History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

An Ideology Of Racism: Community Representation, Segregation, And The Historical Cemeteries Of Panama City, Florida, Ethan David Mauldin Putman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mortuary research in historical archaeology has always acknowledged the cultural and symbolic links between cemeteries and the people who created them. Studies across multiple disciplines focus on what data can be gained about past societies from historical cemeteries, and they tend to ascribe to an understanding of the ‘cemetery-as-model.’ This idea of the local burial ground as a mirror of the community that formed it seems reasonable, even logical, but few of these studies have taken the time to compare the historical context of the societies in question to the results of their cemetery analyses. The assumption of the cemetery …

A Biocultural Analysis Of The Impacts Of Interactions Between West Africans And Europeans During The Trans-Atlantic Trade At Elmina, Ghana, Heidi Ellen Miller

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This project utilizes a biocultural approach to assess the demographics and health of the West African population from Elmina, Ghana. Elmina, selected by the Portuguese in 1482 as the site of the first European trade fort in sub-Saharan Africa, grew from a small coastal fishing village to a large settlement over the course of more than 400 years of trade and cultural entanglement. Taken over by the Dutch and then ceded to the British, the people of Elmina navigated significant cultural changes, changes and experiences that can be detected in their skeletal remains. Bioarchaeological research concerned with the effects of …

Privies As Portals: A Ceramic And Glass Bottle Analysis Of A Late 19th Century Household Privy In Ellenton, Fl, Shana Boyer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis uses ceramic and glass bottles recovered from a privy feature at the Gamble Plantation site to examine the manifestations of Victorian ideals and health practices of a wealthy white family living in Florida’s “pioneer” landscape. Through the analysis of these artifacts this thesis aims to understand the archaeology of status and consumption while evaluating how class can impact consumer behaviors. Artifacts for analysis were collected in the 2017 and 2018 field seasons using the systematic sampling method which led to the discovery of the privy feature at the end of the 2017 season. From the privy to the …

Ware And Tear In Ancient Tampa Bay: Ceramic Elemental Analyses From Pinellas County Sites, Mckenna Loren Douglass

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research tested a null hypothesis on whether ceramics from a variety of archaeological sites around the Pinellas County peninsula were sourced locally for their materials. The sites in this study include Weeden Island (8PI1-5-6-A/B/C/D), Bayshore Homes (8PI41), Yat Kitischee (8PI1753), and Maximo Point (8PI19). Since there were multiple sites that I assessed in the Tampa Bay, Florida area, I focused on one cultural period, Safety Harbor (AD 900-1500), and the ceramics created during it at the various locations. My research questions included: Were materials locally sourced for ceramic production at each of these sites? If not, what is the …

Rethinking Settlement Patterns At The Weeden Island Site (8pi1) On Florida’S Central Gulf Coast, Heather E. Draskovich

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Weeden Island site (8PI1), despite its importance as a Weeden Island period (AD 200-900) settlement and ceremonial center of the southeastern United States and type site for the ceramic series bearing its name, has largely remained poorly-dated given its size and multiple components. With the limited number of dates available to archaeologists from the Weeden Island component, there has continued to be a lack of temporal and spatial control needed to answer many of the significant questions involving change at the site. Through the execution of shovel testing in previously uninvestigated areas of the site and analysis of material …

Site Suitability Modeling In The Sand Pine Scrub Of The Ocala National Forest, Jelane M. Wallace

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Central Florida’s Ocala National Forest is the largest remnant of the unique-to-the-region Sand Pine Scrub ecosystem. This ecosystem exhibits a surprising wealth of biodiversity despite what may be characterized as barren, difficult, dry, pyrogenic conditions. Significant prehistoric sites exist throughout the forest, even in the Sand Pine Scrub; however, most are on the margins and few systematic surveys penetrated this ecosystem, until now. I utilized GIS and these recently collected archaeological survey data, in conjunction with other environmental, geological, or historical data in GIS format, to model prehistoric settlement and land use patterns. This model attempts to address questions of …

The Early Medieval Transition: Diet Reconstruction, Mobility, And Culture Contact In The Ravenna Countryside, Northern Italy, Anastasia Temkina

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research project evaluates the effects of increased mobility and culture contact on dietary practices, and on dietary variation among people buried at two northern Italian sites, Chiunsano di Ficarolo and Chiesazza di Ficarolo, located near the ancient Roman capital of Ravenna and dating 4th to 7th century CE. The Early Medieval period was a time of change, political instability, migration and invasion of the “barbarian” tribes, and diet was not unaffected. In particular, it is hypothesized that a new staple crop, millet, was introduced and that meat consumption had increased. The goal of this research is to use stable …

Archaeology And Seasonality Of Stock Island (8mo2), A Glades-Tradition Village On Key West, Ryan M. Harke

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Later Glades-period cultures (ca. 500–1760 CE) of south Florida and the Florida Keys are understudied and thus poorly understood, especially those that pre-date the arrival of Spaniards to the New World. Recent archaeological models of their sociopolitical organization suggest that by the Glades I-II transition (750/800 CE), south Florida peoples were organized into what appear to be regional population centers (e.g., Pineland and Mound Key, Granada, Turner River) and smaller hinterland towns in the Everglades (e.g., Cane Patch, Bear Lake) and the Florida Keys (e.g., Stock Island, Clupper Site). Smaller towns are hypothesized to be sedentary, heterarchically-organized, simple chiefdoms from …

Pollen-Vegetation Relationships In Upper Tampa Bay, Jaime E. Zolik

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Archaeological and environmental studies reveal prehistoric human-environmental interactions and resolve baseline conditions for estuaries. Paleoecological proxies, such as pollen, aid archeologists in investigating past vegetation dynamics and human impacts. An issue with collecting this information today is that most present-day estuaries in Tampa Bay have been succeeded by mangrove communities and do not represent baseline vegetation dynamics. This is believed to be the consequences of widespread mosquito ditching. As a result of this, the once complex mangrove, salt marsh, juncus marsh, salt prairie, and coastal upland mosaics were converted to monodominant mangrove forests. Upper Tampa Bay (UTB) park contains some …

From Mythology To Pop Culture: Myth, Representation, And The Historiography Of The Amazon Warrior Woman In Ancient Art And Modern Media, James William Poorman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In today’s global society, the mediums in which cultural iconography are portrayed are mostly film, photography, and other mass media. 2500 years ago, in classical Athens, pottery and sculpture dominated the social scene. . Regardless of societies, religions, cultures, etc., certain human traits seem to follow us through time. On the other hand, some things do change, i.e.: the way civilizations view other groups through cultural lenses, view their own culture through perceived gender norms, and how civilizations and cultures try to correlate taboos into the exotic or barbaric. Wonder Woman is a recreation, or reinvention, of an ancient Athenian …

Of Body And Mind: Bioarchaeological Analysis Of Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century Anatomization And Institutionalization In Siena, Italy, Jacqueline M. Berger

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Institutional bioarchaeology is a growing sub-field within bioarchaeology, particularly social bioarchaeology as informed by the biocultural approach. However, the majority of studies in this vein have primarily addressed English-speaking contexts, to include analyses of institutional assemblages preserved archaeologically, and anatomical collections. The present study examines of the Siena Craniological Collection (SCC) - located in Siena, Italy. The collection was assembled between 1862-1931, and originally contained remains of 1,122 patients from both the general and mental hospitals in operation in Siena during this period (Brasili-Gualandi & Gualdi-Russo, 1989a). In addition to demographic analysis of the Siena Craniological Collection as a whole, …

Empress Nur Jahan And Female Empowerment: A Critical Analysis Of A Long-Forgotten Mughal Portrait, Angela N. Finkbeiner

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a study of a seventeenth-century watercolor portrait of the Mughal EmpressNur Jahan (r. 1611-1627). Titled Nur Jahan Holding a Musket and created by court painter Abu’l Hasan, the painting has not been the subject of a scholarly work before. In this unorthodox depiction of a female, Nur Jahan is shown sporting androgynous attire while actively loading a matchlock musket. Through visual and textual analysis, I read this portrait as a symbol of an empowered female and argue that once its meaning is decoded it can serve as a complex historical document that complicates Nur Jahan’s persona. Moving …

Analyses Of Woodland Check-Stamped Ceramics In Northwest Florida, John D. Blackburn

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research compares prehistoric check-stamped ceramics from two northwest Florida sites, Sunstroke (8Li217) and Roy Whitfield (8Gu52), to investigate change through time in pottery manufacture of this ubiquitous type from the Early to Late Woodland Periods, about 100-1000 C.E. These sites are about 60 km apart and connected by waterways in the middle and lower Apalachicola valley drainage system. The Roy Whitfield site is considered Early Woodland based on other diagnostic pottery types, and the Sunstroke site has been radiocarbon-dated to the Late Woodland Period. Check-stamping is a common form of ceramic surface treatment across the Woodland Period and beyond, …

Seasonality, Labor Organization, And Monumental Constructions: An Otolith Study From Florida’S Crystal River Site (8ci1) And Roberts Island Shell Mound Complex (8ci40 And 41), Elizabeth Anne Southard

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In recent decades, archaeological research has provided evidence that some mounds in the southeastern United States were constructed in short episodes. A large work force would have been required to accomplish these monumental projects. Shell mounds, in particular, provide an opportune type of architecture to investigate whether seasonal aggregations of laborers gathered at sites to engage in large-scale work projects because these mounds are constructed of aquatic resources that leave signatures for what time of the year they were caught or harvested. This study investigates whether the residents of the Crystal River site (8CI1) and Roberts Island (8CI40 and 41) …

Politics Vs. The Environment: The Spatial Distributions Of Mississippian Mound Centers In Tampa Bay, Adam J. Sax

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Safety Harbor culture that resided in West-Central Florida during the Mississippian period (~1000-1500 CE) was distant from the Mississippian heartland but built similar platform mound complexes and exhibited social hierarchies despite practicing an estuarine lifestyle that likely did not rely on extensive agriculture. To determine whether this coastal culture exhibited similar spatial patterns of platform mound centers to traditional inland cultures, GIS spatial analyses including distance matrices, density analyses, and least cost analyses (LCA) were performed within the Safety Harbor geographical nexus of Tampa Bay. The results were able to detect temporal changes in settlement patterns and estimate the …

Our Story, Our Homeland, Our Legacy: Settlement Patterns Of The Geechee At Sapelo Island Georgia, From 1860 To 1950, Colette D. Witcher

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Gullah Geechee are descendants of enslaved Africans who worked on the island coastal plantations of Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Northern Florida. The Gullah Geechee are known for having retained African cultural connections and practices in the United States through intergenerational knowledge transmission. On Sapelo Island, Georgia, during their 250 years on the island a least 15 historic communities have been acknowledged as representative of their distinct presence on the island. Hog Hammock which was established in 1878, is the last intact Gullah Geechee owned community, due to forced abandonment of the other communities during the early 1950s. …

Characterizing Childhood And Diet In Migration Period Hungary, Kirsten A. Verostick

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This project investigates children, childhood and diet of two different Migration Period (4^th-8^th century AD) populations, the Gepids and the Avars, in the Great Hungarian Plain. The main goal was to assess whether there are differences in treatment of children and differences in breastfeeding and weaning practices in these distinct sites and populations. Secondarily, this research also focused on characterizing diet for the Gepids and the Avars at four different sites from the Migration Period, to understand how the migration and settling into the region and the assimilation of other groups into the two populations affected their …

Recipes For The Living And The Dead: Technological Investigation Of Ceramics From Prehistoric Sicily. The Case Studies Of Sant’Angelo Muxaro And Polizzello, Gianpiero Caso

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The current study aims at testing whether potters acting across Central Sicily broadly shared the same manufacturing practices between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, or if they mediated and promoted a more diversified production. The study explores the technological features of local pottery by adopting an interdisciplinary approach to compare ancient ceramics from rock-cut burials at Sant’Angelo Muxaro, with those from the sanctuary at Polizzello through a combination of analytical techniques. The two sites were chosen as they best represent the cultural background of the Platani Valley. Sant’Angelo Muxaro seems to become the main location across inland Sicily …

Middle Woodland Mounds Of The Lower Chattahoochee, Lower Flint, And Apalachicola River Basin, Michael H. Lockman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A thorough literature review was completed in order to construct a database of all the known Middle Woodland-period (A.D. 300-700) mounds in the Apalachicola – lower Flint and lower Chattahoochee River drainages of northwest Florida, southwest Georgia, and southeast Alabama. The database presented in this document provides both quantitative and tabular data which may be used to evaluate, describe, and compare sites within this research region as they relate to one another as well as other sites in the Southeast. Through the lens of cultural materialism, descriptive statistics were used to summarize the accumulated data and ultimately refine our understanding …

Domestic Life During The Late Intermediate Period At El Campanario Site, Huarmey Valley, Peru, Jose Luis Peña

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates domestic activities conducted at El Campanario, an important settlement in the Huarmey Valley which is located in the north-central coast of Peru. The archaeological excavations and material analyses conducted at El Campanario for this dissertation revealed the presence of a characteristic ceramic style containing incised and press-molded decoration. This distinctive ceramic style is commonly denominated Casma and can be found along the Peruvian coast between the Chao Valley to the north and the Huarmey Valley to the south. The excavations were conducted in domestic contexts which were identified from the surface based on food remains and large …

Overturning The Turnbull Settlement: Artifact Analysis Of The Old Stone Wharf In New Smyrna Beach, Florida, Tracy R. Lovingood

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a report on an internship at the New Smyrna Museum of History, which primarily focused on the analysis of artifacts found at the primary import and export site of the Turnbull Settlement, called the Old Stone Wharf (8VO4298). The Turnbull settlement in New Smyrna Beach, Florida, was a plantation settlement founded by Dr. Andrew Turnbull of England, using the labor force of primarily European indentured servants. The settlement only lasted from 1768 to 1777. After it failed, all the inhabitants moved 75 miles north to St. Augustine and were able to flourish there, leaving a descendent community …

From Colonial Legacy To Difficult Heritage: Responding To And Remembering An Gorta Mór, Ireland’S Great Hunger, Katherine Elizabeth Shakour

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research has two main components: first, an exploration of how communities react to socio-natural disasters through time, and second, a discussion of how communities constructed the responses to tragedies as heritage over the long term. Disasters are often conceived as short-term, natural catastrophes, but, in reality, they are always social and natural phenomena and often impact communities for years or even decades. Employing archaeological, historical and ethnographic methods, this project examines local, regional, and national responses to social upheaval cause by prolonged food insecurity beginning with a potato blight in 1845 in Ireland. The 1845-1850 Famine was not just …

Archaeology And The Philosopher's Stance: An Advance In Ethics And Information Accessibility, Dina Rivera

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ancient Greek scholars have scaffolded ethical examination for several fields beyond philosophy, providing essential guidance for management and practicum within professions. From the Society of Antiquaries of London (1718) to the Society of American Archaeology (1934), the professional study has continued to evolve as new translations of the past and new models for predicting human behavior in the future would underpin the development of ethics in academic archaeology. Database enabled study creates opportunities for open research, expanding data pools and scientific perspectives and becomes essential for providing inclusivity, respect, and cooperation in order to build and rebuild paradigms.

Unwritten Records: Crime And Punishment In Early Virginia, Jessica L. Gantzert

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Crime and punishment are highly racialized aspects of American society, and have been since the beginning. History has consistently focused on wealthy white males, leaving large gaps in our collective understanding of criminality as it applies to poor people and people of color. My thesis discusses how people of Amherst County in Colonial Virginia navigated imprisonment and their positionality. I engage with constructivist and feminist theories to expose silences in archives which hinders deeper understanding of the archaeological record. Though my research, I have been able to find the names of some of the people that were imprisoned, along with …

The Effects Of Feudalism On Medieval English Mobility: A Biological Distance Study Using Nonmetric Cranial Traits., Jonathan H. Barkmeier

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Social and environmental factors play a key role in determining biocultural phenomena that can be observed on skeletal populations. Genetic markers in the form of nonmetric traits can help understand underlying questions about population movement and subsequent gene flow. During the medieval period in England, feudalism may have limited migration and created sedentary lifestyles for the peasant class who lived and worked on land owned by the nobility. By using a biological distance model, questions about the interactions between rural and urban populations, as well as the restrictive economic system that was in place during the Middle Ages, can be …

A Plan For Progress, Preservation, And Presentation At The Safety Harbor Museum And Cultural Center, Amanda L. Ward

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There are numerous ways in which heritage can be managed and presented to the public, such as: physical museums, virtual museums, tours of historic homes, and archaeological parks. For this project, I participated in and observed heritage preservation management under a unique partnership of the City of Safety Harbor recreation department and the Safety Harbor Museum Board in Safety Harbor, Florida. My internship was with the Safety Harbor Museum and Cultural Center, primarily under the direction of Shannon Schafer and Christine McWilliams. My initial focus was assisting these two groups with projects specific to the needs of the museum. I …

Seeing King Solomon Through The Verses Of Hafez: A Critical Study Of Two Safavid Manuscript Paintings, Richard W. Ellis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is focused on a previously unpublished collage comprised of two manuscript fragments from Safavid Iran. One fragment contains a painting that depicts an enthronement scene featuring King Solomon, which, as I argue, was taken from a copy of the Majalis al-Ushshaq by Kamal al-Din Gazurgahi. The other fragment contains verses from the Divan of Hafez. The fragment from the Divan has been gutted and overlaps the painting of Solomon, effectively framing the image. Through visual and textual analysis, I argue that both fragments come from manuscripts that were produced in Shiraz. I further argue that the painting of …

An Archaeological Investigation Of Enslavement At Gamble Plantation, S. Matthew Litteral

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, I have compiled information from archives, remote sensing, and archaeological excavation to shed light upon an understudied chapter of Florida’s history, specifically, African American heritage components at Gamble Plantation. My goal is to provide a better understanding of the daily lives of enslaved individuals who were held in bondage at Gamble Plantation (8MA100), located along the Manatee River in Ellenton, Fl. Through my work, I hope to engage descendant communities in future archaeological research and promote a more balanced and inclusive historical narrative for Gamble Plantation State Park.

A Quiet Valley At Roztoky: Testimony Of Singularity In The Landscape Imagery Of Zdenka Braunerová, Zdislava Ungrova

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although Czech artist Zdenka Braunerova (1858-1934) has been recognized by scholars for her contributions to the Czech cultural scene, thorough visual analyses of her artworks are rare. By investigating a single landscape painting, A Quiet Valley at Roztoky, and placing it into the visual and contextual frame of its creation, this thesis thus approaches Braunerova’s artistic oeuvre in an uncommon way. I argue that if understood within its social, cultural and historical context, the painting transcends the purely optic qualities of a landscape genre and acquires instead the self-referencing character of a self-representation.

By subjecting the chosen painting to a …

Adaptations Of Ovid’S Metamorphoses In Late Medieval France: Material And Moral Recontextualization In The Tapestry Of Narcissus At The Fountain, Morgan J. Macey

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As a result of Ovid’s prominence in Northern Europe from the twelfth through the sixteenth centuries, French adaptations of and commentaries on the Metamorphoses from the late medieval period abound. Here, I address the physical and moral transformation of the Narcissus myth in the tapestry of Narcissus at the Fountain. Specifically, I explore how the tapestry’s presentation of the youth transforms Ovid’s verse in a tantalizing yet moralizing image. To aid in this endeavour, I survey the intermediate sources which inspired said transformation. I argue the lavish clothing, lush garden, ornate fountain, and solemn reflection featured in the tapestry …