Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons^™

The Effects Of Cognates On Receptive And Expressive Language Among Typically Developing Preschool Second Language-Learners, Jesica B. Zavala De Guerrero

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This exploratory study considers the facilitating effects of cognates across language of intervention, seeking to assess potential cross-language generalizations among typically developing preschool bilinguals. Nine bilingual, English-Spanish speakers of preschool age were assigned to one of three experimental groups (an English only group, a Spanish only group, and a bilingual group) or to a control condition. Children in the experimental groups were introduced to a vocabulary intervention that incorporated cognates and non-cognates. Analysis of data suggests the absence of a cognate advantage among preschool age children; furthermore limiting any possible cross-language generalizations. It is plausible to suspect that age may …

Reading Highly Interactive Electronic Storybooks Vs. Minimally Interactive Electronic Books: Relative Influence On Time On Task, Narrative Retell, And Parental Perceptions, Jose Humberto Carrasco

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in percentage of book read and the complexity of the narrative retell when children read highly interactive electronic books (e-books) versus minimally interactive e-books. An area to study further was parent's perceptions of their children's preference of highly versus minimally interactive e-book. A single subject rapid-alternating treatment design was used on three children (4-6 years of age). The participants read and then provided a narrative retell of both e-books over a 12-week period. Children's percentage of book read, grammar elements, cohesion elements, and proposition use were analyzed. …

Phonetic Realization Of /P, T, K/ In Spanish-English Code-Switching, Gisela Simental

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The aim of this investigation is to contribute to the relatively unexplored area of phonetic realization of sounds during code switching. The present study will focus on the analysis of voice onset time of voiceless stops in stressed word initial position. Spanish and English are ideal languages to test how bilinguals process and produce the low-level phonetic properties of stops during CS. Both languages have the same set of voiceless stops: /p, t, k/, yet these stops have different phonetic (or acoustic) characteristics in each language. Data was collected from the naturalistic speech of balanced bilinguals who were exposed to …

Rewriting Revision: A Case Study Of First Year Composition Students, Myshie M. Pagel

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This case study focuses on the revision practices of seven first year composition students at a U.S./Mexico border community college. The analysis of revision practices is framed by the negotiation of dissonance between gist and intention. Three types of data were collected: screen captured writing sessions, instructor comments, and participant interviews. The data was analyzed through a grid based on Faigley and Witte's taxonomy grid of revision changes. This included three major categories: surface level, meaning preserving, and text base level changes. As in past studies on revision, the participants in this case study followed a similar trend. A majority …

Bilingual Adult Nonword Repetition Performance Patterns In English And Spanish, Gabriela Villaneda

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Nonword repetition (NWR) is known to assess phonological working memory. During NWR, the individual listens to made-up words and repeats them back. This study evaluated NWR performance patterns, and the relationship between NWR and language recall tasks among forty English and Spanish bilingual adults. Bilingual adults' ages ranged from 18-67 years. Four language recall tasks were administered, including NWR tasks (assessed by PPC), language questionnaire to assess participants' language usage in English and Spanish, sentence repetition task (assessed by raw score), and a story retell (assessed by NDW). All recall measures were administered in a counterbalanced manner across English and …

Acoustic Analysis Of The Allophones Of The Mid-Front Spanish Vowel /E/, Raquel Gonzalez De Anda

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This thesis examines the Spanish phoneme /e/ and its open allophone(s). Current literature shows that there is no complete agreement with regards to the specific phonetic environments that trigger the opening of /e/, nor if "open" is the best term to describe the allophone(s). Examining /e/ allophones in Spanish monolinguals clarifies current literature inconsistencies; and therefore, creates a baseline for future studies related to this particular vowel. In this study, the speech of ten Spanish monolingual university students was recorded. Participants read a list of words that contained /e/ in certain phonetic contexts. Each instance of /e/ was acoustically analyzed …

Event Related Potential Changes In A Two-Stimulus Auditory Oddball Task In Concussed College Athletes: A Linguistic Component, Paola G. Sanchez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

"Return to Play" decisions are done based on cognitive-communicative testing and clinical assessments; concussed athletes may benefit from electrophysiological testing for a more accurate representation of their recovery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the electrophysiological performance post-concussion analyzing the attentional differences using the traditional "oddball" paradigm with a CV linguistic component. Participants for this study were 6 male college athletes with a history of concussion and 10 participants with no history of concussion (controls). Athletes were evaluated using event-related potentials (ERPs) that were recorded during a consonant-vowel (CV) auditory oddball task. Both the P300a and P300b components …

Treatment For Children With High Functioning Autism: A Comparison Of Social Stories To Musically Adapted Social Stories, Veronica M. Torres

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The incorporation of music and social stories has been seldom tested, thus a study which uses a single-subject, alternating treatment design assesses the effects of standard social stories versus musically adapted social stories on the pragmatic abilities of an individual with high-functioning autism is presented. The goal of this project was to determine whether read social stories versus musically adapted social stories would be more beneficial in reducing problem behaviors in a child with high-functioning autism. Both types of social stories were implemented with the participant and the data supported the effectiveness of both treatments. Though the musically adapted social …

Asl Versus Gestures: Mothers Promotion Of Manual Communication With Their Children, Vanessa Michelle Arreola

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Using ASL and/or gestures has been found to facilitate verbal language in hearing children and has become a new area of interest among researchers. Because socioeconomic status plays a role in behaviors and language development, this study was designed to target individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds in the hopes of finding whether ASL or gestures were used more by their children, whether mothers are capable of promoting the use of ASL in the home environment, and whether ASL or gestures was preferred more by the mothers. Mothers were taught ASL signs based on the MacArthur Communicative Index and gestures in …

Learning The Meaning Of Verbs: Insights From Quechua, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

Largely based on observations of English-speaking children, investigators have proposed constraints on verb learning, e.g., syntactic bootstrapping, the principle of uniqueness, and innate semantic-conceptual categories. Children produce overgeneralization errors as they acquire verb meaning, and data from some languages reveal an intriguing asymmetry: children use intransitive verbs transitively, while seldom using causative-transitive verbs intransitively. This study presents experimental evidence corroborating the author's earlier finding that Quechua-speaking children’s overgeneralization errors observe the same asymmetry. The transitive variants of change-of-state verbs were elicited from 30 Peruvian children, aged 2;8-4;11. The ensuing discussion considers how Quechua-speaking children recover from this pattern of overgeneralization …

Cracked Spaces And Body Acts, Maria Miranda Maloney

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Poetry of resistance, political, dealing with topics of identity, geography, forms and language.

Child Production Of Quechua Evidential Morphemes In Conversations And Story Retellings, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

Languages such as Turkish, Korean, and Japanese exhibit evidential morphemes encoding information source as direct or indirect evidence. Investigations of child acquisition of evidential systems (notably, Aksu-Koc, 1988; Choi, 1995; Matsui, Yamamoto & McCagg, 2006) reveal that development of evidential meaning is a protracted process, relying on children’s incremental understanding of mental states. This study examines child production of five Quechua suffixes, including three evidential enclitics (direct evidence, hearsay, report), and two verb inflections that differentiate perceived and unperceived events in past time. For this purpose, the research team recorded 15 conversations between mothers and their children, aged 2;3-8;0, as …

The Effects Of Using A Scripted Or Unscripted Interview In Forensic Interviews With Interpreters, Nicole Pruss

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The current study set out to replicate and expand the results of a study by Pruss (2007) which found that information is lost when interviews are conducted through interpreters. In the present study, Viewers (i.e., mock eyewitnesses) fluent in Spanish watched a video of a burglary and then were interviewed in Spanish about what they had seen. Half of Viewers were randomly assigned to be interviewed by an English-speaking Interviewer through a bilingual Interpreter (Interpreter condition), and the other half were randomly assigned to be interviewed directly by a Spanish speaking Interviewer with no Interpreter (No Interpreter condition). Within each …

Adult And Child Production Of Quechua Relative Clauses, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

This study investigates the production of Quechua relative clauses by Peruvian adults and children, aged 2;8-4;7. Quechua relative clauses may be internally-headed, externally-headed, or headless. Previous studies (e.g., O’Grady, 2003), suggested two outcomes: children will have less difficulty producing subject-gap relative clauses than other types; and, compared to adults, children will produce more headed relatives, especially internally-headed relative clauses. A procedure was used to elicit production of two relative clauses for each of four types: subject-gap, direct object-gap, non-direct object-gap, possessor-gap. Participants produced all types with equal ease, although children produced more errors; children produced comparatively more headless relatives, and …

Creating A Language Learning Environment: Salt River...Pima-Maricopa Indain Community...Language Program, Jeffrey Shepherd

Selected Works Temporary Series

This article analyzes a language revitalization program implemented in an elementary classroom on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, outside of Phoenix, Arizona. The authors created the program under the assumption that classroom pedagogy cannot help students learn their native language without everyday usage of the O'odham and Pipash languages at home. The authors provide the social and historical context for the community, and the language policies applied to the two tribes, and then they provide a detailed look at strenghts and weaknesses of implementing a language community model in the classroom. In addition, the authors discuss the importance of …

Learning To Construct Verbs In Navajo And Quechua, Ellen Courtney, Muriel Saville-Troike

Selected Works Temporary Series

Navajo and Quechua, both languages with a highly complex morphology, provide intriguing insights into the acquisition of inflectional systems. The development of the verb in the two languages is especially interesting, since the morphology encodes diverse grammatical notions, with the complex verb often constituting the entire sentence. While the verb complex in Navajo is stem-final, with prefixes appended to the stem in a rigid sequence, Quechua verbs are assembled entirely through suffixation, with some variation in affix ordering. We explore issues relevant to the acquisition of verb morphology by children learning Navajo and Quechua as their first language. Our study …

Child Acquisition Of Quechua Causatives And Change-Of-State Verbs, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

This paper uses data concerning the acquisition of Quechua causatives to explore the development of morphological features that reflect variation in argument structure: (1) case-marking on the causees of morphological causatives and (2) transitivity permutations for change-of-state verbs. Quechua speakers assign to the causee varying degrees of volitional control through use of different case inflections. As to Quechua change-of-state verbs, those corresponding to verbs that participate in the causative alternation in other languages, such as English break and boil, pose a particular challenge. According to Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1994, 1995), these verbs tend to be basically transitive across languages, …

Duplication In The L2 Spanish Produced By Quechua-Speaking Children: Transfer Of A Pragmatic Strategy, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

Languages long in contact in the Andean countries, Quechua and Spanish are intriguing partners in bilingual speech because they exhibit very different word order patterns. In a study exploring the development of Spanish word order in Quechua-speaking children, Minaya & Luján (1982) reported that children frequently produced "hybrid" (S)VOV structures. They proposed that the children had a transitional grammar with a nonadult phrase structure rule. This study presents a vigorous challenge to this claim. First, both adult and child speakers of Quechua duplicate not only verbs, but a variety of constituent types, presumably for emphatic effect. Second, the Minaya & …

Child Acquisition Of The Quechua Affirmative Suffix, Ellen Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

The Acquisition Of Collective Nouns, P. Bloom, D. Kelemen, A. Fountain, E. Courtney

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Collar And Daniell's First Year Latin, Thornton Jenkins

Books & Monographs

[From the Preface]

The book that is placed in the hands of a pupil during his first year of the study of Latin should be simple and clear and interesting in its treatment of the language; it should teach with the utmost thoroughness those principles that it attempts to teach, but it should not attempt to teach to-day what may be taught more properly to-morrow; it should get the pupil into the reading of easy connected Latin as soon as possible, and for this purpose should supply a generous amount of material graded to his attainment; and it should never …

First Year Latin: Preparatory To Caesar, Charles E. Bennett

Books & Monographs

[From the Preface]

Most teachers will measure the value of a beginning book by the thoroughness with which it prepares for the work to be done in the second year. The work of second-year Latin in this country centres, as a rule, around the study of Caesar's Commentaries and the Latin Grammar. The present volume is intended to meet both these ends in the most successful way.

Latin Grammar, Charles E. Bennett

Books & Monographs

[From the Preface of the first edition]

The object of this book is to present the essential facts of Latin grammar in a direct and simple manner, and with the smallest compass consistent with scholarly standards...