History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

The Glass Vessels From ‘Ein Ez-Zeituna (Pp. 77–84), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

Some 400 glass vessels were retrieved from the site of which only 30% were diagnostic. The majority of the vessels were dated to the Early Roman period (second half of the first–first half of the second centuries CE). They were all free-blown of light blue, light green or colorless glass. The vessels’ shape, glass quality and the lack of luxury ware or imports suggest a local production.

Coins From ‘Ein Ez-Zeituna (Pp. 85–90), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 25 coins were retrieved during the excavations, 21 of them were identified. The numismatic evidence is very homogeneous and dates to the first and second centuries CE. All the coins, except for one Hasmonean coin of King Alexander Jannaeus, are Roman Provincial issues. The distribution of the mints reflects the common currency that circulated near the site: Caesarea, Sepphoris-Diocaesarea and Tiberias.

A Salvage Excavation At ‘Ein Ez-Zeituna In Naḥal ‘Iron (Pp. 31–69), Don Glick

'Atiqot

A monumental, nearly square, two-story peristyle building was revealed, dating to the second century CE. It was flanked on the east by a row of shops and on the west, by additional architectural remains. The structure is a typical Greco-Roman peristyle building, consisting of a central colonnaded courtyard, a portico and 20 rooms. The strikingly meticulous craftsmanship of the building’s construction and the high-quality stone masonry attest that it was built by professional builders. The finds included large amounts of Early Roman potsherds; several basalt vessels, pestles, grinding stones and millstones; metal objects, mostly nails; and domestic glass vessels from …

Design Analysis Of The Peristyle Building From ‘Ein Ez-Zeituna (Pp. 71–75), David Milson

'Atiqot

The peristyle building at ‘Ein ez-Zeituna followed the design of the Roman pedes according to a very strict plan. The workmanship of the building is outstanding, marking it as an architectural landmark in public construction in Roman Palestine.

Burials From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Roman Period At Bet Dagan (Pp. 23–30), Martin Peilstöcker

'Atiqot

Nine tombs were excavated: seven dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA), and two, to the Early Roman period. The IBA tombs were all simple burial pits, dug into hamra soil. The Roman-period tombs were cist graves. The pottery finds from the IBA pits included a bowl, cups, jars, amphoriskoi and a lamp, all resembling Dever’s Southern Family. The finds from the Roman period comprised two pottery vessels and a rare bronze jug with a decorated handle.

Salvage Excavations At A Pre-Pottery Neolithic Site At Modi‘In (Pp. 1–14), Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

Excavations undertaken on two hills and an intervening field revealed a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site. On the eastern hill, more than 300 flint objects were retrieved, mostly natural chunks and flakes; no traces of permanent human presence or activity were recorded. On the western hill, 565 lithics were collected, dating to Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA); outcrops of the raw material used for their manufacture were observed on the surface. Numerous flint objects also dating to PPNA were visible on the surface in the intervening field. This site is a new link in the chain of PPNA sites discovered in the Modi‘in …

Remains Of An Early Chalcolithic Settlement On The Fringes Of Ḥorbat Usha (Pp. 15–22), Martin Peilstöcker

'Atiqot

A small-scale salvage excavation was conducted at the foot of Ḥorbat Usha. Only meager architectural remains were uncovered, including wall and floor fragments. The finds comprised pottery, a basalt vessel and flint artifacts characteristic of the Chalcolithic period.

Survey Of Ancient Agricultural Systems At The ‘En Gedi Oasis (Hebrew; English Summary), Yosef Porath

'Atiqot

Impressive remains of agricultural systems on the western shore of the Dead Sea attest to human efforts to prepare the land for cultivation, despite detrimental conditions. Surviving terraces and water installations of ancient farming systems attest that the economy of the ‘En Gedi inhabitants was based mainly on crops. These crops were grown for both local consumption and for market; the most notable plant was date palms. The earliest irrigation system dates to the Hasmonean period. During the Herodian dynasty, the ‘En Gedi Oasis was at its zenith, reaching its peak in the second third of the first century CE. …

Identification Of The Wood In The Ancient Boat From The Sea Of Galilee, Ella Werker

'Atiqot

The ancient boat of Galilee is built of wooden parts that served different roles in its construction: strakes, frames, keel, tenons and pegs. The boat’s timbers were examined, and 12 plant genera were identified, the two main ones being cedar and oak. All the identified tree species grow in the area, at various distances from the Sea of Galilee, except for cedrus, which was brought from further north. The choice of wood for the boat’s construction was based on factors such as hardness, durability, abundance, shape and length.

Conservation Of The Ancient Boat From The Sea Of Galilee, Orna Cohen

'Atiqot

The Galilee or Kinneret Boat, also dubbed “Jesus’ Boat,” was found and excavated in 1986. The various degrees of deterioration of the wood, the wood species and the size of the vessel were factors that reflected on the choice of the conservation method. Iron elements, such as nails, were also treated, and biological and bacterial problems were addressed. This report describes the chemical process of the conservation treatment of the wood and iron nails; the overcoming of biological and bacterial problems; and additional technical aspects of the conservation process. The report also describes the stages of preparation of the boat …

Khan Gesher: Epitaph Of A Muslim, Moshe Sharon

'Atiqot

A limestone slab inscribed with five lines of elegant naskhi script was found within the Mamluk-period water system at Khan Gesher. The inscription is professionally cut in relief, with no points or vowels.

Khan Gesher: The Coins, Ariel Berman

'Atiqot

The numismatic finds date to two main periods: the Mamluk and Late Ottoman. All the coins are of bronze. Two modern German coins, from 1924 and 1930, and one American coin, from 1914, can be associated with the first settlers of Kibbutz Gesher.

Khan Gesher (Jisr El-Majami‘), Abdullah Mokary, Zvi Gal

'Atiqot

Khan Gesher is one of the earliest khans in Galilee. Three periods of occupation were documented at the site. The khan was first built during the Mamluk period as a square complex, with a central courtyard surrounded by rooms and halls. The halls served as stables, and the rooms and the central courtyard served non-residential functions, e.g., a gate, a water system, and a prayer room. Thus, the khan might have had a second story for housing travelers. During the Ottoman period, the building underwent changes and modifications. The khan was probably destroyed in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth …

Hellenistic And Crusader Remains At Montmusard, Acre (‘Akko), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

The finds from the Hellenistic period comprise building remains that contained imported amphoras dating from the last third of the third century to the third quarter of the second century BCE, as well as pottery lamps, cooking vessels and bowls from the third–second centuries. The Crusader period yielded the remains of walls and pottery dating to the late twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE.

Stamped Amphora Handles And Unstamped Amphora Fragments From Acre (‘Akko), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Sixteen stamped amphora handles were retrieved from the excavations at ‘Akko, originating from two production centers: Rhodes and Chios. Their dates range from the last third of the third century to the third quarter of the second century BCE.

Textiles, Basketry, Cordage And Whorls From Mo’A (Moje Awad), Orit Shamir

'Atiqot

The artifacts were discovered in a way station along the Spice Route, which was exposed at Mo’a in the ‘Arava Valley. A total of 310 textile fragments were analyzed. They are made of wool, goat hair and linen, in plain weave and its variations. Dyed fabrics are also present. Some pieces were decorated with colored bands or tapestry. Most of the 88 basketry items were plaited. In addition, there are two braids, a sandal and a net. The cordage from Mo’a comprises 166 threads, strings and ropes, mostly made from date palm, goat hair, wool, and mixed goat hair and …

Gamla 1997–2000, Danny Syon, Zvi Yavor

'Atiqot

Several areas at Gamla were excavated prior to the commencement of visitor-oriented development works at the site. In Area B, ‘the Hasmonean Quarter”, the excavation provided a first clue as to the boundaries of this anomalous area. The earliest finds were discovered in Area G, and included band-slipped potsherds, diagnostic of Early Bronze Age IB. Area K yielded the remains of a private mansion, which appears to have been a three-level domestic residence dating from the first century CE. In Area S, the remains of a basilica partitioned into three aisles were unearthed, and identified as a Jewish public building.

Salvage Excavations In The Modi‘In Landscape, Amir Golani

'Atiqot

Approximately 100 sites were investigated in the area by means of surveys and excavations. Thirteen winepresses were identified, surrounded by cupmarks and basins, alluding to the agricultural exploitation of the area. Thirty-two stone clearance piles were documented. In most piles, limited amounts of Late Hellenistic–Early Roman ceramics were recovered, suggesting they were constructed during that period. Some of these features were of a later date, the Byzantine–Umayyad periods. In the Medieval and Ottoman periods, the region was exploited for its natural resources. Nearly all the charcoal burners and limekilns seem to date to these times.

A Burial Cave With A Greek Inscription And Graffiti At Khirbat El-‘Ein, Judean Shephelah, Boaz Zissu

'Atiqot

The cave, arranged along an east–west axis, comprises a courtyard, a vestibule, a burial chamber and an additional room. This plan is characteristic of burial caves dating to the first century CE in Jerusalem and the Judean Shephelah. The entranceway to the burial chamber was blocked by a roll-stone. The doorjambs of the inner section of the entranceway were smoothed and incised with a long Greek inscription that could not be deciphered, but might have had a magical meaning; two nefashot—tomb markers that often surmounted burial caves—are also incised on the doorjambs. Three loculi (kokhim) were hewn in the burial …

The Hebrew Ostraca From Site 94/21, Cave A-2, At Ramat Bet Shemesh, Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

An Iron Age C cave, probably a cellar, was excavated some 400 m southwest of Ḥorbat Zanoaḥ. The cave, which yielded pottery dating between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the sixth centuries BCE, included three ostraca. The letters on the inscribed sherds were poorly preserved. Most of the legible personal names are typical of Judah at the end of the First Temple period, which is corroborated by the script as well. The ostraca shed light on how issues relating to the measurement or produce of fields belonging to several persons were dealt with.

A Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Tur‘An, Lilly Gershuny, Emanuel Eisenberg

'Atiqot

The burial cave, carved into limestone, consists of a square, vertical shaft and an elliptical room. The cave’s contents, which included pottery vessels, carnelian beads, a bronze toggle pin and a stone pommel, were scattered on a fill on the floor. Six adult individuals and one child were identified. The bones of sheep and cattle, which served as food offerings, were found as well. The pottery included bowls, a storage jar, a large krater with loop feet, jugs, dipper and piriform juglets, and a unique Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglet with a zoomorphic protome. The cave is a typical Early Bronze Age …

Shifting Perspectives: Valuing Art For Its Usefulness, Not Just Its Aesthetics, Morgan Hatfield

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Art is everywhere. From paintings, to entertainment, even to gardening and architecture, art is an essential part of society and culture. However, art can frequently be trapped in its own bubble, seen as something of not much use to “real” professionals such as physicians, therapists, or scientists. This line of thinking discredits the flexibility of art. It is only through the analysis of art’s impact on society that one can see the broad array of disciplines that art can affect and thus see the true value of art. Focusing primarily on visual art, I seek to place a value on …

Gone With The Wind: The Confederacy's Trojan Horse, Skyler J. Shipp

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

This paper analyzes the film Gone with the Wind as a piece of Southern nationalist propaganda. This includes an exploration of the earlier Southern nationalist film Birth of a Nation, as well as a comparison to Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. In my analysis of Gone with the Wind’s production process, including memos between producer David O. Selznick and other members of the production team, I find that Selznick maintained tight control over the film’s production and was extremely concerned with maintaining positive publicity for his film. This led him to allow a few seemingly progressive …

Towards The Non-Spectacle: Responses To Necropolitics In The Artwork Of Teresa Margolles And Maya Watanabe, Leslie Anne Condon

Masters Theses

How do we engage with artwork that addresses complicated histories

of colonialism and political violence, specifically intangible and

incomprehensible violence? Mexican artist Teresa Margolles’ 2005 work, Lote

Bravo, is named after and composed of the soil from a mass grave site

discovered in 1995 in the southeastern corner of Ciudad Juárez, a city known

internationally for the femicide that has continued to haunt its streets and

peripheries since the 1990s. Peruvian filmmaker Maya Watanabe’s 2019 film

Liminal cinematically documents the official exhumation of two mass graves

in the Ayacucho and Huánuco regions of the Andes highlands, where

thousands of …

Ard Es-Samra: A Protohistoric Settlement On The Outskirts Of The ‘Akko Plain / ארד א־סמרה: אתר יישוב פרוטו־היסטורי בשולי מישור עכו, Nimrod Getzov, Jacob Vardi, Nimrod Marom

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavation at Ard es-Samra revealed a protohistoric site covering an area of c. 200 dunams. Pottery and flint tools found at the site are attributed to a nearby Pre-Pottery Neolithic B–Pottery Neolithic settlement, while remains from the Early Chalcolithic III period suggest the existence of a small settlement at the site. Late Chalcolithic remains include evidence of cave dwellings, a flint knapping workshop and a hewn winepress—the oldest winepress uncovered in Israel to date. Early Bronze Age I remains include an EB IA burial cave and EB IB structures. Scant remains of structures and a rich assemblage of pottery …

ʻAmqa: The Coins, Donald T. Ariel

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavations at ‘Amqa yielded seven coins, six of which are identifiable. Three of the coins are from the Hellenistic period, two are Byzantine and one is from the late Ottoman period. The Hellenistic coins, including one tetradrachm, support evidence of occupation at the site during this period. The Byzantine and Ottoman coins augment the architectural remains uncovered during the excavations, which indicate more substantial occupations at the site during these later periods.

ʽAmqa: Faunal Remains From The Late Fatimid–Early Crusader Periods, Nimrod Marom

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

This report analyzes faunal remains found in a building complex at ‘Amqa, primarily from the late Fatimid–early Crusader periods (eleventh–twelfth centuries CE). The assemblage consists mainly of cattle, sheep and goats, with a smaller number of camel, wild boar, equid, chicken and tortoise remains. Cattle bones, particularly from young individuals, are most prevalent, suggesting a focus on cattle rearing. Butchery marks indicate the use of tools for carcass processing, and bone fragmentation patterns suggest both intentional breakage and natural weathering. Comparisons with other sites from the same period highlight the unique predominance of cattle in ‘Amqa, possibly due to the …

‘Amqa: The Glass Finds, Yael Gorin-Rosen

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavations at ‛Amqa yielded about fifty identifiable fragments of glass vessels from the Late Roman–early Byzantine, the late Byzantine–Early Islamic and the medieval periods. The finds also included remains of glass production debris, such as raw glass chunks and a fragment from a furnace floor with raw glass adhering to it. The assemblage from ‛Amqa contributes to our knowledge of the vessel repertoire used in a rural settlement in the western part of Upper Galilee, mainly during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. These vessels were likely produced in a local workshop in ‛Amqa or one of the nearby settlements.

ʽAmqa: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods, Yardenna Alexandre, Michael Cohen

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

A salvage excavation at ‘Amqa, on the northern part of a hill located at the juncture of the ‘Akko coastal plain and the foothills of western Upper Galilee, revealed archaeological remains from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Iron II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Small excavation areas distributed over the hill exposed fragmentary architectural remains from Iron II, and a coastal pottery assemblage from the Hellenistic period. The Roman-period remains of a village included the walls of four buildings associated with Galilean pottery. Larger-scale Byzantine-period building remains, including a public building and a storage complex, as well as an …

A Lead Pilgrimage Ampulla From ‘Akko’S Crusader Harbor, Jacob Sharvit, Bridget Buxton, William H. Krieger, Dror Planer, Ofra Barkai

'Atiqot

A medieval mold-made lead pilgrimage ampulla was retrieved in an underwater excavation in the port of ‘Akko. It exhibits molded ribbing, resembling a scallop shell or drawstring purse on one side, and an aniconic quatrefoil petal on the other. Such mass-produced, budget-friendly, lead pilgrim ampullae are well-known in medieval Christianity, probably reflecting an insatiable desire for holy relics. Certain characteristics of the ampulla may suggest that it was locally produced in ‘Akko. In the Crusader period, ‘Akko was the major maritime gateway in and out of the Holy Land for European pilgrims, and the ‘Akko ampulla may have arrived at …