Studies Of Hispanic And Latin American Cultures, Juan Jesús Payán
Spa 619 - Seminar In Studies Of Hispanic And Latin American Cultures, Juan Jesús Payán
Open Educational Resources
SPA619 es un curso diseñado para estudiantes de los programas de maestría en literatura española y educación. En esta clase conocerás o revisitarás de manera crítica conceptos históricos socialmente construidos, pero que habitualmente se dan como realidades objetivas o empíricas. Problematizaremos, por ejemplo, no solo una noción panétnica reduccionista de la “cultura hispánica”, sino también la ficción de diferencia radical generada desde el nacionalismo exclusionista.
Aunque seguiremos un viaje cronológico a través de hitos de la historiografía hispánica, en este curso nos interrogaremos sobre la construcción misma de lo que damos en llamar “historia”. Para ello, no solo tocaremos principios …
Teaching Cuba In Georgia Today, Eric Kartchner
Teaching Cuba In Georgia Today, Eric Kartchner
The Coastal Review
This essay details a college professor's approach to teaching a course on Cuban history and culture. The professor's pedagogical choices were influenced by Ada Ferrer's book, Cuba: An American History, and José Antonio Bowen's work on fostering independent thinking. The syllabus covered pre-Columbian Cuba, Spanish rule, the wars of independence, the Castro era, and significant cultural aspects like music and religion. The course emphasized multiple perspectives and encouraged student-led research, challenging preconceived notions about Cuba's complex relationship with the United States. The professor aimed to promote critical thinking and understanding through student-driven inquiry.
Translating A Culture: How Subtitles In Popular Tv Shows Friends And La Que Se Avecina (The One That Looms) Maintain National Culture Within Translations, Abigail Lamkin
Undergraduate Theses
This study aims to determine the best ways for comedy-based TV shows to be translated so their cultural significance can be maintained while also becoming a piece of media that is enjoyed across linguistic barriers. Data was gathered from the TV shows Friends and La que se avecina and analyzed through comparison with one another. Analysis reveals both shows use unique techniques as a result of the specific challenges subtitle translators faced for the shows, but in general, focusing on one aspect of the translation over another would prevent the audience from enjoying the show. Friends's translations rely on …
El Nacimiento Del Rock En Español: ¿Cómo Fue Que Este Género De Música Latina Tuvo Éxito?, Alejandro V. Martinez
El Nacimiento Del Rock En Español: ¿Cómo Fue Que Este Género De Música Latina Tuvo Éxito?, Alejandro V. Martinez
World Languages and Cultures
This paper titled El nacimiento del rock en español: ¿Cómo fue que este género de música latina tuvo éxito? will cover information regarding the Spanish rock movement. This essay compares what is written in this paper to that of prior scholars to show that although they do bring valid points, there is a lot more than many of us realize. There are various articles and reports written about the movement, but many do not explain the creation of the movement, let alone its survival in the music industry as a new genre that some had never heard of or had …
Appendices For Designing Authentic Language Learning Simulations To Support Student Engagement, Cherice Montgomery, Jon Balzotti, Derek L. Hansen
Appendices For Designing Authentic Language Learning Simulations To Support Student Engagement, Cherice Montgomery, Jon Balzotti, Derek L. Hansen
Faculty Publications
Appendices for article titled "Designing Authentic Language Learning Simulations to Support Student Engagement."
A Holistic Approach To Creating Cultures Of Quality Excellence Within Higher Education Institutions In North Carolina, Natalie Aman
A Holistic Approach To Creating Cultures Of Quality Excellence Within Higher Education Institutions In North Carolina, Natalie Aman
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This paper first seeks to identify cultural factors of faculty, staff, and students within Higher Education Intuitions (HEI) and then understand how those factors affect the individual as well as the overall larger population of all studied groups to create cultures of quality excellence. Secondary data collected from government databases was used for the research. The independent variables included cultural factors for each stakeholder and the dependent variables included satisfaction levels of each stakeholder. Faculty and staff independent cultural variables included Performance Management, Supervisor/Department Chair Effectiveness, Communication & Collaboration, Diversity, Inclusion & Belonging, and Mission and Pride. The dependent variable …
Bananas Vs. Coffee: Why Did One Instigate Violence And The Other Community?, Sydney Stark
Bananas Vs. Coffee: Why Did One Instigate Violence And The Other Community?, Sydney Stark
Undergraduate Research Symposium
Violence. Nationalism. Racism. A community ripped apart by multinational corporations. These are likely not the words and ideas associated with bananas. However, in Costa Rica and other South American countries, these words only begin to describe the history surrounding this fruit. Community. Fair Trade. Globalization. A nation brought together by a simple drink. These words all describe none other than our beloved drink coffee. Costa Rica relies heavily on the exports of coffee and this crop has actually helped produce an entire subculture, known as café cultura, which promotes community and belonging. But why are these two crops vastly …
¿El Papel Lo Aguanta Todo? Linguistic Nationalism In Hispanic Constitutions, Mihir Kale
¿El Papel Lo Aguanta Todo? Linguistic Nationalism In Hispanic Constitutions, Mihir Kale
Gaines Fellow Senior Theses
Linguistic nationalism is among the most well-documented sections of nationalist study, as it is one of the predominant mechanisms in which nationalist sentiments are codified or enforced within a state. Cultural or ethnic nationalist preferences are typically expressed through the imposition and preference of a certain nation’s language to demonstrate power, and examples of linguistic nationalism have been recorded across all continents and societies throughout history.
Spanish Culture Club, Emily Taylor
Spanish Culture Club, Emily Taylor
Honors Program: Expanded Learning Clubs
No abstract provided.
Song Of Exile: A Cultural History Of Brazil’S Most Popular Poem, 1846–2018, Joshua Alma Enslen
Song Of Exile: A Cultural History Of Brazil’S Most Popular Poem, 1846–2018, Joshua Alma Enslen
Purdue Studies in Romance Literatures
Song of Exile: A Cultural History of Brazil’s Most Popular Poem, 1846–2018 is the first comprehensive study of the influence of Antônio Gonçalves Dias’s “Canção do exílio.” Written in Coimbra, Portugal, in 1843 by a homesick student longing for Brazil, “Song of Exile” has inspired thousands of parodies and pastiches, and new variations continue to appear to this day. Every generation of Brazilian writers has adapted the poem’s Romantic verses to glorify the wonders of the nation or to criticize it via parody, exposing a litany of issues that have plagued the country’s progress over the years. Based on a …
Exquisite Paradise: Taste And Consumption In Hebe Uhart’S ‘El Budín Esponjoso’ (1977), Karina Elizabeth Vázquez
Exquisite Paradise: Taste And Consumption In Hebe Uhart’S ‘El Budín Esponjoso’ (1977), Karina Elizabeth Vázquez
Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Faculty Publications
Food Studies in Latin American Literature presents a timely collection of essays analyzing a wide array of Latin American narratives through the lens of food studies. Topics explored include potato and maize in colonial and contemporary global narratives; the role of cooking in Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s poetics; the centrality of desire in twentieth-century cooking writing by women; the relationship among food, recipes, and national identity; the role of food in travel narratives; and the impact of advertisements on domestic roles.
The contributors included here—experts in Latin American history, literature, and cultural studies—bring a novel, interdisciplinary approach to …
Lo Afrocubano: Exploring Afro-Cuban Culture In Music, Literature, & Art, Pre- & Post-Revolution, Grace Maffucci
Lo Afrocubano: Exploring Afro-Cuban Culture In Music, Literature, & Art, Pre- & Post-Revolution, Grace Maffucci
World Languages and Cultures Student Scholarship
Majors: Music and Spanish
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Monica Simal
After the abolition of slavery on the island in 1886, Black Cubans struggled for equality and a place in a White-dominated society. The twentieth century brought about a deeper exploration of Afro-Cuban culture and identity through several forms of art. This project delves into the music, literature, and art of twentieth century Afro-Cuban artists and examines how they used the arts to communicate their identity to a society in political turmoil. It compares the representation of Blacks and Blackness before and during Fidel Castro’s revolution. The project also explores how the …
Broadening Perspectives: Using Multiple Teaching Approaches To Meet The Needs Of Language Students, Kalen Taylor
Broadening Perspectives: Using Multiple Teaching Approaches To Meet The Needs Of Language Students, Kalen Taylor
All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023
This portfolio is comprised of research, opinions, and ideas that the author has learned during the Master of Second Language Teaching (MSLT) program at Utah State University (USU). It is a representation of experiences gained through teaching lower division Spanish courses at USU. In addition to experiences, it is also comprised of research perspectives which were furthered by coursework in the MSLT program.
Contained within the pages is a road map of the author’s journey of learning and research. The portfolio begins with the author’s perspectives on teaching including his philosophy on teaching and how he has developed by observing …
Don Quixote In Russia In The 1920s-1930s: The Problem Of Perception And Interpretation, Slav N. Gratchev
Don Quixote In Russia In The 1920s-1930s: The Problem Of Perception And Interpretation, Slav N. Gratchev
Modern Languages Faculty Research
This study logically continues my previous examination of the perception of Don Quixote in Russia throughout the early twentieth century and how this perception changed over time. In this new article, which will be the third in a sequence of five, I will again use a number of materials inaccessible to English-speaking scholars to demonstrate how the perception of Don Quixote by Russian intelligentsia shifted from being skeptical to complete admiration and even glorification of the hero. Don Quixote was increasingly compared with Prometheus, the most powerful and most romanticized personage of Greek methodology. Indeed, “. . . начав юмористический …
"Our Roots:": Latinx Parents' Language Ideologies Concerning Bilingualism, Akanne S. Torres Beltran
"Our Roots:": Latinx Parents' Language Ideologies Concerning Bilingualism, Akanne S. Torres Beltran
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Language is a fundamental component of one's identity, as well as a means of surviving in a globalizing world. This study draws upon sixteen narratives of first-generation Mexican and Puerto Rican parents in Central Florida to answer the research question: What are the language ideologies of Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrant parents towards the English Language acquisition and Spanish Language retention of their children? The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews and it aimed to learn how and if they value English and Spanish bilingualism and whether it was desired for their children. On the one hand, they are aware …
El Futuro Ya Está Aquí: A Comparative Analysis Of Punk In Spain And Mexico, Rex Richard Wilkins
El Futuro Ya Está Aquí: A Comparative Analysis Of Punk In Spain And Mexico, Rex Richard Wilkins
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the punk genre's evolution into commercial mainstream music in Spain and Mexico. It looks at how this evolution altered both the aesthetic and gesture of the genre. This evolution can be seen by examining four bands that followed similar musical and commercial trajectories. In Spain, Kaka de Luxe and Radio Futura; in Mexico, Size and Ritmo Peligroso. Since punk music's gesture is both visceral and political, various methods of suppressing or containing the punk gesture arise. For both Spain and Mexico, containing the punk gesture was a matter of government censorship in the early years of punk. …
Storytelling Through Movement: An Analysis Of The Connections Between Dance & Literature, Zoe Hester
Storytelling Through Movement: An Analysis Of The Connections Between Dance & Literature, Zoe Hester
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Movement and storytelling are the links between past and present; both dance and literature have the same artistic and primal origins. We began to dance to express and communicate, to worship and feel. We tell stories for the same reasons: to learn from the past and to be able to communicate in the present.
This work explores the many connections between literature and dance through examinations of six dance forms: Native American, Bharatanatyam, West African, Ballet, Modern, and Post-Modern dance.
Artesana De Sí Misma: Gabriela Mistral, Una Intelectual En Cuerpo Y Palabra, Claudia Cabello Hutt
Artesana De Sí Misma: Gabriela Mistral, Una Intelectual En Cuerpo Y Palabra, Claudia Cabello Hutt
Purdue University Press Book Previews
Artesana de sí misma by Claudia Cabello Hutt reevaluates the place of Nobel laureate Gabriela Mistral in the literary and intellectual history of Latin America, illuminating and filling a number of lingering voids in the study of this canonical figure. Cabello Hutt introduces readers to Mistral’s vast but scarcely studied journalistic prose as well as her unpublished manuscripts, letters, and images held in the United States and in newly opened Chilean archives. Moving beyond her amply discussed poetry, Cabello Hutt demonstrates that Mistral’s essays, visual representations, and gender performance are key to understanding Mistral’s self-construction as a Latin American female …
Tabaquismo: ¿Negocio Y Forma De Identidad Cultural?, Caroline Zuhone
Tabaquismo: ¿Negocio Y Forma De Identidad Cultural?, Caroline Zuhone
Modern Language, Literature, and Culture Honors Theses
España es un país con un nivel de desarrollo similar a los Estados Unidos, no obstante, a pesar de su inserción dentro de los países del primer mundo tiene un índice que no se corresponde con esta categoría, una gran parte de su población usa tabaco frecuentemente. Con la actualización de muchos trabajos científicos que explican los efectos negativos del tabaco y su difusión pública, en los Estados Unidos se ha logrado que muchas personas dejen de fumar. No ha sucedido lo mismo en España, allí muchos españoles siguen consumiendo tabaco desestimando la difusión de los mismos estudios científicos. El …
Critical Pedagogy And Language Acquisition: Benefiting From A Country’S Crisis To Improve Second Language Instruction, Jamile Forcelini
Critical Pedagogy And Language Acquisition: Benefiting From A Country’S Crisis To Improve Second Language Instruction, Jamile Forcelini
Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective
Education has the power to influence learners to either accept reality or critically deliberate and change it. Critical thinking is vital to empower learners and society as a whole to move from a practice of inertia to Freire’s practice of freedom as well as humanization. Change, however is only attainable if pursued with one of the most powerful social tools: Language; the most perceptible manifestation of culture and culture is our connection to the world, what unites us in society, identifies us communally, and serves us as guidance for civic conduct (Larson and Smalley, 1972). The present article aims to …
Poetic Illiteracy And Cultural Insularity: The Crisis Of Cultural Nationalism In Virgilio Piñera's La Isla En Peso, Stephen A. Cruikshank
Poetic Illiteracy And Cultural Insularity: The Crisis Of Cultural Nationalism In Virgilio Piñera's La Isla En Peso, Stephen A. Cruikshank
The Quiet Corner Interdisciplinary Journal
The twentieth-century Cuban poet Virgilio Piñera was both a radical and rebellious writer who wrote against the national discourses of his time. In his acclaimed poem La isla en peso Piñera challenges the Neobaroque discourse of Cuban identity by describing Cuba as 'insular' rather than innovative. The following article argues that La isla en peso, like a prophetic letter, seems to have foreseen seventy years earlier what the modern literary critic Abraham Acosta has recently described as a "threshold of illiteracy," that is, a disruption or illiterate interference of one's critical reading by exposing the contradictions of cultural nationalism. …
La Comparacion De Dos Peliculas Argenina (A Comparison Of Two Argentinian Films), Kelsey D. Howard
La Comparacion De Dos Peliculas Argenina (A Comparison Of Two Argentinian Films), Kelsey D. Howard
A with Honors Projects
Las películas de un país puede decir mucho de la cultura de este país. Yo vi dos películas argentinas, La Historia Oficial y El Último Elvis. Pienso que las dos películas son muy buenas, me gustan mucha. La Historia Oficial es una película que tiene treinta años pero El Último Elvis es una película muy moderna. Creo que las diferencias reflejen los cambios en la cultura conforme pasaba el tiempo. En este trabajo te voy a analizaré aspectos de las dos películas que me gustan y no me gustan, entonces examinaré los conflictos familiares que son similares entre las películas …
Reflections On Effectively Implementing Culture In The Foreign Language Classroom, Alyssa N. Petsche
Reflections On Effectively Implementing Culture In The Foreign Language Classroom, Alyssa N. Petsche
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The purpose of this research project is to explore the perceptions and attitudes of past and current foreign language students regarding the relevancy of culture within foreign language education. The first portion of this paper contains a literature review from a variety of international research articles discussing the necessity, implementation methods, and assessment techniques for implementing culture within the foreign language classroom setting. While the research from the literature review emphasizes for researchers and educators the importance of including culture within the foreign language curriculum, very little research has been recorded regarding the perceptions and beliefs of foreign language learners. …
Identifying, Cultivating, And Utilizing Elementary Teacher Leaders, April Holder
Identifying, Cultivating, And Utilizing Elementary Teacher Leaders, April Holder
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how elementary principals identify, cultivate, and utilize teacher leaders within high-growth elementary schools. For the purpose of this study, high-growth schools are schools that surpassed the state average of high growth for the bottom 25% and top 75% in English/language arts and math for two consecutive years based on the Indiana Department of Education A-F Accountability Report Card. Through this qualitative study, the roles of the principals in three similar Indiana elementary schools were analyzed in regard to the commonalities of the identification of teacher leaders, cultivating talent and leadership, and …
A Culture, A People, A Nation - Understanding Of A Culture Through Icons And Symbols., Adrienne J. Royo
A Culture, A People, A Nation - Understanding Of A Culture Through Icons And Symbols., Adrienne J. Royo
Faculty Works
Addresses the global issues of icons and symbols as a tool for the definition that society ascribes to a particular culture, people, or nation, followed by a specific focus on Spain and Spanish culture.
The icons and symbols include such figures as Don Quijote, Reina Sofía, and Andrés Segovia, as well as, the Roman Acqueduct of Segovia, the Moorish fortress of Granada. The heritage of Toledo.
The Taíno Influence On Modern Dominican Art, Brittany H. Hyatt, Dr. Douglas J. Weatherford
The Taíno Influence On Modern Dominican Art, Brittany H. Hyatt, Dr. Douglas J. Weatherford
Journal of Undergraduate Research
At the time of the arrival of Columbus in 1492, the indigenous Taíno civilization pervaded the island of Hispaniola (now home to Haiti and the Dominican Republic). However, as a result of disease and persecution, the Taíno population would all but disappear within fifty years. The annihilation was so complete, in fact, that the conquering Spaniards had to import African slaves to compensate for the loss of labor. Despite the limited influence of the Taínos in the modern Dominican’s life and ancestry, aspects of this once flourishing culture continue to appear in Dominican art.
Una Cárcel De Cultura: Secuelas De La Dictadura Chilena En Un Centro De Arte Comunitario, Sofia Leblanc
Una Cárcel De Cultura: Secuelas De La Dictadura Chilena En Un Centro De Arte Comunitario, Sofia Leblanc
Honors Papers
In Chile, wounds from the Pinochet dictatorship of 1973 to 1990 still fester under the surface of its post-transitional society. The regime of terror lives on in economic policies, architecture, the country's grave-pocked landscape, and in the everyday lives of Chileans. My research examines a former prison and torture center that has been converted into a cultural park: a space of culture, art, and community, sanctioned and administered by the state. It serves as a microcosm for Chile, which has chosen to erase its violent past while also perpetuating a system of class stratification and power structures that come directly …
The Experiences Of Hispanic International Students As Interviewees In A Cross-Cultural Interview Project, Ren S. Carbutt
The Experiences Of Hispanic International Students As Interviewees In A Cross-Cultural Interview Project, Ren S. Carbutt
Theses and Dissertations
In the field of world language education, it has long been affirmed that language and culture are inseparable. It has also often been asked how teaching language and culture in an inseparable way is to be accomplished. One solution that has been proposed is ethnographic interviews. Other studies have demonstrated that interviewing native cultural informants is beneficial for language students. This study examined whether such interviews are also beneficial to the native informants. The participants in this project, sixteen native speakers of Spanish, were each interviewed three times by a pair of Spanish students who employed ethnographic techniques as a …
Place Construction, Identity, And Capital Investment: An Investigation Of Two Tourist Landscapes In Michigan, Andrew Stawarski
Place Construction, Identity, And Capital Investment: An Investigation Of Two Tourist Landscapes In Michigan, Andrew Stawarski
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tourist communities exist all over the world. They are areas that are focused on tourism and are often tailored to resemble specific regions or themes to better achieve capital gain. In this study, two cities in Michigan are examined to better understand how the cultural landscapes are experienced and what practices are employed throughout the landscape. Specifically, this thesis investigates the spatial practices that are involved in re-creating and re-presenting ―themed‖ landscapes. Another question analyzed is whether the ―themed‖ landscapes reflect the resident‘s daily lives and/or their histories. This thesis examines the two Michigan cities of Gaylord and Frankenmuth, re-presenting …