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Full-Text Articles in Chinese Studies
Connotations And Characteristics Of The Public And The Private In Classical Chinese Poetics: A Case Study Of Zhang Xuecheng's Idea "Publicness Of Language", Qingyu Yan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Issues of the public and the private have been discussed thoroughly in the history of thought, while it is yet to be developed in the field of literary history. Zhang Xuecheng's idea of "publicness of language" can be regarded as an inspiring beginning. From Zhang Xuecheng's perspective, the issues of the public and the private of classical Chinese poetics can be discussed from three dimensions, namely, ownership, originality, and authorship. The tendency of privatization and the balance between the public and the private in classical Chinese poetics is clear in the discussions on the formation of and response to ownership, …
The Receptive Dimension Of "The Music Of Today Derives From The Music Of Antiquity", Miaodan Chen
The Receptive Dimension Of "The Music Of Today Derives From The Music Of Antiquity", Miaodan Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The discussion between Mencius and the King Xuan of Qi on music was aimed at political benevolence, and "the music of today derives from the music of antiquity" was not Mencius's deliberate theorization. As this concept has no further elaboration in its original context, it has caused intellectual controversies for later generations. Basically, scholars of the Song dynasty denied the notion from historical and Neo-Confucian perspectives, while those of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties accepted it by justifying the value of "the music of today." Among the supporters, there were two different voices, that is, to consider "the music …
An Analysis Of The Phenomenon Of Titling Fu With Poetry In The Tang Dynasty, Haoyu Tang
An Analysis Of The Phenomenon Of Titling Fu With Poetry In The Tang Dynasty, Haoyu Tang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Poetry and fu (prosy ode) both flourished during the Tang dynasty, and thus with the mutual infiltration and development of poetry and fu, there was a phenomenon of using poetical lines in the title of fu, which influenced its content and purport. This phenomenon also reflected similarities and differences of poetry and fu in expressions and characteristics, and clearly revealed the trend of confluence of poetry and fu in the development of literary styles during the Tang dynasty. This article lists all the works in The Complete Fu of the Tang Dynasty that used poetry in titles and analyzes their …
The Diversification Of Poetic Preferences In The Light Of The Ranking Of Su Shi And Huang Tingjian In The Late Northern And Early Southern Song Period, Guochao Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As two prominent representative poets in the Northern Song dynasty, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian set the key of poetry of the Song dynasty. The ranking of Su and Huang against each other has always been contested in poetry criticism of the Song dynasty. The first wave of the contention culminated during the two Song Dynasties, when there appeared tour types of critics, namely, "Huang-esteemers," "Esteemers for both Su and Huang," "Su-esteemers" and "Censurer of both Su and Huang". The appreciation of Su and Huang's poems and the transformation of critical practices during this period reflected the diversification of poetic …
Li Bai's Innovations For Linked Seven-Character Quatrains As Exemplified By "Songs Of The Emperor's Excursion To The West" And "Songs Of Of Prince Yong's Excursion To The East", Xiaojuan Xin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Li Bai's "Songs of the Emperor's Excursion to the West" and "Songs of Prince Yong's Excursion to the East" present a chronological and structurally complete narrative, and initiate the mode of writing chronicle with linked seven-character quatrains in the Song dynasty (960-1729). These examples, with their rhetoric of allegory and multum in parvo, inherits the spirit of the yuefu poetry and insert their influence on the practice of Palace poetry by such mid-Tang poets as Wang Jian. These two series of poems, as Li Bai's creation of yuefu with new themes, not only exhibit Li Bai's efforts to create a …
Natural-Object Metaphor And Chinese Literary Criticism, Xiaoling Feng
Natural-Object Metaphor And Chinese Literary Criticism, Xiaoling Feng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Natural-object metaphor is included in the metaphor system of Chinese literary criticism, with its historical progress of development and evolvement. Natural-object metaphor has its intrinsic theoretical basis and is connected with the genetic theories of Chinese literature, Chinese aesthetic tradition, and the epistemology and life view of Chinese philosophy. The natural-object metaphor has significance in many aspects of literary criticism. It connects the cultural world and the cosmological world, enriches literary expression and aesthetics, and links literary criticism and art criticism, which reflects the life consciousness and the lyric spirit in Chinese literary criticism and traditional aesthetics.
Reinterpreting The Concept Of Human In The Pre-Qin Classics Of Literary Theory, Jianzhong Li
Reinterpreting The Concept Of Human In The Pre-Qin Classics Of Literary Theory, Jianzhong Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the pre-Qin classics of literary theory, "human" is one of the most important and fundamental concepts. First, the significance of human in the pre-Qin era is diverse. While Confucianism interconnects "human" and "benevolence" and emphasizes the kindhearted dimension of humanity, Taoism, under the slogan that "Man conforms to nature," stresses the unfettered nature of humankind. As an alternative voice, Mohism devalues music and underlines the principle of abstinence. Secondly, the pre-Qin philosophers consider language to be the specialty that distinguishes human beings from other animals. Specifically, Confucians advocate "to achieve glory by writing," "to pass down the classics," and …
Collected Essays Of The Qing Dynasty And The Concept Of Literary History In The Early Twentieth Century, Hengchang Chang
Collected Essays Of The Qing Dynasty And The Concept Of Literary History In The Early Twentieth Century, Hengchang Chang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Dedicated to "preserving the essence of Chinese culture," Collected Essays of the Qing Dynasty was collaborated by many scholars, among whom Huang Ren possibly undertook the bulk of compilation. Known for its extensiveness, this anthology also features an author-centered editorial style inherited from Collected Poetry of the Ming Dynasty and possesses its unique characteristics. First, it incorporates the most recent articles to refresh the collection. Secondly, it achieves a balance between political practicality and aesthetic quality. Lastly, it encompasses copious articles on frontier geo-history and native-soil literature, which manifests the editors' conscious awareness of academic history. In general, the compilation …
The Genesis Of Wang Guowei's Theory Of "Jingjie", Zhi Geng, Pengcheng Kou
The Genesis Of Wang Guowei's Theory Of "Jingjie", Zhi Geng, Pengcheng Kou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
There are three main methods in studying Wang Guowei's theory of "jingjie" (artistic conception) — a study based on Western knowledge, a historical study within the Chinese academic tradition, and a comparative study between the West and China. However, all these three methodologies treat jingjie as a static concept with presupposed connotation, which derives from a disjunction between their interpretative approach and the construction of Wang Guowei's jingjie. The idea of jingjie is an organic and dynamic theoretical system that takes both Western philosophy and Chinese literary theory as its premise, complicated by Wang's own creative and reading experiences, and …
Keywords In The Studies Of Regional Literature: A Case Study Of Jiangnan In The Qing Dynasty, Shining Luo
Keywords In The Studies Of Regional Literature: A Case Study Of Jiangnan In The Qing Dynasty, Shining Luo
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The study of regional literature is attracting wide attention, which attests to its validity. Researches have flourished in this field in recent years, but problems have also arisen, such as similar or identical cognition, expression and conclusions between researches. The study of regional literature often has implicit value-orientation, which, to a large extent, tends to simplify the thinking process and undermine academic significance. In order to change the homogenizing tendency, researchers need to know commonalities, divergences, and particularities. Besides, as every event occurs in a specific geographical space, researchers should also value the possibilities of regional literature studies from the …
Kuang Zhouyi's Monthly Lessons For The Annotation Of Cheng Meng'an's Ci-Poems: A Summary Review, Yuping Peng
Kuang Zhouyi's Monthly Lessons For The Annotation Of Cheng Meng'an's Ci-Poems: A Summary Review, Yuping Peng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Learning how to compose ci-poems was an essential part of ci-poetry study. Therefore, revision and annotation played a very important part in ci-poetry learning, which was mainly conducted in two ways: the author's self-revision and discussion with teachers and friends. During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it was a fashion among young people to study ci-poems personally with a master, and thus the practice and theory of ci-poetry revision matured. A representative master in this period was Kuang Zhouyi. His monthly lessons for the revision of Cheng Meng'an's ci-poems in 1923-1924, which are still extant, …
Reconsidering Yan Shu's "Worldly-Wise And Self-Preserving" Personality, Mingzhen Shao
Reconsidering Yan Shu's "Worldly-Wise And Self-Preserving" Personality, Mingzhen Shao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Ouyang Xiu once evaluated his teacher, Yan Shu, with a verse, "Fifty years of affluence and leisure, always worldly-wise and self-preserving." However, the expression of "worldly-wise and self-preserving" has been misinterpreted as a criticism and further regarded as Ouyang Xiu's final evaluation of Yan Shu. In fact, neither "affluence and leisure" nor "worldly-wise and self-preserving" has derogatory meaning back then. On the philological level, "worldly-wise and self-preserving" (mingzhe baoshen) originates in The Book of Songs and is recognized by Zhu Xi as an accomplishment. In its original sense, people who are worldly-wise and self-preserving not only devote themselves to state …
The Trend Of Early Writing Training And The Establishment Of The Priority Of Talent In Literary Creativity During The Southern Dynasties, Licheng Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Trend of early writing training among aristocrats during the Southern Dynasties is derived from the concept of "selecting officials by reputation" since the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After the Jin Dynasty, the demonstration of literary skills had become one of the main methods of gaining reputation, and aristocrats thus had to get adequate training in writing skills since their childhood. Because of the fear of early death, aristocrats in the Southern Dynasties inclined to start their political career at very early age, so they could promptly rise to the positions high enough to enhance their family interests. To get …
On The Classification And Significance Of Poetry By Elegant Ladies In The Ming And Qing Dynasties, Qingxiu Song
On The Classification And Significance Of Poetry By Elegant Ladies In The Ming And Qing Dynasties, Qingxiu Song
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Poetry by elegant ladies can be divided into three basic literary types, namely, Poetry by poetesses, by talented women, and by bluestockings. Poetry by poetesses is the most noteworthy group in the history of women's literature and has important literary value; Poetry by talented women is widely circulated in society because of authors' outstanding talent or legendary romance. Poetry by bluestocking takes over the important task of traditional poetics, emphasizing that "poetry is for conveying the truth". Therefore, the social value of this type of poems are greater than its literary value. By interpreting these three basic types, this article …
State-Oriented Essays And "Author" Consciousness: Discourse Construction Of The Original Literary Criticism Of "A Discourse On Literature", Yuelin Zhang, Yang Yang
State-Oriented Essays And "Author" Consciousness: Discourse Construction Of The Original Literary Criticism Of "A Discourse On Literature", Yuelin Zhang, Yang Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Literary self-consciousness" and "literary unconsciousness" were not issues that Cao Pi had realized, yet when contemporary people offer their critique of Cao Pi's literary views from these perspectives, there emerge such problems as "fitting Chinese cases into Western discourse", "interpreting ancient literature with contemporary ideas" and "fragmentation". In terms of literary discourse construction in the time of Jian'an, Cao Pi's "A Discourse on Literature" was the discourse construction of original literary criticism from the perspective of "state-oriented essays" and the discussion axis of "author consciousness", which was a total literary project based on national consciousness. Its concepts of "literary spirit", …
Su Shi's Temple-Visiting Poems And The Progression Of His Chan Enlightenment: With An Additional Discussion Of Three Types Of Northern Song Literati's Temple-Visiting Poetry, Shunchen Li, Chang Gao
Su Shi's Temple-Visiting Poems And The Progression Of His Chan Enlightenment: With An Additional Discussion Of Three Types Of Northern Song Literati's Temple-Visiting Poetry, Shunchen Li, Chang Gao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Su Shi travelled extensively in China, with his particular interest in visiting temples. During his exiled and relegated periods, he composed a number of temple-visiting poems in places such as Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Huangzhou, and Lingnan. These poems manifest themselves in different literary tastes and aesthetic characteristics. They not only represent Su Shi's progress of Chan enlightenment but also embody the three paradigms of Northern Song literati's temple-visiting poetry, namely, realistic delineation of scenery, elaboration of truth and description of heart, and seeing the nature of mind.
Why To Be Popular, How To Be Classic: An Analysis Of The Evaluation Function Of Media For Modern Chinese Popular Literature From The Perspective Of Market Operation, Juan Shi
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Modern Chinese popular literature was influenced by the market, which thus differed from the New-vernacular literature in its standard of evaluation. By studying its production and consumption mechanism, it was evident that marketing operation connected all aspects for modern popular literature to become canonized. To study all issues of popular literature's evaluation from this perspective, we could return to the original historical context and systematically organize and understand all kinds of related issues (such as problems, ideas and incidents, etc.) of popular literature, which could be seen as a new methodology. A reflection of the role media played in the …
Meanings And Relationship Among "Dao-De-Sheng-Wen" In "Yuan Dao" Of Literary Mind And The Carving Of Dragons, Kai Li, Yong Miu
Meanings And Relationship Among "Dao-De-Sheng-Wen" In "Yuan Dao" Of Literary Mind And The Carving Of Dragons, Kai Li, Yong Miu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
By perusing the text of "Yuan Dao" (tracing the origin to the Dao) with relevant theories of Chinese and Western philosophy, this article reviews different interpretations of "Dao" and their insufficiencies. It reinterprets the meanings of "Dao" and analyzes difference and connection between "Dao" in "Yuan Dao" and that in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Another focus of this article is the reasons why Liu Xie esteems Confucius as a saint and Laozi a sage, and why he extols Confucian classics and Dao De Jing. Through the above analysis, the article expounds the meanings and relationship among "dao-de-sheng-wen" in "Yuan Dao".
The Literati Purport Of Jiazhuan And Theoretical Reflection On Its Ideas Of "Using Literature As Play", Xiaoju Huang, Weiguo Zhao
The Literati Purport Of Jiazhuan And Theoretical Reflection On Its Ideas Of "Using Literature As Play", Xiaoju Huang, Weiguo Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
A relatively independent type of ancient Chinese prose, jiazhuan was biographies written anthropomorphically for objects. Han Yu's Biography of Mao Ying written in the Tang dynasty marked the beginning of jiazhuan, followed by numerous parodies in the Song and Ming dynasties. Such prose, written by the literati at leisure for entertainment, embodied their refined aesthetic taste. This article argues that jiazhuan was an expression in the form of games, which displayed writers' talent. Thus perceived, just like "writing is for conveying truth", "using literature as play" became an important and necessary literary stance for the literati to divert themselves from …
The Tradition Of "Good Writing" And The Narrative Of Ming-Qing Marvel Tales, Cui He
The Tradition Of "Good Writing" And The Narrative Of Ming-Qing Marvel Tales, Cui He
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The pursuit of "good writing" is a long and profound tradition among Chinese literati, who demonstrate their talent, knowledge and accomplishment by writing various types of literary works. Among them, the unique Ming-Qing marvel tales as a kind of ancient Chinese drama mostly represent national characters. However, as the marvel tale is a narrative art, there must be certain tension between the "good writing" tradition and the drama narrative, which is reflected in both speeches and songs. Songs, often desktop-oriented, tend to be conventionalized and detached from or even in conflict with characters. Speeches are often used for characters' opening …
A Study Of Remarks On Prose In The Ming Dynasty And The Construction Of Prose Theory From The Viewpoint Of The Modern Times, Zongjie Gong
A Study Of Remarks On Prose In The Ming Dynasty And The Construction Of Prose Theory From The Viewpoint Of The Modern Times, Zongjie Gong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Remarks on prose provide significant resources for the prose theory of ancient China. In recent years, with the publication of Chinese scholar Wang Shuizhao's Remarks on Prose through the Ages and the progress in the construction of ancient prose theory, the collation and study of remarks on prose of each dynasty has attracted greater attention. As for the works of the Ming dynasty, the study of which is still in a primary stage presently, the re-evaluation of their historical status and theoretical contributions, along with literature survey, is the premise for its further development. Based on this, and from a …
A Review Of Yan'S, Bao's And The Xies' Poetry And Fang Hui's Poetics Of The Six Dynasties, Houjun Zhao
A Review Of Yan'S, Bao's And The Xies' Poetry And Fang Hui's Poetics Of The Six Dynasties, Houjun Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
A Review of Yan's, Bao's and the Xies' Poetry was written in Fang Hui's old age, which contains his views on the literature of the Six Dynasties. In his review, Fang Hui adopted the Jian'an Style and Jian'an Flavor as the criteria. Jian'an poetry excelled in the poetic style featuring the classic style of qiyun (aura) and wild abandon with strong and vigorous emotions, which were derived from the conviction that verses written in simple style are better than parallel sentences. Besides, writers preferred expressing emotions than depicting scenery. In these aspects, Yan's, Bao's and the Xies' poetry were not …
"Qin Virtue" And "Wenxin": Innovation Of Ji Kang's "Qin Fu" Based On Tradition And Its Impact, Zhanyun Song
"Qin Virtue" And "Wenxin": Innovation Of Ji Kang's "Qin Fu" Based On Tradition And Its Impact, Zhanyun Song
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Based on the classic vocabulary of music fu's creative mode in the Han dynasty, Ji Kang's "Qin Fu" integrated the parallel prose and the argumentation into the work of the fu. Ji Kang gave yaqin metaphysical description, thus bringing the qin culture a richer content. He proposed a qin ethics of "peace virtue", which was an innovation based on the music theory tradition of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Ji Kang's "Qin Fu" reversed the trend of sadness beauty in the Han dynasty, and reinstated the idea of harmony from traditional Confucian music theory; it dispensed with the Confucian qin …
A Query About The "Peasant Uprising" And "Driven To Join The Liangshan Rebels" Hypotheses: An Analysis Of The Identities And Occupations Of The Heroes And Their Uprising Causes In Water Margin, Zhaoming Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the thematic and narrative study of Water Margin, the "Peasant Uprising" and "Driven to Join the Liangshan Rebels" hypotheses, though frequently questioned, still hold unshakable position among works on Chinese Literary History, popular readings and even Chinese language textbooks for high school. In fact, statistics suggest that instead of all the 108 heroes in the story, only 11 were peasants from the angle of big agriculture, and only 9 were compelled to join the Liangshan Rebels. This thesis proposes three interpretations underlying such long-lasting misunderstanding: 1) "Peasant Uprising" and "Driven to Join the Liangshan Rebels" hypotheses greatly overlap with …
Exploring The Lives Of Song Dynasty Women Through Hong Mai's Yijianzhi, Egan Ronald
Exploring The Lives Of Song Dynasty Women Through Hong Mai's Yijianzhi, Egan Ronald
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Yijianzhi is a collection of anecdotes and tales compiled by the Song dynasty literatus Hong Mai. Most of the stories it contains were transmitted orally to Hong Mai by people he knew. Consequently, Hong Mai believed the stories to be reliable accounts of events that had actually happened. This article follows the methods of the British Sinologist Glen Dudbridge in viewing such stories as belonging to medieval China's "vernacular culture." Many of Yijianzhi's stories feature one or another type of women as their protagonist, and so the collection is a valuable source for the study of women of that period. …
From Poetry To Ci: The Misunderstanding Of Genre And Responses To "Jiangnan Spring" In The Ming And Qing Dynasties, Zhibo Tang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Ni Zan, a famous poet living in late Yuan dynasty, wrote two seven-character ancient verses of "Southern Song" and "Jiangnan Spring". Then the two poems were merged into "Jiangnan Spring" and given to his friends as a present. Shen Zhou and other literati in the Wuzhong area began to follow the pattern of "Jiangnan Spring" during the Hongzhi period of the Ming dynasty, treating them as two tunes. During the period of Jiajing, fifty people were involved in the responses and an anthology was complied. The earliest works of Ni Zan and the following responsive verses by Shen Zhou and …
The Combination Of Emotions And Things In Traditional Chinese Poetics, Guikui Li
The Combination Of Emotions And Things In Traditional Chinese Poetics, Guikui Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
From a series of theoretical summaries based on creative practice, such as "expressing sentiment in response to objects or things", "revealing emotions in narratives" and "integration of emotions and things", it is easy to find that traditional Chinese poetics contains a set of combination of "emotion" and "things". The idea of "emotions arising from felt things" is deeply rooted in traditional Chinese poetics. Accordingly, scholars gradually realized that there should be "things" first, then "emotions". In other words, emotions are caused by things, and narratives are the basic and necessary means of lyric expression. Based on this, Wei Tai in …
Criticism, Rebellion And Adaptation: Multi-Dimensional Construction Of Discourse Of Remarks And Interpretation On Amorous Poems, Xiao Xiong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The formation of the concept "amorous poem" related to the semantic meaning of the character "yan" (glamorous) , and both of them were constructed as typical negative images due to their implicit "dangerous factors" in the cultural context of the past. These critical discourses thus set the tone of remarks on amorous poems, and the connotation of amorous poems thence showed a clearly ideological implication. But two new types of discourse in the remarks on amorous poems emerged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. One emphasized the independent significance and value by the theory of "emotion-rootedness", and constituted a discourse …
The Nature Of The Incident Of The Tea Merchant Lai Wenzheng And Its Suppression By Xin Qiji, Zhaopeng Wang, Peng Xiao
The Nature Of The Incident Of The Tea Merchant Lai Wenzheng And Its Suppression By Xin Qiji, Zhaopeng Wang, Peng Xiao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the Southern Song dynasty, the system of "tea monopoly" made tea unprofitable, and then tea merchants took risks and caused frequent riots. These riots were not peasant uprisings, but illegal activities similar to gangsters' organized crimes. They not only fought against the government's crushing of tea smuggling, but also plundered houses and pillaged civilians. It is a misunderstanding that the academia usually refers to the armed gangs of the tea merchant Lai Wenzheng as the "tea merchant army". The "tea merchant army" was an official army that specialized in dealing with the rebellion of tea merchants. The armed gang …
The Reception Of Jiangxi Poetry School By Edo Poetry Circle: The Essence Of The Controversy Over The Tang And Song Poetry, Zhen He
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the past, scholars paid more attention to the comparison of poetic style and theory when dealing with the controversy of the Tang and Song poems in the poetry circle of the Edo period. However, by investigating the popular poetry notes of Edo in Japan, the publication of Chinese books, the reception of Chinese poets and the creation of Chinese poems, etc., one can find the essence of the controversy over the Tang and Song poems in the Edo poetry circle, namely, the preference for the "lyrical" Tang poetry and the rejection of Jiangxi poetry school. One can also find …