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Articles 8371 - 8400 of 22115

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown Jan 2017

A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown

Animal Sentience

The precautionary principal is often invoked when talking about the evidence of sentience in animals, largely because we can never be certain what any animal is thinking or feeling. Birch (2017) offers a preliminary framework for the use of the precautionary principal for animal sentience combining an epistemic rule with a decision rule. I extend this framework by adding an evolutionary phylogentic approach which spreads the burden of proof across broad taxonomic groups and a risk assessment component which magnifies the likely impact by the number of animals involved.

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The “Precautionary Principle” – A Work In Progress, Shelley Adamo Jan 2017

The “Precautionary Principle” – A Work In Progress, Shelley Adamo

Animal Sentience

The target article by Birch illustrates the practical difficulties with the “Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle” (ASPP) while presenting potential solutions. However, the ASPP will be difficult to use without guidelines detailing how evidence of sentience should be assessed. Moreover, extrapolating conclusions found for a single species to all species within an Order is problematic. Finally, I recommend that Birch demonstrate his ASPP framework using a controversial test case to help show how it could be used in real-world situations.

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Precaution, Proportionality And Proper Commitments, Colin Klein Jan 2017

Precaution, Proportionality And Proper Commitments, Colin Klein

Animal Sentience

Birch’s extension of the precautionary principle (PP) is plausible but raises issues about how proportionality ought to be incorporated into law. Following Steel (2013), I suggest that the PP is best considered as a meta-norm, and as such any resulting laws are likely to lack the fineness of grain that we would hope to achieve. To fill the gap, I suggest a parallel with the ethics of studying looted artifacts.

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Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific, Rachael L. Brown Jan 2017

Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific, Rachael L. Brown

Animal Sentience

Birch’s formulation is persuasive but not nuanced enough to capture at least one situation where it is reasonable to invoke the precautionary principle (PP): when we have multiple, weak, but convergent, lines of evidence that a species is sentient, but no statistically significant evidence of a single credible indicator of sentience within the order as required by BAR. I respond to the worry that if we include such cases in our framework for applying the PP, we open ourselves to the charge of being “unscientific.”

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The Color Factor: How Paulo Freire’S Philosophy Of Education Highlights That Race Affects Human Growth And Development Of United States Citizens, Alyse Krevh Jan 2017

The Color Factor: How Paulo Freire’S Philosophy Of Education Highlights That Race Affects Human Growth And Development Of United States Citizens, Alyse Krevh

Masters Essays

No abstract provided.

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From Scientific Racism To Neoliberal Biopolitics, Ladelle Mcwhorter Jan 2017

From Scientific Racism To Neoliberal Biopolitics, Ladelle Mcwhorter

Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies Faculty Publications

Genealogy does not pose as political motivation, let alone moral imperative. It is a tool for those already engaged in resistance-not to dictate action but to enrich ongoing processes of analyzing and strategizing. With that understanding of genealogy's role, as I have argued (McWhorter 2009) and will argue here, Foucault's method can be extremely useful for confronting racism. In particular, his concepts of normalization and biopower are crucial for understanding how racism survived the demise of the nineteenth-century science that supported it and how it persisted throughout the twentieth century despite social, political, and economic change.

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Being The Other Woman: Watanabe’S Unrequited Love For Naoko In Norwegian Wood, Giselle Carter Jan 2017

Being The Other Woman: Watanabe’S Unrequited Love For Naoko In Norwegian Wood, Giselle Carter

Audre Lorde Prize

Taking a look at the philosophical Other, the object of one's life that would lead to self-actualization- something that des not exist, I reflect on Naoko and Watanabe's relationship, in particular the one-sidedness of it.

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A Case For Care And The Costs Of Capitalism: The Ethics Of Prescription Drug Pricing, Claire Prihoda Jan 2017

A Case For Care And The Costs Of Capitalism: The Ethics Of Prescription Drug Pricing, Claire Prihoda

Philosophy Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

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Little Philosophers: Assessing And Prompting Philosophical Reasoning With Children, Makensey Sanders Jan 2017

Little Philosophers: Assessing And Prompting Philosophical Reasoning With Children, Makensey Sanders

Honors Theses

There is a debate in academic philosophy and psychology of whether or not children can or should do philosophy. Robert Kitchener asserts that due to cognitive limitations, children under the age of 10 cannot think philosophically (Kitchener, 1990). Murris (2000) challenges Kitchener's arguments and concludes that more research is needed. Further, this is a period during which children show individual differences and development in cognitive capacity, specifically within executive function relating to conscious control that may influence abstract thought (Zelazo et al., 1997). The present study assessed 7- to 9-year-olds' and adults' ability to answer philosophical questions in relation to …

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Development Of A Guideline For Hospice Staff, Patients, And Families On Appropriate Opioid Use, Trenika Alexander-Goreá Jan 2017

Development Of A Guideline For Hospice Staff, Patients, And Families On Appropriate Opioid Use, Trenika Alexander-Goreá

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is an identified problem with patients receiving suboptimal pain management at a hospice agency in the northwestern United States. At this agency, undertreatment of pain is prevalent. Evidence indicates that this may be a result of a lack of guidelines, education, and knowledge of appropriate prescribing. Known barriers to the correct prescription and administration of potent opioids in the hospice setting include prevailing beliefs, knowledge, skills, and attitudes, all of which can impact care negatively. Contextually, hospice principles mandate patient comfort and caregiver involvement in continuous quality improvement, which includes adequate and informed pain management. Moreover, hospice metrics demand …

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Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Financial Performance, Christopher Lim Jan 2017

Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Financial Performance, Christopher Lim

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Consumers are demanding that corporations become more socially responsible. Executives are challenged to maximize shareholders' returns with achieving a favorable corporate citizen status. The research problem was a gap in knowledge and understanding of the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance. This study used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between key indicators of corporate social responsibility and financial performance from 372 corporations in the S&P500 in 2014. The theoretical foundation was Freeman's stakeholder theory. Environment, community, human rights, diversity, employee relations, product quality, and corporate governance were measures of social performance. Return on assets was used …

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The Trilogy Of Science: Filling The Knowledge Management Gap With Knowledge Science And Theory, Anthony Shawn Bates Jan 2017

The Trilogy Of Science: Filling The Knowledge Management Gap With Knowledge Science And Theory, Anthony Shawn Bates

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The international knowledge management field has different ways of investigating, developing, believing, and studying knowledge management. Knowledge management (KM) is distinguished deductively by know-how, and its intangible nature establishes different approaches to KM concepts, practices, and developments. Exploratory research and theoretical principles have formed functional intelligences from 1896 to 2013, leading to a knowledge management knowledge science (KMKS) concept that derived a grounded theory of knowledge activity (KAT). This study addressed the impact of knowledge production problems on KM practice. The purpose of this qualitative meta-analysis study was to fit KM practice within the framework of knowledge science (KS) study. …

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The Platonic Hero, Danielle A. Layne Jan 2017

The Platonic Hero, Danielle A. Layne

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Introduction, John Dillon, David D. Butorac, Danielle A. Layne Jan 2017

Introduction, John Dillon, David D. Butorac, Danielle A. Layne

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

The introduction to Proclus and His Legacy, a volume which investigates Proclus' own thought and his wide-ranging influence within late Neoplatonic, Alexandrine and Byzantinian philosophy and theology. It further explores how Procline metaphysics and doctrines of causality influence and transition into Arabic and Islamic thought, up until Richard Hooker in England, Spinoza in Holland and Pico in Italy. John Dillon provides a helpful overview of Proclus' thought, Harold Tarrant discusses Proclus' influence within Alexandrian philosophy and Tzvi Langermann presents ground breaking work on the Jewish reception of Proclus, focusing on the work of Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (1591-1655), while Stephen …

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The Challenge Of Enhancement & Adaptability In Healthcare: An Ethical Framework For Organizations, Gary Edwards Jan 2017

The Challenge Of Enhancement & Adaptability In Healthcare: An Ethical Framework For Organizations, Gary Edwards

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This work defends enhancements that aim at promoting adaptability and formulates a framework for how healthcare organizations can cope with these sorts of enhancements. It begins by defending explicit approaches to defining enhancements and sketches a tripartite conception of enhancements dependent on well-being, social, and perception approaches. After assessing several major arguments for and against enhancement, it defends an adaptability justification for enhancements. In light of this justification, the remaining sections explore the adaptability argument’s implications for healthcare, justify an organizational approach for dealing with these implications, and finally formulate an organizational ethics framework for coping with the adaptability argument’s …

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Beauvoir, Abortion, And Women’S Liberation, Xhulia Gjokaj Jan 2017

Beauvoir, Abortion, And Women’S Liberation, Xhulia Gjokaj

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis will present an argument for not restricting abortion. I will argue, based on Simone de Beauvoir’s views on women’s freedom and abortion, that it is important for women to receive safe and legal abortions if they wish to do so. I will then discuss Supreme Court rulings, such as Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, and show how Beauvoir would defend the court’s rulings for not placing restrictions on abortion. And finally, I am going to apply her views to the recent state attempts to restrict access to safe abortions. My ultimate conclusion is that laws …

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Allowing Animal Rights: Contra Natural Law Arguments, Rachel Tobias Jan 2017

Allowing Animal Rights: Contra Natural Law Arguments, Rachel Tobias

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Natural Law theories dominate the way in which humans view their relationships with other animals. Natural Law theories, commenced by Aristotle, claim that rationality is the morally relevant feature that differentiates humans from other animals. As a result, human beings often use non-human animals at their disposal, which has propelled factory farming and the mistreatment of animals. The term, "Speciesism" describes unjustified mistreatment of a species based on species membership. This essay examines the origin of Speciesism, as it relates to Natural Law theories. Additionally, the text discusses the negative consequences of Speciesism and the arbitrariness of omitting non-human animals …

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The Anti-Imperialism Of Ottobah Cugoano: Slavery, Abolition, And Colonialism In Thoughts And Sentiments On The Evil Of Slavery, Tacuma Peters Jan 2017

The Anti-Imperialism Of Ottobah Cugoano: Slavery, Abolition, And Colonialism In Thoughts And Sentiments On The Evil Of Slavery, Tacuma Peters

Publications and Research

This article argues that the work of Ottobah Cugoano provides readers with a robust anti-imperial analysis of European modernity. For Cugoano, slavery and colonialism are coeval and mutually constitutive processes. I argue that Cugoano’s Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery which has been accepted as a tract of radical abolitionism should also be interpreted as an anti-imperial text. I contend that we must attend to the global scope of Cugoano’s anti-imperialism which includes critiques of European colonialism in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as provides recommendations for radical changes in the relationship between Europe and …

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The Precautionary Principle: A Cautionary Note, Robert C. Jones Jan 2017

The Precautionary Principle: A Cautionary Note, Robert C. Jones

Animal Sentience

The precautionary principle regarding animal sentience is often used in decision-making about human actions that may cause harm to nonhuman animals. Birch (2017) develops an account of the precautionary principle requiring two pragmatic rules for its implementation. I support Birch's proposal but offer a cautionary note about relying on precautionary principles if one's ultimate goal is to emancipate animals from human domination.

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The Grounding Of Effective Aristotelian Law, Kyra Kinnaman Jan 2017

The Grounding Of Effective Aristotelian Law, Kyra Kinnaman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper aims to contribute meaningfully to Aristotelian scholarship by articulating the grounding of effective law. The grounding of law is the reason for which law’s efficacy can be explained. Two popular contenders for this explanation are natural law theory and legal positivism; however, this paper will build off the work of Donald Schroeder to show that neither theory is a tenable explanation for the grounding of Aristotelian law. Although Schroeder rejects natural law and positivism as appropriate interpretations of Aristotle, he fails to articulate what ultimately is the grounding of efficacious law. The final section of this paper will …

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Socio-Musical Performing Artistry, Aron Edidin Jan 2017

Socio-Musical Performing Artistry, Aron Edidin

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Philosophical discussion of artistry in performance has focused on the relation of performers to musical works and to their instruments. But an important domain of musical artistry is social, relating musicians to their fellows in performing groups. This “socio-musical” artistry contributes to the artistic accomplishments of performing groups as a whole. I identify two distinct kinds of socio-musical artistry, and discuss some of the ways in which different forms of group organization articulate different possibilities for their exercise. Finally, I discuss at some length the extreme case of a performing role that is purely socio-musical, that of the orchestral conductor. …

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Performer, Persona, And The Evaluation Of Musical Performance, Theodore Gracyk Jan 2017

Performer, Persona, And The Evaluation Of Musical Performance, Theodore Gracyk

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Engaging with recent ideas about the moral evaluation of art, I argue that facts about the lifestyle, attitudes, and moral character of music performers are relevant to evaluating a musical performance. When it contributes to a better understanding of the performance, this knowledge contributes to a more accurate estimation of its aesthetic merits and flaws. I explain how my view departs from those of Berys Gaut and Jeanette Bicknell.

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The Aesthetic Appreciation Of Animals In Zoological Parks, Marta Tafalla Jan 2017

The Aesthetic Appreciation Of Animals In Zoological Parks, Marta Tafalla

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Can we appreciate in a serious and deep way the aesthetic qualities of wild species in exemplars held captive for exhibition in the artificial installations of a zoo? To answer this question I invoke theories concerning the aesthetic appreciation of nature propounded by Yuriko Saito and Allen Carlson. I then argue that zoos impose their story on animals, thereby preventing us from appreciating the animals on their own terms. I claim that captivity and its effects on the health, behavior, and appearance of animals make serious and deep appreciation of the aesthetic qualities of wild species impossible.

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A Conceptual Framework For The Aesthetics Of Everyday Object Appreciation, Russell Quacchia Jan 2017

A Conceptual Framework For The Aesthetics Of Everyday Object Appreciation, Russell Quacchia

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

This essay takes up the topic of the aesthetics of everyday object experience. In doing so, it strings together a series of fairly complex topics as a conceptual framework. Its focus is upon the nature of certain core features that appear to be at work in giving rise to this kind of experience. It especially considers the role of such features as the aura property of phenomenal objects and the self-activation of aesthetic-interested attention. It gives a level of explanation to the crucial topic of why we tend to ignore taking an active interest in the aesthetic dimension of everyday …

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Painting, Mindfulness And Crowther's Aesthetics, Colleen Fitzpatrick Jan 2017

Painting, Mindfulness And Crowther's Aesthetics, Colleen Fitzpatrick

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

This paper addresses the notion of painting as a mindfulness-based intervention. This premise is justified as it relates to Crowther’s phenomenological aesthetics. Crowther’s theory of painting makes use of a number of features that characterize mindfulness practice and reflect the mindful attitude. These include attention, self-consciousness, universality, otherness, empathy and temporality. Painting and mindfulness practice are seen as interventions upon experience that expand being through greater engagement. Heightened perceptual awareness and embodiment are central to this discussion as they are at the root of aesthetic experience and mindfulness practice. The development of self-consciousness is a key consideration in this context. …

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Master Narratives And The Pictorial Construction Of Otherness: Anti-Semitic Images In The Third Reich And Beyond, Michael Ranta Jan 2017

Master Narratives And The Pictorial Construction Of Otherness: Anti-Semitic Images In The Third Reich And Beyond, Michael Ranta

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Collective identities of the Self (or Ego) vs. the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse but also through pictures. Such cultural constructions are often established and consolidated by storytelling, where, briefly put, events or situations are temporally ordered. Pictures and visual artworks may be powerful narrative resources for establishing and consolidating cultural stances and framing actions. In this paper, I shall focus upon demarcation efforts of Jews as the Other from the Middle Ages onwards, in the Third Reich’s iconography, and in modern, radicalized forms of anti-Semitic picturing in Arab media. Within overarching master …

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Imaginative Intersections: Engaging Aesthetic Experience At The Shofuso Japanese House, Peter L. Doebler Jan 2017

Imaginative Intersections: Engaging Aesthetic Experience At The Shofuso Japanese House, Peter L. Doebler

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

This essay explores how the imagination creates dynamic aesthetic experiences by negotiating the intersection of opposites. The goal is to enrich our thinking about the relation of nature and art within a more comprehensive environmental aesthetics. I focus on a single example, the intersections created by the particular experience of space and time in the paintings of Hiroshi Senju, at the Shofuso Japanese House in Philadelphia. First, I provide a brief introduction to Senju and the work at Shofuso. Next, building on perspectives from within environmental aesthetics and Senju’s own writings, I sketch out a framework for thinking about the …

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Sublime And Anti-Sublime: Reconsidering The Relation Of The Sublime To Technology, Konstantinos Vassiliou Jan 2017

Sublime And Anti-Sublime: Reconsidering The Relation Of The Sublime To Technology, Konstantinos Vassiliou

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

The aesthetic notion of the sublime has been traced in different fields in the growing spheres of technology, capitalism, and digitality. The variable character of the sublime is partly due to the fact that it is identified with specific objects or sources. It can emerge whenever there is an antithesis between the infinite extensions of reason and the limits of the representative faculty. Taking into account this variance, this article seeks to reexamine the relationship of the sublime to technology, especially in view of current digital capabilities. In doing so, I argue that the notion of the sublime involves its …

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Dogs Consciously Experience Emotions: The Question Is, Which?, Ralph Adolphs Jan 2017

Dogs Consciously Experience Emotions: The Question Is, Which?, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

I discuss three themes related to Kujala’s target article. First, the wealth of emerging data on cognitive studies in dogs will surely show that dogs have a very rich repertoire of cognitive processes, for most of which we find homologues in humans. Second, understanding the internal states that mediate social behaviors, such as emotions, requires us to consider both a dog’s behaviors with other dogs, and the emergence of new behavioral patterns in interaction with humans. Third, all of this will certainly narrow the range of justifications for denying that dogs have subjective experiences of emotions.

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Shoring Up The Precautionary Bar, Jon Mallatt Jan 2017

Shoring Up The Precautionary Bar, Jon Mallatt

Animal Sentience

I offer four ways to reinforce Birch’s precautionary principle so it can be used effectively and practically in deciding which animals to cover by legislation for humane treatment: (1) add one more credible indicator of sentience to the BAR rule; (2) use phylogenetic classification, not the outdated Linnaean classification, to test which animal clades have sentience; (3) disentangle the pain of suffering from sentience; and (4) reconsider the sentient status of decapods and insects to remove potential inconsistencies in the proposed framework.

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