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2023

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Articles 3271 - 3300 of 18348

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Speculating Gender In Conversational Interfaces, Patrizia Marti, Stefano Varlaro Oct 2023

Speculating Gender In Conversational Interfaces, Patrizia Marti, Stefano Varlaro

IASDR Conference Series

The paper investigates gender biases and stereotypes in the design of conversational interfaces such as chatbots and virtual assistants. Recently the topic has received a growing attention in the design community. In our research, we focus on the issue of the lack of diversity and viewpoints that may unintentionally create services that are biased towards a particular group of users, while ignoring the needs and perspectives of others. To address this issue, we organised a speculative design workshop inviting 9 people with different gender and sexual identity to reflect on gender biases in conversational interfaces with the ultimate objective of …

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Designer-Researcher’S Positionality; Materialities Matter, Amber De Coen, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson Oct 2023

Designer-Researcher’S Positionality; Materialities Matter, Amber De Coen, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson

IASDR Conference Series

With the rise of cross-cultural, participatory research projects, there is a growing need for reflexivity in the design research community. One way to address this need is by using positionality, which acknowledges the researcher's personal, social, cultural, political position in relation to the subject, participants, context, and process of a study. However, this paper argues that in design research, additional reflections should be made on the research materialities, seeing as these may also reflect the designer-researcher's biases and assumptions, which have implications for the research process and outcomes. Drawing on the example of a participatory design research project researching the …

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Participatory Design For Craft Sustainability In Rural Areas: A Multi-Sited Approach, Peining Sheng Oct 2023

Participatory Design For Craft Sustainability In Rural Areas: A Multi-Sited Approach, Peining Sheng

IASDR Conference Series

This second-year ongoing doctoral research explores how participatory design can help rural-based craftspeople add value to their craft practice and balance selling prices against hidden costs, which will stimulate the development of a creative economy and reinforce local cultural identity. This research project aims to: a) contribute to implementing the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 11, and 13; b) reform stereotypes surrounding the ‘Made in China’ label; c) develop an effective strategy for rural craft development and sustainability. The need to achieve SDGs is urgent today, as COVID-19, an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, has impacted people’s daily lives …

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Play With Data: Using Haptic Properties Of Artifacts To Augment Data Representation, Xiang Wei, Lin Siyuan, Jiang Hao, Zhao Shengdong, Sun Lingyun Oct 2023

Play With Data: Using Haptic Properties Of Artifacts To Augment Data Representation, Xiang Wei, Lin Siyuan, Jiang Hao, Zhao Shengdong, Sun Lingyun

IASDR Conference Series

This article explores haptic data representation of people’s daily activities. The haptic data representation employs haptic properties of artifacts to represent data. However, the data types represented by haptic properties appear to be constrained, with frequency and average value accounting for the majority. Many other valuable types of information, such as variance, trend, and sample size, are under-represented. These data types are important for people to make decisions and reflect on their activities. To explore the potentials of expressing multiple data types through various haptic properties of artifacts, a user study was conducted to investigate people’s mental mappings of haptic …

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Design Teams’ Behaviors And Idea Development In Using “Ideator”, Pei-Jung Cheng Oct 2023

Design Teams’ Behaviors And Idea Development In Using “Ideator”, Pei-Jung Cheng

IASDR Conference Series

The purpose of this study was to analyze the conceptualization development of design teams using the design supporting tool "IDEATOR." Five design teams were invited to complete a design task, and their conceptual development characteristics and association modes were explored. The results revealed that the occurrence frequencies of the behaviors "retrieving information," "adding a new branch idea," and "discussing the design problem" were higher in the design teams compared to other behaviors. This suggests that the mind-mapping idea developing and image searching functions of IDEATOR were effective in triggering their ideation. Additionally, the teams with higher frequencies of behavioral mode …

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Yearning For Revival_Using Healing As The Linking Strategy To Recreate Emotionally Resilient Communities, Tanhao Gao, Yujia Liu, Lingyu Zhu, Hongtao Zhou, Li Zhang Oct 2023

Yearning For Revival_Using Healing As The Linking Strategy To Recreate Emotionally Resilient Communities, Tanhao Gao, Yujia Liu, Lingyu Zhu, Hongtao Zhou, Li Zhang

IASDR Conference Series

COVID-19 and Omicron variants have caused unprecedented impacts on global operating systems, society was forced to accept a painful coexistence with the pandemic, and the derived economic, social, and cultural disasters have left communities plagued by the "Long Covid" aftermath and psychological pressure. Worse still, society has witnessed an increasingly severe problem between spaces and services, including delayed regeneration, disorganization, and isolation. Therefore, it has become crucial and urgent to discover linking strategies between spaces and services, residents and communities, and the broader interrelated field during the recovery and change transition. Through comparative theoretical analysis, we identify the conceptual definition, …

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Longing For: Exploring Intimacy And Sexual Expression In Long-Term Care Through Participatory Design Approaches, Yoni Maartje Lefévre Oct 2023

Longing For: Exploring Intimacy And Sexual Expression In Long-Term Care Through Participatory Design Approaches, Yoni Maartje Lefévre

IASDR Conference Series

Intimacy and sexual expression are often ignored and silenced in long-term care, failing to respect and protect the sexual health needs of older adults. Residents are often perceived as ‘too old’ to be sexually active due to the dominant youthful image ingrained in Western societies and media. As a result, people living in skilled nursing care experience a lack of intimate relationships, unable to explore their self-autonomy and sexuality. In addition, the acceptance of intimacy in an organizational work environment of a care facility depends on staffs attitudes, knowledge and policy guidelines. The multiple barriers to intimacy in long-term care …

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Queer Cities. Designing Inclusive Public Spaces Through Participative And Social Innovative Actions And Practices., Valentina Ferreri Oct 2023

Queer Cities. Designing Inclusive Public Spaces Through Participative And Social Innovative Actions And Practices., Valentina Ferreri

IASDR Conference Series

Public spaces have historically been designed to support and facilitate the traditional roles of the masculine gender, resulting in male-centric spaces that do not consider other genders or communities. This has created an unsafe and exclusionary environment for queer and trans individuals, who face widespread violence and discrimination in public spaces. While some top-down initiatives such as rainbow street crossings have aimed to increase visibility and reduce hate-crimes, they are not enough and are in dissonance with the true living conditions of queer and trans people. A possible solution is to adopt a bottom-up approach, involving local actors part of …

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Transforming Resilient Healthcare Systems: Mapping The Pathway Forward With Healthcare 4.0 Technologies, Valentina Marques Da Rosa, Flavio S. Fogliatto, Tarcísio A. Saurin, Guilherme L. Tortorella, Leandro M. Tonetto Oct 2023

Transforming Resilient Healthcare Systems: Mapping The Pathway Forward With Healthcare 4.0 Technologies, Valentina Marques Da Rosa, Flavio S. Fogliatto, Tarcísio A. Saurin, Guilherme L. Tortorella, Leandro M. Tonetto

IASDR Conference Series

Traditional approaches to healthcare service design usually seek resilient healthcare relying on social interactions between care providers. The current growth in the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare systems, usually grouped under the acronym H4.0 (Healthcare 4.0), calls for the integration of Resilience Engineering (RE) principles and Information and Communications digital technologies in the design of healthcare services. This paper offers an expert-based mapping of how H4.0 technologies may impact four abilities that characterize resilient healthcare systems, namely: monitor, anticipate, respond, and learn. Based on our findings, we discuss how designers and healthcare managers should jointly consider RE and H4.0 …

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Collaborating With An Amazonian Tree: A Bio-Product Design Experiment With Ancestral References, Andrea Bandoni, Raul Cunca, Carla Paoliello, Gabriela Forman Oct 2023

Collaborating With An Amazonian Tree: A Bio-Product Design Experiment With Ancestral References, Andrea Bandoni, Raul Cunca, Carla Paoliello, Gabriela Forman

IASDR Conference Series

In this article, we describe and discuss the findings from a design study aimed at producing objects with an Amazonian tree by employing a design technique based on collaboration with living organisms, adopting approaches to design that prioritizes respect for the environment, as well as shedding light on the potential of ancestral knowledge in shaping sustainable design practices. The Crescentia cujete species produces cuias, fruits that turn into domestic objects through an ancestral artisanal process that can be considered highly ecological from a design perspective. The study starts with a literature review in Biodesign, Biology, and Anthropology. Then, a mixed …

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Study On The Development Strategy Of Huishan Clay Figurine From The Perspective Of Urban Symbolism-Taking The Design Strategy Of Nanimomo Blind Box Series As An Example, Tiancheng Li, Bo Pang Oct 2023

Study On The Development Strategy Of Huishan Clay Figurine From The Perspective Of Urban Symbolism-Taking The Design Strategy Of Nanimomo Blind Box Series As An Example, Tiancheng Li, Bo Pang

IASDR Conference Series

Huishan clay sculpture has existed for more than a century and is facing the same difficult development dilemma as many other intangible cultural heritages that are difficult to sustain. The reason behind this is the gap in understanding between its practitioners and modern design, which makes it difficult to integrate effectively into modern life. In this study, by analyzing the current state of Huishan Clay Figurines and corresponding revitalization measures, Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）was used to analyze the weight of the relevant factors affecting their development, and the Moscow Law framework was utilized to position the existing measures. It was concluded …

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Applying Generative Art To Cultural And Creative Product Design To Construct Human-Product Relationship, Dihui Chu, Fangzhou Dong, Wenyu Wu, Xuan Wang Oct 2023

Applying Generative Art To Cultural And Creative Product Design To Construct Human-Product Relationship, Dihui Chu, Fangzhou Dong, Wenyu Wu, Xuan Wang

IASDR Conference Series

Tourism cultural and creative products aim to highlight a city’s image and cultural characteristics. With the development of design forms, designers pay attention to how to apply new methods to cultural and creative design. As a frontier research method, the application of generative art to cultural and creative design can broaden the boundary of design, enrich design style and explore more possible products. This article introduces a case of applying generative art and color theory to the design of tourism cultural and creative products, which shows a new idea of cultural and creative product design, retaining the impression of the …

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Exploring An Innovative Apprenticeship Model In Design Education : A Case Study In Transportation Design, Ya-Lin Chen, Min-Yuan Ma, Hsin-Chun Wang, Guan-Ting Shi Oct 2023

Exploring An Innovative Apprenticeship Model In Design Education : A Case Study In Transportation Design, Ya-Lin Chen, Min-Yuan Ma, Hsin-Chun Wang, Guan-Ting Shi

IASDR Conference Series

Design education faces challenges due to rapid technological and societal changes. As we move towards modern professional education, important values such as guidance, experience sharing, and cultivating craftsmanship are being lost. This study proposes an innovative design apprenticeship model that combines traditional apprenticeship with modern education to improve quality and cultivate innovative designers with strong technical skills. The research methods include literature review and case application and analysis. Through literature review, key elements of traditional apprenticeship inheritance are integrated into the innovative design apprenticeship model, which is then applied and explored in teaching practice. This model emphasizes improving students' practical …

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From E-Waste To Jewellery: Creating Emotionally Durable Jewellery With The Metal Recovered From Electronic Waste, Kunning Ding Oct 2023

From E-Waste To Jewellery: Creating Emotionally Durable Jewellery With The Metal Recovered From Electronic Waste, Kunning Ding

IASDR Conference Series

It is estimated that the electrical equipment discarded in 2021 weighs more than 57 million tonnes. Less than one-fifth of this electronic waste (e-waste) is recycled. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are an integral component of any electronic equipment, and this is a useful type of waste due to its high metal content of nearly 30%. This practice-based research aims to explore how to transform metals recovered from e-waste using a hydrometallurgy technique (that works with metals in solution) into wearable jewellery. There are two parts unfolded in this research, one is from a technical perspective, applying electroforming that works with …

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Investigating The Effectiveness Of Peripheral Vision In Reading Digital Speed Limit Information Displayed In Ar-Hud Technology, Shu-Hui Huang, Chun-Heng Ho Oct 2023

Investigating The Effectiveness Of Peripheral Vision In Reading Digital Speed Limit Information Displayed In Ar-Hud Technology, Shu-Hui Huang, Chun-Heng Ho

IASDR Conference Series

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral vision in reading digital speed limit information displayed in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD) technology. In particular, the experiment investigated whether the larger display area and expanded access provided by AR technology in the HUD could improve the efficiency of peripheral vision in reading FHWA Series F font used in U.S. highway signs. Thirty participants aged 19 to 39 were recruited for a simulated driving video experiment. Stimulus numbers were set at the speed limit for urban roads and viewing angles of 20° left, 10° left, 10° right, 20° right, and …

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Research On User Needs For Gesture Interaction Of Foldable Smartphones: Comparison Between Current And Potential Users, Zhengyu Tan, Yating Su, Ningyi Dai, Xiang Gao, Le Du, Qi Chen Oct 2023

Research On User Needs For Gesture Interaction Of Foldable Smartphones: Comparison Between Current And Potential Users, Zhengyu Tan, Yating Su, Ningyi Dai, Xiang Gao, Le Du, Qi Chen

IASDR Conference Series

The foldable smartphone is one of the key trends in personal mobile devices, and a topic worth investigating is the classification and structure of user needs of foldable smartphones. This study profoundly explores the user needs for gesture interaction of foldable smartphones by comparing current and potential users. The needs of 20 current users were obtained through the interview, and observational experiments were conducted to obtain the needs of 20 potential users. Following the principles of grounded theory, a theoretical model which includes 4 categories and 7 subcategories was generated from current users' needs. Also, a theoretical model which includes …

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Study On The Status Quo And Sustainable Renewal Strategies Of The Zhoutie Historic District In Wuxi, China, Ren Zhou, Weimin Guo Oct 2023

Study On The Status Quo And Sustainable Renewal Strategies Of The Zhoutie Historic District In Wuxi, China, Ren Zhou, Weimin Guo

IASDR Conference Series

The renovation of old historical blocks is currently receiving much attention in China's urban construction and development, and how to protect the traditional texture and sustainable development has become a research issue. This article takes the historical block of Zhoutie in Wuxi, China as the research site. Through field research methods, the current situation of old historical blocks is studied from the outside to the inside, and three characteristics of old blocks are summarized: the first point is that the relationship between new and old buildings inside and outside the historical blocks is fragmented, and some groups are updated to …

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Unlocking The Experience Economy: Integrating Design For Experience Knowledge Into Fast Moving Consumer Goods (Fmcg) Product Innovation, Steffen Ristau, Pieter Desmet, Frido Smulders Oct 2023

Unlocking The Experience Economy: Integrating Design For Experience Knowledge Into Fast Moving Consumer Goods (Fmcg) Product Innovation, Steffen Ristau, Pieter Desmet, Frido Smulders

IASDR Conference Series

This paper addresses the question how design for experience can be integrated into the product innovation practices of fast-moving consumer products, to increase impact and deliver additional (emotional) value to consumers. To achieve this, theories of the leading experts in the field have been reviewed, key principles of designing for experience have been identified and reflected on the product innovation practices as a case study on Henkel Consumer Brands, a global leading fast-moving consumer goods company. The key finding is that many small and diverse actions need be taken, which can be clustered in three themes: 1) actionable behavior, 2) …

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Confidence And Doubt In Doctoral Research: The Temptation Of Certainty, Ashley Hall, Michael Hohl Oct 2023

Confidence And Doubt In Doctoral Research: The Temptation Of Certainty, Ashley Hall, Michael Hohl

IASDR Conference Series

Many aspects of doctoral supervision are well known in education from methods and methodology to research questions, philosophies and epistemologies. One core aspect that is touched upon less frequently yet is central to the lived experience of the researcher and that is essential for rigour and trust occupying a significant amount of cognitive effort is confidence and doubt. The use of confidence and doubt to drive research is a daily experience for the researcher yet the practice and challenges are infrequently addressed directly in doctoral environments. Confidence can be essential as a driver when researchers with strong convictions lack complete …

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How Smart Is The Italian Domestic Environment? A Quantitative Study, Annapaola Vacanti Oct 2023

How Smart Is The Italian Domestic Environment? A Quantitative Study, Annapaola Vacanti

IASDR Conference Series

According to latest reports, the market for smart home products in Italy appears to be growing quicker than in other European countries. Continuous technological advances have lowered the price for entry products, allowing more families to acquire smart solutions. Meanwhile, after the pandemic situation of 2020, the importance of the domestic environment as a hybrid space where to conduct different activities that require smart and connected appliances has significantly grown. Ultimately, economic, and social instability has produced a higher awareness of energy consumption, bringing many users to question their lifestyle choices and look for smarter and greener solutions. The evolution …

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A Design-Driven Approach To Distributed Ledger Technologies For Small Farmers Communities: A Case Study In Portugal, Sabrina Scuri, Catarina Ribeiro, Valentina Nisi Oct 2023

A Design-Driven Approach To Distributed Ledger Technologies For Small Farmers Communities: A Case Study In Portugal, Sabrina Scuri, Catarina Ribeiro, Valentina Nisi

IASDR Conference Series

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has the potential to transform the agri-food sector, empowering rural and underserved farming communities by enabling the creation of a more environmentally sustainable and socio-economically inclusive food system. Several PoC and pilot projects are running all over the world to test this specific use case. However, the success rate of these initiatives is still limited. A critical analysis of the state-of-the-art suggests as a possible explanation for the observed trend that the current research approach to DLT for agriculture is mostly technology-driven. This limits our ability to develop solutions that provide benefits to the communities they’re …

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Educating The Attention Of Museum Visitors Through Non-Verbal Art Mediation, Christian Sivertsen, Nikita Mathias, Anders Sundnes Løvlie Oct 2023

Educating The Attention Of Museum Visitors Through Non-Verbal Art Mediation, Christian Sivertsen, Nikita Mathias, Anders Sundnes Løvlie

IASDR Conference Series

The use of technology in art museums is usually limited to communicating verbal information such as interpretive text and audio guides, or to facilitating social experiences. This paper presents a Research through Design study of an immersive room-scale installation in an art museum. The aim was to afford non-verbal art mediation and educate the attention of museum visitors to certain aspects of a series of paintings. The installation was based on recent art historical research and aimed to use this research to facilitate a new perspective on the artworks. The installation was created through a one-year-long iterative process that involved …

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Unleashing A Creative Explosion: Channeling Expert Strategy Into Service Design Heuristic Cards, Zihan Zhou, Renke He, Ying Hu, Yiming Bai, Xing Du, Qin Wang Oct 2023

Unleashing A Creative Explosion: Channeling Expert Strategy Into Service Design Heuristic Cards, Zihan Zhou, Renke He, Ying Hu, Yiming Bai, Xing Du, Qin Wang

IASDR Conference Series

Cultivating creativity is the central problem of all design education, including service design education. Obtaining design knowledge is an effective method to improve students' creativity. Despite the availability of various service design tools, these tools tend to focus more on analyzing and describing services. It is still tricky for inexperienced service design novices to overcome design fixation and experience limitations and generate innovative design solutions. This study developed a novel service design tool, Service Design Heuristic Cards (SDHC), which assist novice designers in concept generation by conveying expert knowledge. The article provides a detailed description of the tool development process …

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Sustainable Design Strategy Of Chinese Old Town Community Based On Landscape Ontology：A Case Study Of Daojiao Community In Chongqing, Xingyu Chen, Hongtao Zhou, Xiang Liu Oct 2023

Sustainable Design Strategy Of Chinese Old Town Community Based On Landscape Ontology：A Case Study Of Daojiao Community In Chongqing, Xingyu Chen, Hongtao Zhou, Xiang Liu

IASDR Conference Series

In the process of China's urbanization process, there is a serious separation between new city and old city, The current situation of the old community space urgently needs to be improved,with the increasingly complex development pattern, the community design research is more inclined to favor the abstract category dominated by relationship design, resulting in the disconnection between design and physical space.This study can be an ideal repair technique. By sorting out the evolution law of the community landscape ontology, a set of sustainable development ideas in line with the landscape environment of the old city community.This paper intends to apply …

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Features Of Chinese Design Research: An “Object-Paradigm” Interactive Relationship Perspective, Yuhao Jiang, Fangzhou Gu, Danhua Zhao Oct 2023

Features Of Chinese Design Research: An “Object-Paradigm” Interactive Relationship Perspective, Yuhao Jiang, Fangzhou Gu, Danhua Zhao

IASDR Conference Series

How we conceive of design research has changed significantly. Scholars have explored this topic from the perspectives of the boundaries of the influence of the design profession and the shift of design paradigms. However, research on the evolution and features of design research in China has yet to make its mark on the international design research stage. Based on the National Social Science Foundation Art Project's promotion of Chinese design research, an "Object-Paradigm" analysis framework is constructed, revealing an interactive relationship between objects and paradigms of Chinese design research: a well-defined research paradigm focuses on a particular object, and specific …

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Inclusive Harmonies: Co-Creating Accessible Music Experiences With Deaf Or Blind Advisors Through Interdisciplinary Design Workshop, Yun Wang, Yuyao Zhang, Junrong Zhang, Zijin Li Oct 2023

Inclusive Harmonies: Co-Creating Accessible Music Experiences With Deaf Or Blind Advisors Through Interdisciplinary Design Workshop, Yun Wang, Yuyao Zhang, Junrong Zhang, Zijin Li

IASDR Conference Series

Music activities have been shown to enhance the self-development and social participation of individuals with disabilities, yet current assistive technologies and devices are unable to provide them with a satisfactory music experience. This paper presents a design workshop aimed at exploring innovative ways for blind or deaf people to better perceive, perform and create music, as well as a workshop approach to design innovative music installations through co-creation activities. The three-week workshop included an ice-breaking and team-building week, an ideation and co-creation week, and a final week for prototyping, testing, and showcasing. Multidisciplinary teams were formed and a group of …

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Research On Urban Brownfield Landscape Design From The Perspective Of Environmental Interaction - Taking The Former Site Of Jiangnan Cement Factory As An Example, Hanbin Shen, Mingjie Liang Oct 2023

Research On Urban Brownfield Landscape Design From The Perspective Of Environmental Interaction - Taking The Former Site Of Jiangnan Cement Factory As An Example, Hanbin Shen, Mingjie Liang

IASDR Conference Series

Urban brownfield sites occupy a large amount of land and resources in cities and seriously affect the overall appearance of the city, so how to adapt them to people's production and life better has become a hot research topic at this stage, and landscape design for such environments is a very important part of it. The design concept and new technology of urban brownfield landscape are constantly evolving, and its future development trend cannot only rely on the inherent way to achieve, but also need the support of modern technology. This paper takes the former site of Jiangnan Cement Factory …

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Themes For An Airport Hub In The Transition Towards A Multimodal Transport Hub – An Embedded Researcher’S Perspective, Aniek Toet, Jasper Van Kuijk, Klaas Boersma, Sicco Santema Oct 2023

Themes For An Airport Hub In The Transition Towards A Multimodal Transport Hub – An Embedded Researcher’S Perspective, Aniek Toet, Jasper Van Kuijk, Klaas Boersma, Sicco Santema

IASDR Conference Series

Future mobility systems will likely incorporate more multimodal journeys. These multimodal journeys integrate multiple modes of transport, and their higher future prevalence highlights the importance of paying attention to the modality transfers within journeys. To carefully facilitate these transfers, we advocate the creation of passenger-oriented Multimodal Transport Hubs (MTHs), which integrate both infrastructure and services of multiple travel modalities to ensure high-quality transfers between the different modes of transport. This study is part of a research project investigating how Airport Hubs can transform into MTHs and aims to learn in practice how the case study FlyHub deals with new travel …

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Utilizing Patent Data For Enhanced Design Creativity And Reduced Fixation In Product Design, Ranzhi Wei, Eric Heng Gu, Cehao Yu Oct 2023

Utilizing Patent Data For Enhanced Design Creativity And Reduced Fixation In Product Design, Ranzhi Wei, Eric Heng Gu, Cehao Yu

IASDR Conference Series

Background: During the early stages of product design, designers often encounter knowledge-based and conceptual fixation, which can limit their capacity to address design problems and solutions innovatively. To surmount this challenge, designers typically rely on visual graphics for inspiration rather than textual forms. A patent data tool is intended to provide designers with graphical presentations of keywords extracted from millions of patent documents, potentially reducing fixation. However, limited studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of this tool and its influence on design creativity and fixation. This study aims to explore how designers interact with the patent data tool and …

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Immersive Reading In Vr, Nikola Kunzova Oct 2023

Immersive Reading In Vr, Nikola Kunzova

IASDR Conference Series

This research explores different approaches for creating immersive experiences for reading works of fiction in VR, such as novels and short stories. Its goal is to combine the qualities of traditional reading and use the full potential of VR as an immersive medium to enhance the reading of textual narratives. Many technological and conceptual obstacles need to be solved to experience a perfectly balanced reading of fiction in VR. A possible solution to these challenges can be found in answering questions about immersion, interpretation, visualisation, and interaction regarding merging the media of books and VR. In the research for the …

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