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Full-Text Articles in Chinese Studies
The Conflicts Between Elegance And Vulgarity: Leng Qian Prosody And The Changes Of Rites And Music In The Ming Dynasty, Shunhua Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Like the exterior and interior relations, the retro thoughts trend in literature shared a mutual interdependence with the retro trend on music in Confucian classicism. Song Lian initiated the literature of Ming while Leng Qian pioneered the musicology correspondingly. Song Lian and his followers' esteem for Leng Qian directly represented the retro thoughts of contemporary scholarofficials and their musicology ideas to reform the world with ancient music. In terms of literature, they canonized the harmony of music and poetry exemplified in The Book of Songs and Song Lian further denied the validity of poetry afterwards. Eventually the Hongwu ruling period …
The Disintegration And Reconstruction Of The "Value" In The Study Of The Book Of Songs In The Twentieth Century, Changhua Wang, Pengge Zhao
The Disintegration And Reconstruction Of The "Value" In The Study Of The Book Of Songs In The Twentieth Century, Changhua Wang, Pengge Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Before the Revolution of 1911, the study of The Book of Songs always appeared in classicism, which means that before the end of the Qing dynasty, scholars paid attention to the issue of value in it. When Zhang Taiyan took The Book of Songs as history, he initiated a shift from classicism to history, marking the beginning of deconstructing the value of The Book of Songs. Since then, a new generation of scholars such as Hu Shi regarded The Book of Songs as a historical material, and its value as a Confucian classic was further deconstructed. The literary interpretation of …
Xing In Mei Shi: A Theory On Genetic Poetics, Xiaoming Liu, Xiangrong Sun
Xing In Mei Shi: A Theory On Genetic Poetics, Xiaoming Liu, Xiangrong Sun
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Different from general arguments mainly concerning the expression of Poetics in Shi Jing. This article is mainly concerned with "Xing Yi" (Affective Image's inner motif) of the authors' internality, which is also in the scope of mei shi. It is not only dynamic but also uncertain. It has not been conceptualized yet and is in an unattended state. Therefore, in this way it generates infinite possibilities, which thence constitute the constitution and genesis of poetics. This paper expounds four connotations on "Xing" in mei shi, and the generative mechanism of genetic poetics. "Xing Yi" encounters emotional experience in unattended mei …
Chuxiang, Annotations And Performances Of Moon Prayer Pavilion: A Case Study Of Li Zhuowu's Annotated Edition And Ling Yanxi's Engraved Edition, Shumei Ding, Ranran Zhang
Chuxiang, Annotations And Performances Of Moon Prayer Pavilion: A Case Study Of Li Zhuowu's Annotated Edition And Ling Yanxi's Engraved Edition, Shumei Ding, Ranran Zhang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Based on Li Zhuowu's annotated edition and Ling Yanxi's engraved edition of Moon Prayer Pavilion, the article analyzes intertextuality and connection between its illustrations and dramatic narrative. Specifically, it makes an analysis from the following aspects: chuxiang (illustrations on the upper part of a page with texts below), illustration order and inscriptions on the illustrations, textual meaning expression and performance of story scenes, figure gestures and scenic tension, etc. Considering all the aspects, the article tries to illuminate how the book reconstructs artistic conception by inserting annotations instead of only displaying the plot through pictures; how it shapes the characters …
Records Of What He Saw And Heard Of: The Principle And Methods In The Composition Of Classical Chinese Xiaoshuo, Ning Luo
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Xiaoshuo (lit. petty discourse) in classical Chinese, the predominant genre of xiaoshuo in ancient China, is different from vernacular xiaoshuo and western novel. Its major principle and methods are accounts of what one saw or heard of rather than mere conception or fiction. This feature finds clear expression in elaborations on ancient works about bibliography, in the naming of xiaoshuo, in the preface or postscript of xiaoshuo, and in scholarly discussions of ancient China. In modern times, due to the influence of the Western conception of the novel, modern elements and strandards of writing such as fictionality, narrative and character …
The Proposition Of Li Yu's Reincarnation And The Development Of Ci-Poetry In Early Qing, Changqiang Chen
The Proposition Of Li Yu's Reincarnation And The Development Of Ci-Poetry In Early Qing, Changqiang Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The proposition "Li Yu's Reincarnation" was put forward initially based on the analogy of reincarnation, and later acquired a clear reference. In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the discussion of this proposition focused on Chen Zilong and Nalan Xingde. On the one hand, Chen and Nalan are similar to Li Yu in themes of romance, patriotism and style of Ci-poetry; on the other hand, there are differences in the theory of Ci-poetry. It not only reflects the canonization and acceptance of model-poets such as Li Yu, but also reflects the evolution and the orthodox order of Ling-Ci …
Three Academic Trends Of Versification Theories Of Regulated Verse In The Early And Middle Qing Dynasty, Yang Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
It is generally accepted that the current versification standard of regulated verse established in the Tang dynasty remains unchanged over one thousand years. However, until the early and middle Qing dynasty, there were actually at least three different academic trends of versification theories of regulated verse. This article concentrates on three representative publications, Four Studies of Regulated Verse by Li Zongwen, The Definite Form of Regulated Verse by Wang Shizhen, and The Sound Manual of Poetry by Yun Zonghe, in order to demonstrate the diversity of the versification theories in the early and middle Qing dynasty. The versification standard of …
Zhidun's Five-Character Poems And Their Significance In The History Of Poetry, Yanfeng Cai
Zhidun's Five-Character Poems And Their Significance In The History Of Poetry, Yanfeng Cai
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Zhidun is an eminent monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He made great achievements in Buddhism. His poetry was very influential in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zhidun inherited the tradition of Wei and Jin Poetry, and paid attention to poetic language. Influenced by the popular metaphysical poems in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhidun's poetry had a significant impact on literati poetry. Judging from the number of poems and the level of art, that Zhi Dun's was a very important poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, because Zhidun was a monk, his poetry and its significance have not been fully …
Aristocratic Portrait Of Cifu: A Study Of The Fuxue At The Xiao Family Of Lanling In The Southern Dynasties, Xiang Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As an imperial family in the Southern Dynasties (420-589) , the Xiao family of Lanlin played the roles of royal members and literati, the interaction between which profoundly influenced the criticism and creative activities of Cifu. Wen Xuan supervised by Xiao Tong distinguished Sao and Fu and prioritized Fu. Taking Jinfu as the object of investigation, it constructed the concept of the dynamic history of Fu that attached importance to both great Fu and little Fu. In terms of content, the Xiao family often created lyrical little Fu with aristocratic interests and recreational tendencies, in accordance with the principle of …
A Study Of The Combination Of Elegance And Popularity In The Chuanqi Plays' Lyrics During The Reign Of Emperor Wanli, Yihui Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In drama theories, criticisms and creative practices during the reign of Emperor Wanli in the Ming dynasty, the combination of elegance and popularity in chuanqi plays' lyrics was prominent, which demonstrated the interactive characteristics of aesthetic theories and literary writings. In terms of theories, Tu Long made a first attempt, which was fulfilled by Wang Jide and inherited by Wang Tingne, Zang Maoxun, etc. In terms of creative practices, Mei Dingzuo's The Story of the Jade Box initiated this thought, and then Tang Xianzu's Peony Pavilion pushed it to its peak, followed by the other two plays The Story of …
An Interpretation Of “Xingwei”, Chao Sun
An Interpretation Of “Xingwei”, Chao Sun
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Xingwei" is a poetic category based on the theory of "Xing" and "Wei" in Chinese poetics. Connecting "Xing" and "taste" theories, Zhong Rong put forward the theory of "Flavour", which refers to the beauty of implication in the content and situation of the poems. This became the basic meaning of "Xingwei" later. An overview ancients cases indicate that "Xingwei" mainly refers to an aesthetic feeling or experience implied in the poetry and can rouse the reader' extremely interest and enable the reader to have an endless aftertaste. It points to both aesthetic acceptance and the generation of creation, has two …
Types Of Subjects And Value Of Guyi Poetry In The Southern Dynasties, Xiaohua Zhao
Types Of Subjects And Value Of Guyi Poetry In The Southern Dynasties, Xiaohua Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Guyi Poetry in the Southern dynasties focused on the subjects of lovesick women, enlistment and expression of ideals, all of which were typical in Han-Wei poetry. This was why poets named them guyi. The choice of subject matters in such poetry reflected the change of the archaistic tradition. Meanwhile, the change of titles in poetry anthologies pointed out poets' motivation to express contemporary emotions with ancient subjects, which was different from palace poetry that emphasized sensuality. Moreover, although some guyi poems adopted traditional skills of expression, they were simultaneously influenced by contemporary poetry. Guyi poetry's types of subjects and skills …
The Reciprocal Interpretation Of The Life Theme In Tao Yuanming's "Flesh, Shadow, Spirit" And The History Of Poetics, Yuewu Ye
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The connotation of Tao Yuanming's poem "Flesh, Shadow, Spirit" lies not only in the life outlook represented respectively by flesh, shadow and spirit, but in the emotion types this poem implies, among which a value sequence can also be found. The poem "Flesh, Shadow, Spirit" is valuable for the reflection of the history of Chinese poetry and poetics, because of the poem's typicality and compatibility regarding the theme of life in Chinese philosophy, far-reaching impact of Tao Yuanming and his poetry in Chinese spiritual history, and the tradition of valorizing emotion in Chinese poetics. This poem echoes various themes related …
A Research On One Hundred Years Of Cross-Cultural Interpretation To A Dream Of Red Mansions, Xiaohong Yu
A Research On One Hundred Years Of Cross-Cultural Interpretation To A Dream Of Red Mansions, Xiaohong Yu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In a century of redology, the studies of A Dream of Red Mansions of Cross-cultural Interpretation mainly focus on four dimensions: elucidation, parallel study, translation, and spreading abroad. The adaptation and performance abroad of A Dream of Red Mansions are literary interpretations and artistic variations of the theme of the novel in a foreign cultural context. The crosscultural interpretation and research on the novel among various kinds of cultural contexts is a crucial part of comparative literature.
A Study On The Realm And Spirit Of Drunkenness In Ancient Chinese Aesthetics, Yulong Tan
A Study On The Realm And Spirit Of Drunkenness In Ancient Chinese Aesthetics, Yulong Tan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The idea of drunkenness originated in the pre-Qin period and developed in the Qin and Han dynasties. After that, drunkenness was gradually transformed into an aesthetic standard of Gongfu and noumenon. Meanwhile, it consisted of life aesthetics and art aesthetics. The drunkenness of life aesthetics not only helped individuals surpass fame and fortune, but brought them into a realm of absolute equality to communicate with the ontological realm. The art aesthetics aspect of drunkenness made one disinterested so as to create art naturally. Besides, it let individuals break the bondage of skills and brought them to the realm of unity …
The Commercial Press And The Modern Novels In The Literary Field Change: A Study Of The Ten-Volume "Novel Series", Juan Wen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The "Novel Series" was one of the well-known brands of the Commercial Press. It was published between 1903-1908 and consisted of a hundred novels. It had three characteristics: diversified origins of the novels that were collected from Japan, Europe and America, a wide variety of types, and the inclusion of both classical Chinese and vernacular works. The Commercial Press was a major and influential market-oriented private press. Its selection of the titles in the Series was defined by the times, and subject to the cultural thought of the society and the needs of the post Novel Revolution readers, reflecting the …
The Discourse System Of The Qing Loyalists: A Case Study Of "Zhenyuan Courtiers", Jingru Pan
The Discourse System Of The Qing Loyalists: A Case Study Of "Zhenyuan Courtiers", Jingru Pan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Qing loyalists' self-writing was consigned in their poetry texts, in which we could reevaluate the adherent phenomenon through close reading. The Qing-loyalists had a discourse system, which reflected their position and even ideology. However, as individuals, their self-expression did not obey the rules of the discourse system, which means that we should reinvestigate the adherent phenomenon and their literary works. "Zhenyuan courtiers", which was often alluded by the Qing loyalists, is a good example for the reinvestigation. As a classical allusion, on the one hand, it implied loyalty. On the other hand, it expressed their reminiscent moods as well …
The Likening Of Pen Into Weaponry In Ancient Literary Criticism And The Metaphor System Of Literati's Writing And Craftsmen's Crafting, Minxue Huang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The analogy of pen with weapons is a phenomenon rich in hierarchy and systematicness in ancient literary criticism. It comes from the ancients' pursuit of words' real power, the habits of mind of metaphor with objects, the influence of war craft on art theory and the literati's hope of being well-versed in both polite letters and martial arts. It has kinds of existence forms and concludes words, literary form, atmosphere and ornate wording and so on. Besides, the analysis of the analogy of pen with weapons' production will guide us to a deeper system of literary criticism, which is the …
Refiguring "Philosophical Words": The Genesis Context And Classification Of Wang Chuanshan's Theory "Integrating Philosophy Into Emotions", Ningning Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Philosophical words" in poetry has always been an important issue in classical Chinese poetics. In its complicated development process, the poetic discourse of Wang Chuanshan played the role of clarification and remodeling. From the point of view of the source, some theories of poetry, such as "the law of things" in the Song dynasty, Yan Yu's ideas of "language, thought and image", "opposing reason in favor of emotion" put forth since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Hao Jing's idea of "the reason of poetry", Chen Baisha's idea of "using emotions to govern reason", became the context for the genesis of …
Fang Dongshu's Comments On The Jiangxi Poetics, Sheng Wu
Fang Dongshu's Comments On The Jiangxi Poetics, Sheng Wu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Fang Dongshu was an important writer of the later Tongcheng Literary School. He discussed poetics from the perspective of article writing style and therefore reframed the historical connection between the Jiangxi Poetics and Du Fu's Han Yu's "prose style in poetry". Fang Dongshu argued that although Huang Tingjian had learnt the creation of artistic conception from Du Fu and the expression of style from Han Yu, he didn't achieve the natural realm and smooth aesthetic found in them.Fang had a comprehensive and detailed analysis about the Jiangxi Poetics, summarized its value, ways of composition, experience, etc. These are the historical …
A Fusion Of Yangmingism, Politics And Literature: The Constructional Dimensions Of Li Fu's Literary Ideas, Wei Chang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Li Fu's ( 1675-1750) literary ideas are a fusion of Yangmingism, politics and literature, due to his profound research on Yangmingism, his political expectation for being a man like Yi Yin, his appreciation for Ouyang Xiu, Zeng Gong, Wang Anshi, a group of people born in Jiangxi who put great importance on literature, his rich literary experience and profound insights in his articles. Based on Yangmingism, he cleared the barriers to be a saint and got the ideas which could turn thoughts into action. He then bridged the traditional gap between "Confucian orthodoxy" and "dominion", constructed the discourse system about …
The Transition From Ritual To Text: The Value Of Poetics Of Verse Composison In The Spring And Autumn Period, Yanqing Liu, Xinke Zhang
The Transition From Ritual To Text: The Value Of Poetics Of Verse Composison In The Spring And Autumn Period, Yanqing Liu, Xinke Zhang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, poetry, music and dance were combined to become an important part of rituals. The spreading of poetry in this period is consistent with rituals. The rituality of poetry gradually faded and its textual value grew as poetry in the Western Zhou ceremony became verse in the Spring and Autumn period. The spreading of poetry shifted from rituality to textuality. In Spring and Autumn poetry, the consistency between poetry and ceremony began to disintegrate, but the consistency between poetry and text had not yet emerged. This situation led to multiple interpretations to the meaning of the …
On The Misunderstanding And Reception Of "To Be A Poet In The Spare Time", Xiang Xiong
On The Misunderstanding And Reception Of "To Be A Poet In The Spare Time", Xiang Xiong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"To Be a Poet in The Spare Time" was a verse from Han Yu (768-824), and he praised Xi Ba with this verse. From North Song Dynasty, some people made it as an independent topic to express their own opinions. And some people even add their own understandings to Han Yu, which lead to the confusion about quoting and annotating. They had two explanations about the verse, poem was less important than essay, or poem was less important than government affairs and moral integrity. The former reflected the poetics of Ou Yangxiu (1007-1072) and others, and the latter continued traditional …
Zeng Guofan's Theoretical Ideas On Poetry And Prose And Their Modern Significance, Pengjun Zuo
Zeng Guofan's Theoretical Ideas On Poetry And Prose And Their Modern Significance, Pengjun Zuo
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Zeng Guofan's theories on poetry and prose, born against a background of cultural shock and political turbulence, comprise rich content, including an accent on the interrelation between literature and change of times, an encouragement of practical studies, a stylistic view of the inheritance and combination of both masculinity theory and femininity theory on ancient style prose, an attention to functions and styles of ancient style prose with an opinion of combining parallel and non-parallel proses, an attention to formations and functions of official prose and other forms of practical writing with a pursuit of honest expression and stylistic innovation based …
Yi Shunding's Theory About Ci Poetry And His Ci Writing: Also On His Connection With The Community OfCiPoetry In The Late Qing Dynasty, Songqing Chen
Yi Shunding's Theory About Ci Poetry And His Ci Writing: Also On His Connection With The Community OfCiPoetry In The Late Qing Dynasty, Songqing Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Yi Shunding, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic period, was keen on writing ci poetry in the early years to an extent that he could not live without ci poetry creation. Based on the be-true-to-yourself style, Yi's theory catered to spirituality, taste and tranquility with emphasis on meaning, wording, polishing, titling and so on. In addition, his theory was different from the mainstream one that ci was a spirit carrier and the concept that ci was unimportant in among all forms of literatures. Yi absorbs the essence of ci poets to express feelings and …
A Veritable Memoir Of The Leavisian Scrutiny Group, Ruiqing Zhang
A Veritable Memoir Of The Leavisian Scrutiny Group, Ruiqing Zhang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This paper focuses on the literary and cultural criticism of F.R. Leavis and the Scrutiny group he represents. Scrutiny (1932-1953) was an academic journal started and run by the Leavises in the 20th century, which not only profoundly influenced the 20th-century cultural life of Britain, but also drew attention of the Chinese literary community, especially in the first decade of the 21st century. But it is obvious that most scholars tend to generalize the academic contributions of Leavis and Scrutiny Group as "Leavisian theory", "Leavisian group", "Leavisianism", or simply "Leavis", by taking him as "a lone hero", disregarding the important …
The Confucian Character Of Late Tang And Five Dynasties Poetry, Its Role In The Bixing Tradition, And Its Construction Of Lüshi, Yao Zhong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The appearance of the numerous poetry formats in the late Tang and Five Dynasties is the result of Confucian consciousness and the popularity of poetry as well. Poetry, interwoven with imperial examination-oriented education, becomes an important way to realize the Confucian scholars' self-cultivation. Therefore, the form of "industrious and bitter versification" reflects those Confucians' inner world. Meanwhile, the metaphorical satire embedded in Mao Shi Zheng Yi is developed into such new concepts as bixing or "image analogy and evocation", and "inner and outer meaning", which influences the valuation of "conception" and the metaphorical and imagistic thinking of late Tang poetry, …
The Bi Xing Poetics In The Late Ming And Early Qing Dynasties: The Cases Of Zhu Heling, Feng Ban, He Shang, And Wu Qiao, Zhuoying Huang
The Bi Xing Poetics In The Late Ming And Early Qing Dynasties: The Cases Of Zhu Heling, Feng Ban, He Shang, And Wu Qiao, Zhuoying Huang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the late Ming and early Qing's poetry circle, a new poetics system, Bi Xing poetics, came into being with representatives of Zhu Heling, Feng Ban, He Shang, and Wu Qiao, who were discontented with the popular poetics of the time, for example, Seven-Scholar School's ancient poetics and the Jing-Ling School's natural disposition and soul theory. The Bi Xing poetics had four characteristics: multiplicity of structure, introverted aesthetic affection, the orthodox style, and strained interpretation of history. It became very popular after the advocates' detailed explanation and arguments. Significantly, this new poetics directly led to some remarkable phenomena, such as …
The Tendency Of Restoring Ancient Ideas In Tang Xianzu's Literary Theory Of Love: A Case Study Of The Peony Pavilion, Zhimei Sheng
The Tendency Of Restoring Ancient Ideas In Tang Xianzu's Literary Theory Of Love: A Case Study Of The Peony Pavilion, Zhimei Sheng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
For a long time, in the study of Tang Xianzu, most scholars believe that "countering Confucian ethical codes with emotion" is core to his idea of love, and Du Liniang is his spokesperson. In The Peony Pavilion, before her death, Du Liniang's image is an awakening young person, which is from the original material that Tang Xianzu adapts. From her death to resurrection, she gradually steps towards tradition and returns to the ethical codes. Du Liniang's journey from a human being to a ghost and from a ghost to a human being starts from love and ends in ethical codes, …
The Evolution Of The "Poetry As An Expression Of Aspirations" Theory And Its Multi-Layered Significance, Zhixi Qian
The Evolution Of The "Poetry As An Expression Of Aspirations" Theory And Its Multi-Layered Significance, Zhixi Qian
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The statement that poetry is the expression of aspirations is the first ontological definition of poetry in China, and therefore its significance should be understood in its ontological perspective. The paper explores the historical context for the generation of the statement in three respects, namely, the maturing of the artistic trinity of poetry, music and dance, the establishment of the ancient politics-education system, and the establishment of the system of ethics. As a classical theory, this statement is inherited by the gentry scholars' poem writing during the Spring and Autumn period, and promoted by the hundred schools of scholars. "Aspiration" …