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The Bridge

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American Ships And Danish Immigrants In 1869, Harry R. Skallerup

The Bridge

During the period between the end of the Civil War and the heightening of hostilities of the Franco-Prussian War in late 1870, American-built wooden paddle-wheel steamships played a competitive role in the expansion of transatlantic passenger traffic. The war, however, along with the ascendancy of propeller-driven ships with larger iron hulls and more efficient engines, led to their demise in this trade. But within the hiatus of the wars, 1869 stands out as the year in which the first direct, scheduled steamer departures from Copenhagen to New York were made. This service was provided by passenger steamers of U.S. registry …

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The Bridge

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For The Want Of Ten Dollars: The Development Of The Terra Cotta Industry In New Jersey, Thorvald Hansen

The Bridge

When the Mathiasens, Karl and his father, left Thisted, on Denmark's northeast Jutland peninsula, for America in 1872, the intention of the elder Mathiasen was to go to Michigan where he had a sister living. When they arrived in New York the father totaled up the funds he had and discovered that the trip thus far had cost more than he expected. He lacked ten dollars of having enough to travel farther west. On the advice of a kindly Dane they walked the few miles to Perth Amboy, New Jersey where they were told they could probably find work. It …

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The Bridge

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Stjernen--A Danish Or An American Paper?, Karsten Kjer Christensen

The Bridge

On October 8, 1936, The Dannebrog News printed a special issue celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of Dannebrog's incorporation as a town. The first Danish immigrants arrived in Howard County in 1871 and founded the settlement of Dannebrog the following year. But it would be another fourteen years before Dannebrog received official status and could establish its first town council. First appearing in 1898, the English-language The Dannebrog News became the longest persevering publication in the Dannebrog area. It was not the town's first, however, as two other newspapers preceded it. In the spring of 1874, an attorney by the name …

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The Bridge

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Front Matter

The Bridge

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Editorial Statement

The Bridge

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Contents

The Bridge

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My Re-Americanization, Willard R. Garred

The Bridge

They met in Tivoli, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ray Garred was a United States Navy sailor with a squadron of battleships sent by President William Howard Taft on a goodwill tour of England, the Scandinavian capitals, and Kronstadt, St. Petersburg's port city and Russian naval base. She was a Danish girl, Olavia Frederiksen, who had spent four years in the United States as a domestic servant and had learned English in an evening school for immigrants. The year was 1911, summer time. Tivoli, as many tourists know, is a natural place for visitors to Copenhagen to congregate, and it was where a …

Teenage Immigrant, Anne Ipsen

The Bridge

The poem by Emma Lazarus on the Statue of Liberty defines the classical model of immigrants fleeing from poverty, oppression, or persecution. They are refugees, forced by intolerable circumstances to move from their homeland. Less stereotypic is the highly skilled or educated individual who makes a positive choice towards better opportunity. These immigrants tend to come as individuals or as a nuclear family and are less likely to live in or identify with an ethnic group. They assimilate more readily, especially if they have some English before arrival, while keeping closer ties with relatives and making more frequent trips to …

Reviews

The Bridge

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To Denmark And Back An Excerpt From The Unpublished Memoirs Of John M. Jensen, Frederik V. Jensen, Peter L. Petersen

The Bridge

The "most influential individual in the United Evangelical Lutheran Church's final twenty-five years" is how synod President William Larsen once described John M. Jensen1, longtime editor of The Ansgar Lutheran, the church's English language periodical. Jensen served the UELC as pastor, translator, historian, and representative, but it was through the pages of The Ansgar Lutheran that he had his greatest impact. Week after week for nearly twenty-five years, he wrote about spiritual matters, church policies and politics, questions of social justice, and events throughout the world, all the while serving full time as a church pastor. During World War II …

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The Bridge

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The Bridge

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Front Cover

The Bridge

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Why Did They Emigrate? An Examination Of Five Danish Farming Periodicals During The Period From 1860 To 1900 To Determine What Motivated Farm Laborers To Emigrate., Jette Mackintosh

The Bridge

One question in emigration research has always intrigued me: Why did Peter Jensen find conditions in Denmark so unbearable that he could stand them no longer or why was he so tempted by the prospects on the other side of the Atlantic that he emigrated, while his neighbor, Jens Petersen, who apparently had exactly the same conditions, stayed at home and put up with things? Unfortunately it can probably never be answered satisfactorily. It may be possible to find reasons for some of the emigrations in letters and diaries, but we have no basis for comparison in the form of …

Toward A Framework Of Audience Studies In Comparative Cultural Studies, Steven Tötösy De Zepetnek

CLCWeb Library

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The Christmas Tree And The Two Churches, Johannes V. Knudsen

The Bridge

Part of the Danish American heritage is the fact that there were, unfortunately, some believe, two separate Danish American Lutheran Church groups. Because of theological differences (and perhaps personality conflicts, as well) between these two groups, they remained separate entities from their complex beginnings in the latter half of the nineteenth century until mergers took place with a number of other ethnic Lutheran church groups in the early 1960s, culminating in the formation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988. The histories of and differences between the two synods, the American Evangelical Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical …

Context And Demonizing The I.R.A., Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article questions a consensus that the I.R.A. is largely responsible for the recent suspension of Northern Ireland’s home-rule government by the United Kingdom.

Front Matter

Swiss American Historical Society Review

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Preface

Swiss American Historical Society Review

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The Battles Over Swiss Liberty, Marc H. Lerner

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Between the French Revolution and the Revolutions of 1848, the European conception of freedom and liberty changed dramatically. Likewise with Switzerland, between the Helvetic Republic and the Sonderbund war of 1847, the conceptions of true Swiss liberty underwent radical alteration. In Zurich, Schwyz and Vaud a growing individualistic sense of liberty challenged a collective sense of freedom. To some extent an emphasis on guaranteed individual rights replaced the emphasis on local autonomy and self-rule. The changing understandings of Freiheit or liberte in Zurich, Schwyz and Vaud reflect the changes that occurred throughout Switzerland as well as Europe. The battle over …

End Matter

Swiss American Historical Society Review

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Swiss American Historical Society Review

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Review Essay: What Did You Do In The "Good War"?, Robert Messer

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Klaus Umer, "Let's Swallow Switzerland": Hitler's Plans Against the Swiss Confederation (Lexington Books, Lanham, Maryland, 2001)

Stephen Tanner, Refuge from the Reich: American Airmen and Switzerland During World War II (Sarpedon Publishers, Rockville Center, New York, 2000)

Angelo M. Codevilla, Between the Alps and a Hard Place: Switzerland in World War II and Moral Blackmail Today (Regnery Publishing, Washington, D.C., 2000)

If, as in Tom Wolfe's phrase, the 1970s were the decade of the "me generation", perhaps the 1990s could be termed the "mea culpa" decade. The United States government belatedly and properly apologized and paid reparations to thousands of …

Special Feature: The Swiss In Eighteenth-Century South Carolina: Response To Kristina Marcy's "Review Essay", Carol Williams

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Like most white South Carolinians of my generation, I have various strands of European ancestry: Scots-Irish, English, German, Swiss, and since my name is "Williams," probably Welsh by way of England, then Ulster. However, it was the Swiss strand that I was most conscious of when growing up because I knew a little more about it. A grandmother often talked to us children about "our people," about "dear old Grandfather," whose own grandfather had come from Switzerland in the mid-eighteenth century: George Sightler (Seitler, Siteler, Sitler); and we had a written history of his family in South Carolina.

Special Feature: The Swiss In Eighteenth-Century South Carolina: Novelist Tracks Early Settlers, Sue Duffy, Perry Baker

Swiss American Historical Society Review

While writing three novels from her comfortable brick home in Lexington, Carol Williams lived many lives in the 18th-century backcountry of South Carolina. Writers do that sort of thing. To tell the story of Swiss immigrants in the lands along the Saluda and Congaree rivers, the author became the hunter, the farmer and the soldier desperate to survive in a severe and glorious wilderness.

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Swiss American Historical Society Review

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