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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 1257

Full-Text Articles in Architectural Engineering

Permeation Of Several Gases Through Elastomers, With Emphasis On The Deuterium/Hydrogen Pair, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, W. J. Koros, R. L. Nolen, J. R. Carnes Jan 1993

Permeation Of Several Gases Through Elastomers, With Emphasis On The Deuterium/Hydrogen Pair, M. (Mark) W. Fitch, W. J. Koros, R. L. Nolen, J. R. Carnes

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Diffusion and Permeation Coefficients for He, H2, D2, O2, and N2 in a Variety of Elastomers Were Measured by Simple Manometric Methods. the Elastomers Studied Were Butyl Rubber; Hypalon® 40 and 45; Viton® E60 and GF; Hydrin® 100 and Filled Hydrin® 100; Kraton® G, FG, and KG VTEOS; EPDM; Epoxidized Natural Rubber; and Neoprene. Consistent with Earlier Studies, Elastomers with Higher Glass Transition Temperatures Exhibited Lower Diffusion Coefficients. the Ratio of Diffusion Coefficients of the Hydrogen Isotope Pair Differed from the Purely Molecular‐weight‐based Prediction. Deuterium's Slightly Smaller Size Relative to Hydrogen is Consistent with Observed Deviations from the Molecular‐weight‐based …

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Mineralization And Uptake Of Triazine Pesticide In Soil-Plant Systems, Dhileepan R. Nair, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Louis A. Licht, Jerald L. Schnoor Jan 1993

Mineralization And Uptake Of Triazine Pesticide In Soil-Plant Systems, Dhileepan R. Nair, Joel G. (Gerard) Burken, Louis A. Licht, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Deep-Rooted Trees Planted as a Buffer Zone Can Intercept Runoff and Eroded Sediments, Thus Reducing Non-Point-Source Pollution Due to Agricultural Chemicals. in This Study, Populus Sp. Were Grown in Bioreactors with an Agricultural Soil (Silt-Loam) and in a Silica-Sand Media; Both Were Spiked with 14C Uniformly Ring-Labeled Atrazine. the Plants Took Up over 11% of the 14C Labeled Atrazine Applied to the Silt-Loam Soil and over 91% of that Applied to the Silica Sand Media, with the Majority of the 14C Accumulating as Nonphytotoxic Metabolites in the Leaves. Research Suggests that, in Addition to Nutrient Uptake, Poplar …

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Computed Versus Observed Inelastic Seismic Low-Rise Rc Shear Walls, Franklin Y. Cheng, G. E. Mertz, M. S. Sheu, J. F. Ger Jan 1993

Computed Versus Observed Inelastic Seismic Low-Rise Rc Shear Walls, Franklin Y. Cheng, G. E. Mertz, M. S. Sheu, J. F. Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A technique of calculating inelastic deformation of low-rise shear walls having height-width ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 without boundary elements is presented with consideration of the coupling effect for bending and shear deformations as well as the deformation due to base rotation. An interaction surface of moment, shear, and curvature or moment, shear, and shear strain is developed. The deflections at crack, yield, and ultimate loadings can be calculated separately from bending and shear deformations, which are compared favorably with experimental results. The shear deformation is significant for the low-rise walls studied because the deformation due to bending deformation is …

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Postbreakage Behavior Of Heat Strengthened Laminated Glass Under Wind Effects, Chris P. Pantelides, Amy D. Horst, Joseph E. Minor Jan 1993

Postbreakage Behavior Of Heat Strengthened Laminated Glass Under Wind Effects, Chris P. Pantelides, Amy D. Horst, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of a full-scale experimental investigation into the post breakage behavior of heat-strengthened laminated glass subjected to windstorm effects are presented. Two different interlayer constructions and two different glazing configurations are examined. The two interlayer constructions are a PVB polymer and a PVB/PET/PBV composite polymer. The two glazing configurations are a conventional dry glazed system and an unconventional system with a silicone anchor bead. Two test criteria are established that relate to effects of a severe windstorm. The first criterion addresses impact with windborne debris; the second defines a wind-load spectrum that represents a severe windstorm of a 4-hr duration. …

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Collapse Behavior Of Pino Suarez Building During 1985 Mexico City Earthquake, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng, Le Wu Lu Jan 1993

Collapse Behavior Of Pino Suarez Building During 1985 Mexico City Earthquake, Jeng Fuh Ger, Franklin Y. Cheng, Le Wu Lu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the investigation of the collapse behavior of a 22-story steel building during the September 19, 1985, Mexico City earthquake by studying hysteretic behavior, ductility factors of individual structural components, and overall instability of the building. Extensive inelastic analyses have been performed for the building by using the multicomponent seismic input of actual Mexico City earthquake records. It was found that the structural response exceeds the original design ductility of this building, and most girders in the building have severe inelastic deformation. Due to the load redistribution that results from ductile girder failure, local buckling occurred in many …

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Simplified Strength Prediction For Cold-Formed C- And Z-Shapes, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1993

Simplified Strength Prediction For Cold-Formed C- And Z-Shapes, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Although cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped members possess a very favorable strength-to-weight ratio, are easily fabricated and erected, and offer a cost-effective structural design solution, they can be highly susceptible to local buckling. To adequately address the impact of the local buckling limit state, a complex, time-consuming design office effort may be required. Therefore, to facilitate the design of such shapes, a study was conducted that focused on developing relatively simple, easy-to-apply design guidelines. The design guidelines address the behavior of cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped members when used as either a flexural member or a compression member. Both edge-stiffened …

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Hands-On Structural Engineering Experiences With The "Anex" Mini-Laboratory, Richard A. Behr, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Azam A. Mirza Dec 1992

Hands-On Structural Engineering Experiences With The "Anex" Mini-Laboratory, Richard A. Behr, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Azam A. Mirza

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ANEX facility has been developed to allow nearly real-time comparisons of analysis results with experimental data gathered on small-scale structural models. ANEX has been used successfully for in-class demonstrations, student-designed experiments, and comprehensive design/build competitions in an introductory structural analysis course at the University of Missouri-Rolla. An expert system is now being developed to guide ANEX users and to act as a trouble-shooter and advisor in the event that analytical and experimental results do not correlate acceptably well. ANEX, using only simple, small-scale model structures, is able to enrich structural engineering instruction by introducing students to the sophisticated capabilities …

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Estimating Uplift Capacity Of Light Steel Roof System, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1992

Estimating Uplift Capacity Of Light Steel Roof System, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Strain Rate On Material Properties Of Sheet Steels, M. Kassar, Wei-Wen Yu Jan 1992

Effect Of Strain Rate On Material Properties Of Sheet Steels, M. Kassar, Wei-Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of strain rate on tensile and compressive mechanical properties of sheet steels is investigated experimentally and analytically. Three sheet steels are studied in both longitudinal and transverse directions under different strain rates and different amounts of prior cold stretching in order to determine the separate effects of strain rate and aging half of the cold-stretched coupons are tested in an average of two days after cold-stretching operation. The remaining half are tested to failure at least 30 days after cold-stretching operation The results show that the proportional limit yield strength and ultimate strength increase with increasing strain rate …

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Effect Of Strain Rate On Cold-Formed Steel Stub Columns, M. Kassar, C. L. Pan, Wei-Wen Yu Jan 1992

Effect Of Strain Rate On Cold-Formed Steel Stub Columns, M. Kassar, C. L. Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The material properties of steel and the strength of steel members are affected by strain rate to investigate this characteristic for compression members 49 stub columns fabricated from 35XF sheet steel and 48 stub columns fabricated from 50XF sheet steel are studied experimentally and analytically under different strain rates The strain rate ranged from 10-5 to 0.1. in./in./sec (10-5 to 0.1 mm/mm/s). The material properties of 35XF and 50XF sheet steels developed from previous tests are used for the evaluation of the test data obtained from the member tests using specimens fabricated from the same sheet steel. The …

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Asce Lrfd Method For Stainless Steel Structures, Shin Hua Lin, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos Jan 1992

Asce Lrfd Method For Stainless Steel Structures, Shin Hua Lin, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, probability-based load-and-resistance-factor-design (LRFD) method has been successfully applied to the design of hot-rolled steel sections and cold-formed steel members in the United States and foreign countries. In order to develop the LRFD criteria for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members and connections, a research project was conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla since 1986 under the sponsorship of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). This newly developed LRFD Specification with Commentary has been adopted by ASCE as a new standard in 1990. It supersedes the 1974 edition of the Specification for the Design of …

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Instability And Collapse Behavior Of A Seismic Structure, Franklin Y. Cheng, Jeng Fuh Ger Jan 1991

Instability And Collapse Behavior Of A Seismic Structure, Franklin Y. Cheng, Jeng Fuh Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The collapse behavior of a 22-story steel building during the September 19, 1985, Mexico earthquake is investigated by studying hysteretic behavior, ductility factors of individual structural components, and overall instability of the building. The hysteresis models for truss-type girders, bracing members, and box columns to be used in the inelastic analysis of this building are developed. A series of inelastic analyses have been performed for the building by using the multicomponent seismic input of actual Mexico City earthquake records. It was found that the structural response exceeds the original design ductility of this building because most girders in the building …

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Uplift Capacity Of Z-Purlins, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1991

Uplift Capacity Of Z-Purlins, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Roof systems constructed using cold-formed steel components, i.e., Z-shaped purlins and interconnected roof panels, have become a very popular form of construction. This roof system is used extensively for single-story commercial and industrial buildings in the United States. The popularity of cold-formed steel members is due in part to their superior gravity load strength-to-weight ratio; however, because of their relatively light weight, a cold-formed member is very susceptible to wind uplift loading. The design specification in the United States for cold-formed steel construction does not provide a comprehensive analytical solution to the problem of wind uplift strength of a cold-formed …

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Cold-Formed Steel Z-Sections With Sloping Edge Stiffness Under Axial Load, Roger A. Laboube Jan 1991

Cold-Formed Steel Z-Sections With Sloping Edge Stiffness Under Axial Load, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Seal Forces In Structural Glazing Systems, C. V.Girija Vallabhan, Gee D. Chou, Joseph E. Minor Jan 1990

Seal Forces In Structural Glazing Systems, C. V.Girija Vallabhan, Gee D. Chou, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Silicone sealants are used as structural connections between the two glass plates in an insulating glass (IG) unit and between the IG unit and the supporting mullion. These connections become an integral part of the entire glazing system, worthy of attention by structural design engineers. Since the behavior of IG units subjected to lateral pressures, such as wind, is highly nonlinear, von Karman plate equations are employed in the mathematical model developed here. Also, since the two thin glass plates are separated by a sealed air space, a complex interaction occurs between the trapped air space and the glass plates. …

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Aisi Lrfd Method For Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, Ling En Hsiao, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos Jan 1990

Aisi Lrfd Method For Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, Ling En Hsiao, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the design of steel buildings, the allowable stress design (ASD) method has long been used for cold-formed steel structural members in the United States Recently, the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) criteria have been developed for steel buildings using hot-rolled shapes and built-up members fabricated from steel plates In order to develop load and resistance factor design (LRFD) criteria for cold-formed steel structural members, a joint research project is conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla, Washington University, and the University of Minnesota under the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute Based on the 1986 edition of …

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Optimum Assessment Of Irregular Three-Dimensional Seismic Buildings, Kevin Z. Truman, Franklin Y. Cheng Jan 1990

Optimum Assessment Of Irregular Three-Dimensional Seismic Buildings, Kevin Z. Truman, Franklin Y. Cheng

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A structural optimization algorithm based on an optimality criteria approach is presented for three-dimensional, statically and dynamically loaded steel or reinforced concrete structures. The theoretical work is presented in terms of scaling, sensitivity analyses, optimality criteria, and Lagrange multiplier determination. The structures can be subjected to a combination of static and dynamic displacement and stress, and natural frequency constraints. The dynamic analyses are based upon the ATC-03 provisions for equivalent lateral force and modal analysis procedures, or multicomponent response spectra modal analyses. Using the algorithm presented, a computer program called ODRESB-3D was developed for analysis and design of various building …

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Cost Comparison Of Timber, Steel, And Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Richard A. Behr, E. J. Cundy, C. H. Goodspeed Jan 1990

Cost Comparison Of Timber, Steel, And Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Richard A. Behr, E. J. Cundy, C. H. Goodspeed

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study was undertaken to investigate the economics of timber bridge superstructures versus traditional steel/concrete and prestressed concrete alternatives in the short-span range of 20 to 60 ft (6.1-18.3 m). Only superstructure costs were considered because substructure and abutment costs are highly site-specific. A lack of definitive data regarding service lives and maintenance costs precluded a life-cycle cost study; thus, only initial costs were compared. Representative superstructure designs were obtained for timber, steel/concrete, and prestressed concrete bridges at 20-, 40-, and 60-ft spans. Five to six northern New England general contractors performed cost estimates on these designs. Also, nine timber …

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Revised Method Of Approximate Structural Analysis, Richard A. Behr, E. J. Grotton, C. A. Dwinal Jan 1990

Revised Method Of Approximate Structural Analysis, Richard A. Behr, E. J. Grotton, C. A. Dwinal

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Failure Strengths Of Laminated Glass, Joseph E. Minor, Patrick L. Reznik Jan 1990

Failure Strengths Of Laminated Glass, Joseph E. Minor, Patrick L. Reznik

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Laminated glass used in architectural glazing comprises two layers of glass connected by a thin interlayer of polyvinyl butyral. Previously reported nondestructive experimental stress analyses offer evidence that laminated glass behaves like monolithic glass of the same nominal thickness except when temperatures are high. This evidence has been augmented to include failure behavior by destructive tests of a large number of laminated-glass specimens. Test results reveal that failure strengths of annealed laminated-glass specimens are equal to failure strengths of annealed monolithic glass specimens of the same nominal thickness at room temperature and decrease to about 75% of monolithic-glass strength at …

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Lateral Load Behavior Of Pile Group In Sand, Shamsher Prakash Jan 1990

Lateral Load Behavior Of Pile Group In Sand, Shamsher Prakash

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Knowledge-Based Prototype For Improving Scheduling Productivity, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Daniel L. Babcock, N. B. Yunus, John B. Kincaid Jan 1990

Knowledge-Based Prototype For Improving Scheduling Productivity, Colin Othniel Benjamin, Daniel L. Babcock, N. B. Yunus, John B. Kincaid

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The development of efficient construction plans and schedules presents continuing challenges to construction schedulers. Knowledge-based systems offer considerable potential as computer-based planning tools to aid the development of realistic project plans and schedules. This paper outlines the development of a knowledge-based prototype system for construction planning and scheduling and evaluates its effectiveness as a tool for improving the productivity of inexperienced construction project schedulers. The prototype, developed using the M.1 knowledge engineering shell, incorporates data bases, algorithm, and heuristics that mimic the decision process of expert construction project schedulers and identifies a work breakdown structure and precedence relationships. Inexperienced schedulers …

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Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. Ii: Kinetic Model, Bill T. Ray, Ju-Chang Huang, Brian A. Dempsey Jan 1989

Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. Ii: Kinetic Model, Bill T. Ray, Ju-Chang Huang, Brian A. Dempsey

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model has been developed to describe the gas production and soluble-COD variations from the digestion of waste-activated sludge in the anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor. It indicates that a substantial rate increase can be attained by prehydrolysis of the biological sludge, external to the reactor. The model indicates that the rate-limiting step is in the sludge hydrolysis. The model is developed from an assumption of first-order kinetics in a set of series and parallel, irreversible reactions. That is, the formation of soluble substrate is first order with respect to the particulate biomass present, and that the production of methane is first …

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Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. I: Lab Performance Data, Ju-Chang Huang, Bill T. Ray, Yao Jiang Huang Jan 1989

Sludge Digestion By Anaerobic Fluidized Beds. I: Lab Performance Data, Ju-Chang Huang, Bill T. Ray, Yao Jiang Huang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study was undertaken to evaluate the laboratory performance of the anaerobic fluidized bed digesting secondary biological sludge at 35° C with four hydraulic-retention times (HRTs): 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 days. In addition, the effects of both operating temperature (15° C, 25° C and 35° C) and the initial sludge solubilization on the digester performance were also examined. It was found that at 35° C, an adequate degree of sludge digestion was obtainable with an HRT of only 1-2 days if the influent biological sludge was presolubilized by treatment with 17.5 meq/L of sodium hydroxide. If no presolubilization was …

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Cyclic Lateral Loading Of A Large-Scale Pile Group, Shamsher Prakash, K. Sreerama, Sally Prakash Jan 1989

Cyclic Lateral Loading Of A Large-Scale Pile Group, Shamsher Prakash, K. Sreerama, Sally Prakash

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Web-Crippling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams, C. Santaputra, M. B. Parks, Wei-Wen Yu Jan 1989

Web-Crippling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams, C. Santaputra, M. B. Parks, Wei-Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The structural behavior of high-strength cold-formed steel beams subjected primarily to web crippling is investigated analytically and experimentally. Hat sections and I-beams, formed from five different types of high-strength sheet steels, are investigated under various loading conditions. In addition to the test data gathered in this phase of study, the experimental results obtained from the beam tests conducted at various companies are carefully evaluated. The evaluation indicates that the present available design criteria are not suitable for high-strength materials with yield strengths exceeding 80 ksi (552 MPa). New design formulas are derived for different types of loading conditions on the …

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Recursive Optimization For Seismic Steel Frames, Franklin Y. Cheng, D. S. Juang Jan 1989

Recursive Optimization For Seismic Steel Frames, Franklin Y. Cheng, D. S. Juang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The theoretical derivations and numerical procedures used in the computer program ODSEWS-2D-II for the analysis and optimum design of two-dimensional regular and irregular steel frames subjected to static, earthquake, and wind forces are presented. The seismic input can be interacting ground motions of actual earthquake records, various response spectra, and different building provisions of the Uniform Building Code (UBC), ATC-03 in the United States, and TJ-11 in China. Included are the mathematical formulation based on the consistent mass and the displacement method with consideration of geometric nonlinearity, three levels of recursive optimization procedures, the objective function of minimum construction and …

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Permeability Of Clays Under Organic Permeants, Janardanan O. Uppot, Richard Wesley Stephenson Jan 1989

Permeability Of Clays Under Organic Permeants, Janardanan O. Uppot, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Magnesium Montmorillonite and a Kaolinite Clay Are Subjected to Organic and Inorganic Permeants to Study the Changes in Permeability Caused by the Reaction between Clays and Permeants. the Permeants Are Acetic Acid, Aniline, Methanol, and Xylene. Tests Are Conducted in Specially Designed and Constructed Flexible Wall Permeameters that Provide Precise Measurements of Pressures and Flows. Increases in Clay Permeability Due to Clay-Permeant Chemical Reactions Are Measured to Be on the Order of Two to Three Times the Original Permeability. This is in Contrast to the 100 to 1,000 Times Increases Reported by Others. the Writers Believe that the Large …

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Optimal Design Rules Applied To The Design Of High-Speed Mechanisms Under Deflection And Stress Constraints, Frank W. Liou, Jenny Liu Jan 1989

Optimal Design Rules Applied To The Design Of High-Speed Mechanisms Under Deflection And Stress Constraints, Frank W. Liou, Jenny Liu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Presented in this paper are two approaches for the design of flexible mechanisms under stress and deflection constraints. Based on the optimality conditions derived in this paper, two procedures are developed to design the minimum weight of mechanisms subject to stress and deflection limitations. The first procedure is the improvement of Thornton's design process r 17), and the second procedure is based on the interpolation technique. Several design examples are also presented to demonstrate these methods.

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A General Correction For Spontaneous Potential Well Logs In Fresh Water, Cary L. Mcconnell Jun 1988

A General Correction For Spontaneous Potential Well Logs In Fresh Water, Cary L. Mcconnell

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A generalized empirical relationship was found which corrects spontaneous potential (SP) readings from well logs run in freshwater wells. The function was found by correlating measured and calculated spontaneous potentials. The calculated values are based on actual measured ionic content of groundwaters and are fully corrected for environmental effects and ion species. Without the empirical relationship the electrically equivalent to an NaCl solution resistivity, Rwe, is generally too low for fresh waters when computed with existing commercially available functions. The low Rwe makes the water appear saltier than it really is. One hundred sixty-two (162) individual formations from one hundred …

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