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Full-Text Articles in Architectural Engineering

Bending Strength Of Hybrid Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Chi Ling Pan, Wei Wen Yu May 2002

Bending Strength Of Hybrid Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Chi Ling Pan, Wei Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

For the purpose of determining the load-carrying capacity of cold-formed steel structural members, the effective width approach has been used. Since most studies were limited only to the structural members, which were assembled from the same material in a given section, this investigation was concentrated on a study of structural strength and behavior of hybrid cold-formed steel beams subjected dynamic loads. An investigation was also conducted to study the validity of effective design width formulas for the design of these specimens. The materials used in this study were 25 AK and 50 SK sheet steels. A total of 72 spot-welded …

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Rehabilitation Of Rectangular Simply Supported Rc Beams With Shear Deficiencies Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni Apr 2002

Rehabilitation Of Rectangular Simply Supported Rc Beams With Shear Deficiencies Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The present study examines the shear performance and modes of failure of rectangular simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) beams designed with shear deficiencies. These members were strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and evaluated in the laboratory. The experimental program consisted of twelve full-scale RC beams tested to fail in shear. The variables investigated within this program included steel stirrups, and the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, as well as amount and distribution of CFRP. The experimental results indicated that the contribution of externally bonded CFRP to the shear capacity was significant. The shear capacity was also …

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Effect Of Ph And Gas-Phase Ozone Concentration On The Decolorization Of Common Textile Dyes, Craig D. Adams, Steven Gorg Mar 2002

Effect Of Ph And Gas-Phase Ozone Concentration On The Decolorization Of Common Textile Dyes, Craig D. Adams, Steven Gorg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the effect of pH (2, 5, and 9) and gas-phase ozone concentration (1, 7, and 11 wt. %) on the decolorization efficiency via ozonation for seven common textile dyes. Higher gas-phase ozone concentrations resulted in higher decolorization rates due to more rapid ozone transfer. Higher gas-phase ozone concentration, however, was also observed to have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on ozone dose requirements for different dyes. In general, greater ozone utilization efficiency was achieved at lower pH levels where direct ozone reactions predominate. It was observed that because ozonation …

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Removal Of Antibiotics From Surface And Distilled Water In Conventional Water Treatment Processes, Craig D. Adams, Yang Wang, K. Loftin, M. Meyer Mar 2002

Removal Of Antibiotics From Surface And Distilled Water In Conventional Water Treatment Processes, Craig D. Adams, Yang Wang, K. Loftin, M. Meyer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Conventional drinking water treatment processes were evaluated under typical water treatment plant conditions to determine their effectiveness in the removal of seven common antibiotics: carbadox, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and trimethoprim. Experiments were conducted using synthetic solutions prepared by spiking both distilled/ deionized water and Missouri River water with the studied compounds. Sorption on Calgon WPH powdered activated carbon, reverse osmosis, and oxidation with chlorine and ozone under typical plant conditions were all shown to be effective in removing the studied antibiotics. Conversely, coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation with alum and iron salts, excess lime/soda ash softening, ultraviolet irradiation at disinfection dosages, and …

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Optimal Placement Of Dampers And Actuators Based On Stochastic Approach, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang, Xiaozhe Zhang Jan 2002

Optimal Placement Of Dampers And Actuators Based On Stochastic Approach, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang, Xiaozhe Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A general method is developed for optimal application of dampers and actuators by installing them at optimal location on seismic-resistant structures. The study includes development of a statistical criterion, formulation of a general optimization problem and establishment of a solution procedure. Numerical analysis of the seismic response in time-history of controlled structures is used to verify the proposed method for optimal device application and to demonstrate the effectiveness of seismic response control with optimal device location. This study shows that the proposed method for the optimal device application is simple and general, and that the optimally applied dampers and actuators …

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Biological Fixed Film Systems, Mark W. Fitch, Ellen England Jan 2002

Biological Fixed Film Systems, Mark W. Fitch, Ellen England

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Behavior Of Screw Connections In Residential Construction, Roger A. Laboube, M. A. Sokol Jan 2002

Behavior Of Screw Connections In Residential Construction, Roger A. Laboube, M. A. Sokol

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Self-drilling screws are the primary means of fastening cold-formed steel members in residential construction. Because the fabrication of connections is the most labor-intensive aspect of the construction process, a better understanding of the behavior of screw connections could lead to more optimum connection design. Therefore, studies have been performed at the University of Missouri-Rolla aimed at developing a better understanding of the behavior of single-shear connections using self-drilling screws in cold-formed steel construction. The study's focus was on design parameters typically employed in residential construction. Fastener patterns, screw spacing, stripped screws, and the number of screws in a connection was …

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Smooth Static And Dynamic Indentation Of A Cantilever Beam, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg Dec 2001

Smooth Static And Dynamic Indentation Of A Cantilever Beam, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The static and dynamic indentation of structural elements such as beams and plates continue to be intriguing problems, especially for scenarios where large area contacts are expected to occur. Standard methods of indentation analyses use a beam theory solution to obtain an overall load-displacement relationship and then a Hertzian contact solution to calculate local stresses under the indenter. However, these techniques are only applicable in a fairly limited class of problems: the stress distribution in the contact region will differ significantly from a Hertzian one when the contact length exceeds the thickness of the beam. The indentation models developed herein …

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Practical Issues For The Application Of High-Performance Concrete To Highway Structures, John J. Myers, Yumin Yang Nov 2001

Practical Issues For The Application Of High-Performance Concrete To Highway Structures, John J. Myers, Yumin Yang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, the advantages of high-performance concrete (HPC) have been well documented. Among others, these advantages include enhanced design flexibility and improved durability performance that results in reduced maintenance costs and an increased service life. Despite these obvious benefits, the implementation of HPC has been very slow. This can be attributed to several factors including the uncertainty related to current design codes and a lack of familiarity of designers and contractors with practices and requirements for proper design and construction of high-performance concrete structures. This paper introduces and discusses several fundamental issues that affect the implementation of HPC and …

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Pilot Study: Lateral Braced C-Sections Under Bending, B. Beshara, Roger A. Laboube Oct 2001

Pilot Study: Lateral Braced C-Sections Under Bending, B. Beshara, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The overall behavior under uniform load of cold-formed steel C-sections assemblies was investigated. Each test assembly consisted of C-sections acting as beams having a track section to restrain its ends. A lateral brace to restrain the C-sections from rotation was provided at mid-span. To better understand the influence of the brace on the flexural behavior, an experimental investigation was carried out with particular emphasis placed on the study of the effect of the mid-span brace connection when wallboard was attached to the tension flange. The tested moment capacities are compared to predictions based on the 1996 edition American Iron and …

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Benzene Toxicity And Removal In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Joel Gerard Burken, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Juel S. Gibbons Jul 2001

Benzene Toxicity And Removal In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Joel Gerard Burken, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Juel S. Gibbons

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hybrid Poplar Cuttings Were Shown to Impact the Fate and Transport of Subsurface Benzene, While Toxicity to the Poplars Was Not Observed. Laboratory Experiments Investigated the Toxicity Response of Poplar Cuttings to Benzene Exposure, Contaminant Distribution in Plant Tissues, Contaminant Degradation in the Soil Profile, and Contaminant Volatilization from the Soil and Plant Tissues. Two Separate Studies Were Conducted to Evaluate These Parameters. the First Study Examined the Toxicity of Benzene to Hybrid Poplar Cuttings in Batch Reactors. Poplar Cuttings Were Exposed to Various Concentrations of Benzene Contaminated Water in Two Different Types of Soil. Transpiration Rates Were Measured as …

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Asymmetric Low-Velocity Impact Of A Finite Layer, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg May 2001

Asymmetric Low-Velocity Impact Of A Finite Layer, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamic indentation of structural elements such as beams and plates continues to be an intriguing problem, especially for scenarios where large area contacts can occur. Standard methods of indentation analysis typically use a dynamic beam theory solution to obtain an overall load-displacement relationship and then a Hertzian contact solution to determine local stresses under the impactor. However, previous static and dynamic modeling efforts have shown that the stress distribution in the contact region will differ significantly from a Hertzian one when the contact length exceeds the thickness of the beam. In such cases point contact can no longer be …

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Strain Rate And Aging Effect On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels, Chi Ling Pan, Shaojie Wu, Wei Wen Yu May 2001

Strain Rate And Aging Effect On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels, Chi Ling Pan, Shaojie Wu, Wei Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study was primarily involved with the experimental determination of the dynamic mechanical properties of five different sheet steels. The nominal yield strengths of these five types of sheet steels ranged from 172 to 690 MPa (25-100 ksi) and the range of strain rates varied from 10-4 to 1.0 mm/mm/s. All these five materials were studied in both longitudinal and transverse directions under various strain rates, and some materials were also tested under different strain rates and different amounts of prior cold stretching. In addition, two types of steels were tested to estimate the aging effect on the mechanical properties …

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Diagnostic Load Testing Of Two-Way Posttensioned Concrete Slab, Antonio Nanni, M. Mettemeyer May 2001

Diagnostic Load Testing Of Two-Way Posttensioned Concrete Slab, Antonio Nanni, M. Mettemeyer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Diagnostic load testing techniques have been used to verify in situ that existing structures have the required load-carrying capacity. This paper discusses the diagnostic load testing and finite-element modeling of a two-way posttensioned concrete slab with the purpose of illustrating the features of this full-scale testing method. The slab was modeled using a commercial finite-element package and the results were verified experimentally. The test loads were applied using hydraulic jacks. Negative internal bending moments were generated at critical locations equivalent to those produced by a 92 psf (4.40 kPa) superimposed uniformly distributed load. Positive internal bending moments were also produced …

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Self-Monitoring, Pseudo-Ductile, Hybrid Frp Reinforcement Rods For Concrete Applications, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni, J. A. Terosky, S. W. Koehler May 2001

Self-Monitoring, Pseudo-Ductile, Hybrid Frp Reinforcement Rods For Concrete Applications, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni, J. A. Terosky, S. W. Koehler

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The feasibility of hybrid -fiber-reinforced-polymer rods that demonstrate the important safety features of self-monitoring capability and pseudo-ductility is demonstrated. The rods are intended to be the basis of improved pultruded reinforcements for concrete or other civil applications where safety is of critical importance. The lowest elongation fiber in the seven rods investigated is carbon, which by virtue of its piezo resistivity allows the monitoring of deformation and fracture throughout an entire rod with simple electronic equipment. Resistance measurements obtained during quasi-static tests clearly reveal failure of the carbon fibers. Following this easily detected event, higher loads can be safely sustained …

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Characterization Of Frp Rods As Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement, Laura De Lorenzis, Antonio Nanni May 2001

Characterization Of Frp Rods As Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement, Laura De Lorenzis, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of near surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rods is a promising technology for increasing flexural and shear strength of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) members. As this technology emerges, the structural behavior of RC elements strengthened with NSM FRP rods needs to be fully characterized. Given the variability of material properties and groove geometry, this requires that the tensile properties of the FRP rod and the mechanics of load transfer between NSM FRP rods and concrete be investigated. Tensile and bond tests on commercially available carbon FRP deformed rods for application as NSM reinforcement were carried out using …

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Motorized Insulated Damper Assembly For Furnace Systems, William Max Kirk, Timothy Wentz Apr 2001

Motorized Insulated Damper Assembly For Furnace Systems, William Max Kirk, Timothy Wentz

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A damper unit is provided that is adapted to be positioned in a furnace duct line. The damper unit has a housing which is in communication with a fresh air source and a furnace system. The housing has a damper blade which is moveable between an open position which allows air flow through the housing and a closed position which prevents air flow through the housing. The blade is coupled with a Solenoid so that when the Solenoid is activated the blade is moved to an open position allowing air flow through the housing. Further, a fan is located in …

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Editor’S Note Advancement Of Phytoremediation, Joel Gerard Burken Mar 2001

Editor’S Note Advancement Of Phytoremediation, Joel Gerard Burken

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Yield Moment Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams Under Different Strain Rates, Chi Ling Pan, Wei Wen Yu Mar 2001

Yield Moment Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams Under Different Strain Rates, Chi Ling Pan, Wei Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It has been recognized that the mechanical properties of sheet steels and the structural strength of cold-formed steel members can be influenced by strain rate. For studying the local and post buckling behavior of stiffened and unstiffened compression elements under a dynamic loading condition, 60 beams, which were assembled from the same material, have been tested under different strain rates. To study the structural behavior of hybrid cold-formed steel beams, a total of 72 specimens was investigated. The results showed that the strength of beams increases with increasing strain rates. The amount of increase was found to be dependent on …

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Permeability Performance Of High-Performance Concrete Subjected To Various Curing Regimes, John J. Myers Jan 2001

Permeability Performance Of High-Performance Concrete Subjected To Various Curing Regimes, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Concrete technology has continued to advance throughout the years to meet the demands of designers and innovative structural systems. Traditionally, the most common means to specify durable concrete has been via specifying a maximum water-to-cementitious material ratio or a minimum cement content. With the advent of high-performance concrete (HPC), which often has higher contents of cementitious materials and a variety of admixtures, questions about permeability performance and alternative methods to specify durable concrete have arisen. The study conducted herein comments on the applicability of prescriptive specifications for HPC and investigates the influence of curing regimes and concrete temperature development during …

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Development Of A Building Electrical Power Systems Design Specialty, Glenn T. Wrate Jan 2001

Development Of A Building Electrical Power Systems Design Specialty, Glenn T. Wrate

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

Enrollment in Electrical Power Engineering courses has been in a steady decline, and many institutions have dropped power and energy conversion courses. At the same time, the demand for engineers in the field has remained constant, and in some cases has increased significantly. To meet the demand for engineers in the electrical construction sector, the Milwaukee School of Engineering and local industry have worked together to develop a sequence of courses for a Building Electrical Power Systems Design Specialty in the Architectural Engineering program. This sequence includes four courses from the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department: Electrical Systems, and …

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Composites In Construction: Present Situation And Priorities For Future Research, Antonio Nanni, Edoardo Cosenza, Gaetano Manfredi, Andrea Prota Jan 2001

Composites In Construction: Present Situation And Priorities For Future Research, Antonio Nanni, Edoardo Cosenza, Gaetano Manfredi, Andrea Prota

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper was written at the conclusion of the International Workshop titled "Composites for Construction: A Reality," held in Capri, Italy, July 20-21, 2001. Its objective is to collect and summarize main ideas, opinions, evaluations, and proposals that emerged during the discussions held by the participants at break-up and general sessions. For simplicity, the reporting follows the order of such sessions and includes elements from the general sessions when applicable. The paper is intended to help professionals and scientists interested in the study and implementation of composites for the built infrastructure by providing a vivid snapshot of the state-of-the-art situation, …

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Experimental Procedure For Testing Of Piles Under Varying Axial And Lateral Loads, Pedro Franco Silva, F. Seible Jan 2001

Experimental Procedure For Testing Of Piles Under Varying Axial And Lateral Loads, Pedro Franco Silva, F. Seible

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A research program was carried out at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) to study the seismic response of piles and their connections to the pier cap. As part of this research program, an experimental procedure for testing of piles under simulated seismic loading was developed. This experimental procedure was implemented in a research program to test the as-built piles of the San Diego Coronado Bay Bridge piles in order to validate the design criteria recommended by the design team for the seismic retrofit of the Coronado Bay Bridge.

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Guides And Specifications For The Use Of Composites In Concrete And Masonry Construction In North America, Antonio Nanni Jan 2001

Guides And Specifications For The Use Of Composites In Concrete And Masonry Construction In North America, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper covers the latest developments in the preparation of design guidelines, construction specifications, and inspection and quality control recommendations related to the use of composites in construction. The forms of FRP composites addressed are limited to bars and laminates for reinforcement of concrete and masonry structures (new construction and repair/rehabilitation). FRP bars are being used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members when the conventional steel bars may be undesirable for a host of reasons (e.g., corrosion), and principles for design and construction have been established and proposed to industry by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). Conversely, strengthening of …

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Simplified Window Glass Design Procedure, H. Scott Norville, Joseph E. Minor Dec 2000

Simplified Window Glass Design Procedure, H. Scott Norville, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a simplified window glass design procedure (SWGDP) as an alternative to the comprehensive window glass design procedure described in ASTM E 1300, `Standard practice for determining the load resistance of glass in buildings.' Although ASTM E 1300 provides a technically robust treatment of the strength of window glass and window glass constructions, architects and engineers will find ASTM E 1300 difficult to use. The SWGDP presented herein uses the same failure prediction methodology to characterize the annealed window glass strength that underlies ASTM E 1300. By reducing the number of basic glass strength charts to one, the …

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Design Methods For Auger Cip Piles In Compression, Giuliana A. Zelada, Richard Wesley Stephenson Dec 2000

Design Methods For Auger Cip Piles In Compression, Giuliana A. Zelada, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Reports on a Study of 43 Compression Load Tests (Five Fully Instrumented) and Ten Pullout Tests of Auger Cast-In-Place (ACIP) Piles in Sand. Eight Design Methods Reported in the Literature Were Used to Predict the Measured Pile Capacities. Ultimate Load Capacities of the ACEP Load Tests Were Determined using Two Different Definitions of Ultimate Capacity and Compared with Predictions. Load Transfer Behavior Was Determined from a Study of the Fully Instrumented Pile Tests and Compared to Predicted Values. Recommendations Are Made Regarding the Design Approach Most Appropriate for These Foundations and the Best Procedure for Estimating Ultimate Capacity …

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Simulation Of Temperature And Stress Fields During Rcc Dam Construction, Ronaldo Luna, Yongfu Wu Sep 2000

Simulation Of Temperature And Stress Fields During Rcc Dam Construction, Ronaldo Luna, Yongfu Wu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The worldwide experience in the construction of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams together with the use of numerical solutions, allows the simulation of different scenarios in a computer. It is well documented that thermal control is one of the most important problems for RCC dam construction. The dam temperature changes due to the heat produced by the internal hydration of concrete and the environmental boundary conditions influencing the elastic modulus and creep properties of concrete. The construction process was simulated to study how the temperature and stress change during dam construction. The numerical methodology considers the effect of temperature on the …

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Improving Shear Capacity Of Existing Rc T-Section Beams Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni Jun 2000

Improving Shear Capacity Of Existing Rc T-Section Beams Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with T-section. Different configurations of externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were used to strengthen the specimens in shear. The experimental program consisted of six full-scale, simply supported beams. One beam was used as a benchmark and five beams were strengthened using different configurations of CFRP. The parameters investigated in this study included wrapping schemes, CFRP amount, 90°/0° ply combination, and CFRP end anchorage. The experimental results show that externally bonded CFRP can increase the shear capacity of the beam significantly. In addition, the results indicated that the …

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Effects Of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment On Aerobic Biodegradability Of Nonionic Surfactants And Polypropylene Glycol, Mehmet Kitis, Craig D. Adams, John Kuzhikannil, Glen T. Daigger Jun 2000

Effects Of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment On Aerobic Biodegradability Of Nonionic Surfactants And Polypropylene Glycol, Mehmet Kitis, Craig D. Adams, John Kuzhikannil, Glen T. Daigger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Studies were conducted which used the ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) advanced oxidation process to pretreat three classes of compounds prior to aerobic biological treatment. The study compounds included ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers, polypropylene glycols (PPGs), linear secondary alcoholethoxylates (LSAES), and alkylphenolethoxylates (APEs). After preoxidation with ozone and hydrogen peroxide (added at their stoichiometric ratio), 300 mg/L as COD samples were bioassayed in aerobic batch bioassays with a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 1500 mg/L. It was found that unoxidized polypropylated compounds (EO/PO block copolymers and PPGs) and LSAEs tended to be biorecalcitrant, …

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Deformation In Concrete With External Cfrp Sheet Reinforcement, Joseph M. Tripi, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby, Antonio Nanni May 2000

Deformation In Concrete With External Cfrp Sheet Reinforcement, Joseph M. Tripi, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A detailed experimental investigation of local and global deformations of tensile loaded, cracked, rectangular, concrete prisms reinforced with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was carried out. High and low modulus sheets were applied using three different thicknesses of epoxy interlayer between the sheet and concrete. It was found that the stiffness of the CFRP sheet had a dominant effect on global tension stiffening, whereas interlayer thickness had a dominant effect on local load transfer and damage formation. Thicker interlayers transferred load into through-cracked concrete over longer transfer zones, thereby increasing the spacing of subsequent cracks in the …

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