Arts and Humanities Commons^™

“The Lord Will Roar From Zion” (Amos 1:2): The Lion As A Divine Attribute On A Jerusalem Seal And Other Hebrew Glyptic Finds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations (Pp. 1*–13*), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Shua Kisilevitz, Benjamin Sass

'Atiqot

A stamp seal bearing the image of a roaring lion and a Hebrew legend was found during the excavations of the Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem. It is the first seal with a lion motif to be published from Iron Age II Jerusalem, and one of only a few from Judah bearing a lion motif. Two other glyptic finds include a fragment of a scaraboid, inscribed in Hebrew, and a bulla, with a palmette and traces of a Hebrew inscription. These finds are an important addition to the growing corpus of both inscribed and uninscribed seals that have been unearthed in …

Member In The Entourage Of Yahweh: A Uraeus Seal From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 15*–20*), Tallay Ornan

'Atiqot

A seal engraved with a four-winged uraeus was discovered in the area near the Iron Age four-room house in the Western Wall Plaza excavations, Jerusalem. The rendering is schematic, emphasizing the unsophisticated workmanship of the seal. This seal joins quite a few similar late eighth- or seventh-century BCE representations from Judah, hinting at an association of the four-winged uraeus with Yahwistic symbolism.

A Graeco-Egyptian Amulet From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 89*–92*), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

A magical amulet was found in the Roman-Byzantine civic center of Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’an). It is made of cobalt glass and engraved with an intaglio design on the obverse and an incised Greek inscription on the reverse. The amulet is related to digestive healing practices that prevailed in the Graeco-Roman world. Medical amulets of this type were widespread and are generally dated to the Roman period (second–third centuries CE); however, an early Byzantine dating for similar amulets has also been suggested. It seems reasonable that magical amulets of the Graeco-Egyptian type were still in use or even newly manufactured, either …

An Engraved Carnelian Gem From Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’An) (Pp. 83*–88*), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

An intact carnelian gemstone was retrieved from the fill of the western therma in the Roman civic center of Nysa-Scythopolis (Bet She’an), along with an assortment of pottery and coins from the Roman and Byzantine periods. The gem, originally set in a ring, depicts Heracles in a scene of one of his labors: the overcoming of the Nemean lion. Based on its workmanship, style and provenience, it seems most likely that the gem dates to the second century CE.

The Pottery And Stone Objects From A Roman-Period Farmstead At El-Qabu, South Of Ashqelon (Pp. 21*–28*), Yehudah Rapuano

'Atiqot

The ceramic finds from the site at El-Qabu comprise for the most part locally manufactured vessels, along with a few imported wares. The repertoire includes plain-ware utilitarian vessels produced on the southern coastal plain along with imported examples of Eastern Terra Sigillata Ware (ESA) and two foreign amphorae. The pottery is exceptionally homogeneous, ranging in date from the second century to the late third and possibly the very beginning of the fourth century CE. Among the finds were a figurine (of mourning Isis?) and a disc-lamp, decorated with what was probably an erotic scene. These pagan themes seem to give …

A Stone Seal From The Alone Abba Oil Press (Hebrew, Pp. 83–85; English Summary, P. 87), David Amit

'Atiqot

A rectangular stone seal, made of soft limestone, was found during excavations in the Alone Abba oil press. A rectangular double frame delimits the design on the face of the seal, a rendering of a dove with an olive branch. This motif indicates a connection between the seal and the oil press, representing the olive oil produced in the oil press. As the seal was found in a pre-Christian context, it was almost certainly Jewish.

Temple Furniture From A Favissa At ‘En Hazeva (Pp. 107–175), Sara Ben-Arieh

'Atiqot

The finds from the favissa at ‘En Hazeva represent a cultic assemblage that had been used in a temple that existed at the site at the end of the Iron Age and was intentionally buried. The objects retrieved from the favissa included anthropomorphic statues, cylindrical stands, bowls, goblets, tripod cups, pomegranate-shaped pendants, stone altars and a stone human statue. The cultic vessels are well-grounded in the religious iconography of the Ancient Near East in general and the Levant in particular. These finds resemble those from Ḥorbat Qitmit, where they were defined as Edomite. However, no indication of the deity worshipped …

Scarabs From A Burial Cave Near Ḥorbat Zelef (Pp. 47–57), Othmar Keel, Stefan Münger

'Atiqot

Fourteen scarabs were retrieved from the Late Bronze Age I burial level at Ḥorbat Zelef. The assemblage is relatively homogeneous, mostly dating to the Middle Kingdom, some are imported from Egypt and some are local products. Their placement within a well-dated LB I burial context upholds that they were preserved for several generations as heirlooms, and finally used as a funerary deposit.

Seals And Figurines From The Beginning Of The Early Chalcolithic Period At Ha-Gosherim (Hebrew, Pp. 1–26; English Summary, Pp. 81*–83*), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ha-Gosherim yielded a rich and unique assemblage of artistic objects from the beginning of the Early Chalcolithic period (fifth millennium BCE): twenty-two stone stamp-seals and two bone female figurines. Made of local stone, most of the seals appear to have been manufactured on-site; however, a few seals were apparently made of chlorite and seem to have been brought to the site as finished artifacts. The designs on the seals vary and comprise geometric patterns alongside faunal and floral motifs, and even human faces or masks. This large assemblage of seals attests to the strong ties the Ha-Gosherim settlement …

Excavations In The Mamillah Area, Jerusalem: The Medieval Fortifications (Pp. 125–152), Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron

'Atiqot

A fortification line, comprising a wall and a tower, was exposed outside the Jerusalem Old City wall and parallel to it, northwest of Jaffa Gate. The lower part of the wall was rock-cut, while its upper part was constructed of stones set in a grayish mortar (preserved only in the eastern part). The finds include pottery dating from the Roman-Byzantine periods and mainly, to the twelfth–early thirteenth centuries CE; stones bearing mason’s marks, mostly geometric, in secondary use; and two coins. Also found were stone architectural elements; fragments of wall paintings (frescos) depicting the head of the Madonna, and a …

Remains Of A Hall North Of Caesarea (With A Contribution By Donald T. Ariel) (Hebrew, Pp. 57–61; English Summary, Pp. 57–58), Gershon Edelstein

'Atiqot

A large hall, in the shape of a long octagon with two interior, semicircular apses, was revealed. Four marble column bases were found in situ in the northern apse, and remains of a black-and-white mosaic floor survived in the center of the hall. These remains were probably part of a public building (bathhouse?) or a large private dwelling in the northern suburbs of Byzantine Caesarea.

Burial Caves From The Second Temple And Byzantine Periods On The Western Slope Of Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 47*–59*; English Summary, Pp. 158–160), Amit Re’Em, Zubair ‘Adawi, Tal Ilan

'Atiqot

Three burial caves that were part of the eastern burial ground (necropolis) of Jerusalem during the Second Temple and the Byzantine periods were revealed. Two of the caves (Nos. 3, 4) were hewn during the Second Temple period and reused in the Byzantine period, and one (No. 2) was hewn and used during the Byzantine period. Cave 3 yielded wood remains and nails, probably attesting to burial in wooden coffins during the Byzantine period. Cave 4 yielded fragments of nine limestone ossuaries, decorated in patterns well-known from the Jerusalem area. Three of the ossuaries bore inscriptions of Jewish names in …

Early Roman And Early Byzantine Glass Vessels From T2 And T4 Near Ḥorbat Zikhrin (Hebrew, Pp. 59–63; English Summary, P. 76*), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal

'Atiqot

Eleven glass vessels were retrieved from two double-arcosolia tombs (T2, T4) near Ḥorbat Zikhrin. The finds from T2 included a bowl, a jar, a bottle and an amphoriskos dating from the fourth–fifth centuries CE. The finds from T4 were free-blown, and included a bowl rim and bottle base from the first–second centuries CE and several beads. An exceptional find is a cast-and-cut seal, dated to the sixth–fourth centuries BCE, which is probably an heirloom attesting to the affluent status of the deceased.

A Burial Cave Of The Second Temple Period In The Arnona Quarter, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 15*–29*; English Summary, Pp. 154–156), Ya‘Akov Billig

'Atiqot

The cave has one burial chamber. In its center is a rectangular, rock-hewn standing pit, flanked by three benches and six loculi (kokhim), and two repositories. All of the kokhim, save one, were sealed with their blocking stones. Found on the benches and in the kokhim were ten ossuaries with their covers and one single cover. One of the ossuaries (No. 1) was inscribed with Aramaic and Hebrew inscriptions; the others were incised, decorated or painted. Numerous objects were discovered in the cave, including pottery vessels, stone vessels, a stone spindle whorl, glass inlays, glass beads, a bone kohl spoon, …

A Byzantine Church At Qiryat Ata(With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Pp. 165–176), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

Part of a Byzantine-period church was revealed during an excavation conducted at Qiryat Ata. The church was basilical in plan, oriented roughly eastward. The nave was paved with a polychrome mosaic, exhibiting a geometric pattern that was dated on stylistic grounds to the second half of the sixth century CE. Small limestone fragments decorated with geometric motifs were found on the mosaic floor, probably belonging to a chancel screen. The finds included pottery and glass vessels of Late Byzantine date. The church probably belongs to a rather prosperous settlement that existed within the present limits of Qiryat Ata.

A Chalcolithic Burial Cave At Eṭ-Ṭaiyiba (Pp. 1–44), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

The cave, hewn in soft limestone, is of an irregular oval shape, with high margins that served as benches. A minimum of 38 ossuaries were found in the cave, some open and box-shaped, others closed and house-shaped; ossuary jars and kraters were also found. The ossuaries were decorated with plastic ornamentation, depicting pegs, noses, eyes and rope decoration, as well as painted ornamentation in various patterns, e.g., triangles, lines and arches. Funerary goods included only pottery vessels characteristic of the Chalcolithic period: V-shaped bowls, cornets, amphoriskoi, fenestrated pedestal bowls and cylindrical stands. It seems that the people buried in the …

Chalcolithic Burial Sites At Ma‘Abarot And Tel Ifshar (Pp. 45–63), Yosef Porath

'Atiqot

The two burial sites are located in the Sharon plain, south and north of Naḥal Alexander. The kidney-shaped cave at Ma‘abarot was hewn in the kurkar sandstone. All the burials in the cave were secondary. Of the 63 burials identified, 42 were placed in three types of ceramic vessels—house-shaped ossuaries, chest-shaped ossuaries and large domestic kraters—and 21, in ‘bone heaps’. The finds consisted of pottery vessels typical of the Chalcolithic period, e.g., V-shaped bowls and fenestrated bowls and bottles, and a flake from a flint digging tool. At Tel Ifshar, two burial places were discovered, both damaged by infrastructure work. …

Remains Of A Monastery At The Foot Of Tel Ashdod (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–2*; English Summary, P. 233), Shlomo Gudovitch

'Atiqot

A mosaic floor was uncovered, consisting of a square surrounding a medallion, in which a seven-line Greek inscription was preserved. It is suggested that the mosaic adorned the entrance to a monastery or a church that existed at the site during the Byzantine period.

Note On A Glazed Bowl With A Medallion Of A Feline From Khirbat Burin (Pp. 215–219), Lev Kapitaikin

'Atiqot

A fragment from a large, Mamluk-period glazed-ware bowl was found in the Khirbat Burin excavations, decorated with a molded relief. The decoration is divided into three registers: the upper register is occupied by a naskh inscription, interrupted by a medallion enclosing a figure of a large feline; the two lower registers are decorated with simple geometric motifs. This vessel type dates from the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE, and is reported from many sites in the Levant. It might have been produced in greater Syria.

Burials From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Roman Period At Bet Dagan (Pp. 23–30), Martin Peilstöcker

'Atiqot

Nine tombs were excavated: seven dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA), and two, to the Early Roman period. The IBA tombs were all simple burial pits, dug into hamra soil. The Roman-period tombs were cist graves. The pottery finds from the IBA pits included a bowl, cups, jars, amphoriskoi and a lamp, all resembling Dever’s Southern Family. The finds from the Roman period comprised two pottery vessels and a rare bronze jug with a decorated handle.

A Ceramic Zoomorphic Figurine From Tel Bet Yeraḥ, Nadeshda B. Knudsen

'Atiqot

A well-made ceramic zoomorphic figurine was recovered from a domestic EB IB context (Stratum V) in the southern part of Tel Bet Yeraḥ. The physical characteristics of this figurine suggest that it was intended to represent an equid, possibly a donkey. Such animal figurines are common at Early Bronze Age sites, usually representing familiar domesticate animals. The purpose of these figurines remains obscure, with multiple suggestions offered, including their use as toys, talismans, teaching aids, exchange tokens, or for rituals.

Ultraviolent, Jin Mateo Kim

Theses and Dissertations

How do you reconceive yourself in a society that has failed you? Jin Mateo Kim's works examine the reckoning of self-conception in postwar youth subculture of the 1960s.

To Swallow The Stars, Catie Dillon

Theses and Dissertations

Through abstract paintings of illuminated voids, Catie Dillon explores ideas of interconnectedness. In "To Swallow the Stars", she traces the layers of her process, examining the function of gesture, color, light, and space as a means to capture the ineffable.

List Of No's, Hwi Hahm

Theses and Dissertations

Through abstract paintings with an emphasis on the absence of the human form, Hwi Hahm creates an esoteric, veiled expression, prompting the question: when do swaths of paint become something? In this paper he discusses the dissociation of identity, and how it offers a balance between material properties and the illusionistic possibilities of painting.

The Price Of Zero: On Aesthetics, The Market, And The Salvage Art Institute, Emily Henson

Theses and Dissertations

Founded by Elka Krajewska, The Salvage Art Institute (SAI) recontextualizes artworks classified as "total loss" through public exhibition and archival practices, and challenges conventional art market values by exploring alternative frameworks for artistic worth.

Free Fall, Mariam Bolkvadze

Theses and Dissertations

Free Fall, a mixed media project, addresses the horrifying cases of infant abduction experienced in the country of Georgia over the last 40-50 years, and how the nation's systemic issue became one of the causes of illegal child trafficking in the country. The project features an infant room setting with video projections, TV screens with interviews, and custom sound effects. The setting of Free Fall is a visual metaphor of the experiences of those affected by the abductions and illegal child trafficking drawing from the iconography of early childhood. Ultimately, my installation seeks to advocate for justice and support …

Arden 2025, Elizabeth Woods, Maddie Ginter

The Arden

An amalgamation of creative student works. Items contained include, but are not limited to, art, photography, short stories, prose, poetry, and other avenues of creative composition.

Coeval 2025, Amy Holmberg Editor, Trina Warkentin Editor, Sadie Buteyn Fiction Editor, Emily Costa Fiction Editor, Katelyn Bierma Nonfiction Editor, Michael Harjo Poetry Editor, Lauren Groff Poetry Editor, Tiana Higgins Art Editor, Bright Holst Design Editor, Elizabeth Caneday Contributor, Abby Chalmers Contributor, Kaleb Cramer Contributor, Malachi Fox Contributor, Jayda Francis Contributor, Chloe A. Harvick Contributor, Amelia Keillor Contributor, Kade Nystrom Contributor, Elle Pehrson Contributor, Alyse Petersen Contributor, Eleanor Schuebel Contributor, Kailey Tan Contributor, Elizabeth Turner Contributor

Coeval

On behalf of the Coeval editing team, we proudly present the 2025 issue of Bethel University’s Coeval Literary magazine. As you read through this journal, you will find poetry, prose, fiction, and visual art about the beauties and hardships of life. Together, Bethel University students and faculty contributed to make this magazine happen. We loved reading each submission and viewing every art piece. More than anything, we look forward to what students will continue to create! Thank you for reading.

Sincerely, Trina Warkentin and Amy Holmberg

Cover Art: Places to Be by Natalie Enos

Blue Room 2025, Blue Room Magazine Rso

Blue Room

Editorial Team

• Alexandra Bradley
• Eli Elkins
• Gabby Hetzel
• James Schnitzler
• Jenna Peck
• Lynn Judy
• Natalie Hansen
• Rachael Perino
• Sam Pickett
• Sarah Brown
• Sofia King

Queerness Through The Lens Of Abjection, Games, And Ai, Ryan Nguyen

HMC Senior Theses

I have always understood queerness in relation to the heteronormative standards that our modern society imposes. That is, despite being queer, my own perception of my identity has been that it is abject. The abject is what disturbs identity, system, order, and what does not respect borders, positions, and rules. I have been indoctrinated to believe that queerness is a disturbance to the current system, that it is unnatural and repulsive. However, there is value in abjection. When faced with a primal repulsion, the boundaries between the Self and the Other are confronted and begin to break down. By breaking …