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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1257

Full-Text Articles in Architectural Engineering

Lessons Learned From Failures Of The Building Envelope In Windstorms, Joseph E. Minor Mar 2005

Lessons Learned From Failures Of The Building Envelope In Windstorms, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lessons learned from failures of the building envelope in windstorms are encapsulated in three principal findings. the building envelope is crucial to the performance of buildings in windstorms. Windborne debris is decisive in shaping the performance of the building envelope. Design attention should be given to postimpact behavior of building-envelope systems. Reviews of damage documentation, insurance records, and computer simulations of building failures establish the importance of the building envelope to satisfactory building performance. These reviews also establish the decisive role of windborne debris in causing damage. the imperative for considering the postimpact behavior of building envelope systems is discussed, …

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Individual Certification As An Engineering Manager?, Rafael Landaeta, Kawintorn Pothanun, William Peterson Jan 2005

Individual Certification As An Engineering Manager?, Rafael Landaeta, Kawintorn Pothanun, William Peterson

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Several of the discipline specific professional societies are offering or planning to offer certification of individuals as engineering managers. Does this have implications for Engineering Management programs at universities? Other stakeholders (faculty, students, employers, and graduates of engineering management programs) are impacted by certification as well. This paper attempts to look at the issue from several points of view. This paper is intended to provoke a dialog on the topic.

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Mechanical Damping System For Structures, Jay A. Puckett, Patrick S. Mcmanus, Homer R. Hamilton Iii Jan 2005

Mechanical Damping System For Structures, Jay A. Puckett, Patrick S. Mcmanus, Homer R. Hamilton Iii

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A mechanical damping system for a structure is provided. The mechanical damping system comprises a tubular impact frame secured to the structure. A support frame is secured to the structure with the support frame spaced from the impact frame. An elongated member is provided having a first end and a second end. The first end is secured within the support frame and the second end is free from connection and extends into the impact frame. At least one impact mass is secured to the second end of the elongated member, the impact mass movable within and contactable with the impact …

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Or-05-6-4: Relating Human Productivity And Annoyance To Indoor Noise Criteria Systems: A Low Frequency Analysis, Erica Eileen Bowden, Lily M. Wang Jan 2005

Or-05-6-4: Relating Human Productivity And Annoyance To Indoor Noise Criteria Systems: A Low Frequency Analysis, Erica Eileen Bowden, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A number of indoor noise criteria systems are used to quantify the background noise in a built environment, including Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC Mark II), A-weighted Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (LAeq), and others. An on-going debate exists in the acoustical community over which criterion is the most appropriate to use in the variety of ambient noise situations encountered. In an effort to quantitatively support the use of individual criterion, this project subjectively correlates these various criteria with human task performance and perception. Eleven subjects participated in a …

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Field Evaluation Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Frp Composites Subjected To Out-Of-Plane Loading, Gustavo Tumialan, Davide Tinazzi, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni Dec 2004

Field Evaluation Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Frp Composites Subjected To Out-Of-Plane Loading, Gustavo Tumialan, Davide Tinazzi, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls at a decommissioned building in St. Louis, Missouri were tested to failure. the walls belonging to the present experimental program were subjected to out-of-plane loading. Previous work on URM and reinforced masonry walls strengthened with FRP laminates has shown remarkable increases in capacity and ductility. However, most of this research has been conducted under laboratory conditions, where, many times, it is a difficult task to represent real field conditions. in this context, this experimental program offered a singular opportunity for performing field experimentation on URM walls strengthened with Glass, Aramid and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP, …

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Strengthening Of Masonry Structures With Frp Composites, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Francesco Micelli, Antonio Nanni Dec 2004

Strengthening Of Masonry Structures With Frp Composites, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Francesco Micelli, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are prone to failure when subjected to out-of-plane and in-plane loads. the development of effective and affordable strengthening strategies is a need. in this context fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials offer viable solutions to solve or lessen the effects of overloading. This paper describes FRP systems proposed for use in the strengthening of masonry elements as well as the impact of such systems on the building being retrofitted. Also, field applications, some potential and others already implemented applications, are described. Field applications include strengthening for natural hazards (i.e. earthquakes and high wind pressures) as well as …

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Multiobjective Optimization Of Seismic Structures, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li, Jeffrey Ger Dec 2004

Multiobjective Optimization Of Seismic Structures, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li, Jeffrey Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a constrained Mult objective optimization method in the form of a robust, practical, problem-independent formulation based on genetic algorithm combined with game theory and investigates the effect of Mult objective optimization on structural design. the study includes objectives, constraints, and design variables as well as their effect on structural design and behavior. the algorithm comprises - Mult objective fitness function, niche method, and Pareto set filter. a 10-story setback building is used to illustrate the evaluation of three choices: steel frame, reinforced concrete frame, composite steel and reinforced concrete frame. Evaluation is based on economics as well …

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An Assessment Of In-Situ Frp Shear And Flexural Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Joists, Annaiah Raghu, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni Dec 2004

An Assessment Of In-Situ Frp Shear And Flexural Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Joists, Annaiah Raghu, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines the in-situ shear performance and modes of failure of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams (joists) strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. the experimental program consisted of testing a series of nine structural components at the Malcom Bliss Hospital, in St. Louis, Missouri. the members were tested to validate the different systems and techniques of strengthening. in particular, this paper covers cases of U-Wraps with and without end-anchors. the experimental results clearly indicate the contribution of externally bonded CFRP sheets in increasing the shear capacity of the system. the experimental and theoretical shear strength of …

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Overview Of The Japanese Guidelines For Seismic Retrofitting Of Rc Columns Using Frp Materials, Gustavo Tumialan, Hiroshi Fukuyama, Antonio Nanni Dec 2004

Overview Of The Japanese Guidelines For Seismic Retrofitting Of Rc Columns Using Frp Materials, Gustavo Tumialan, Hiroshi Fukuyama, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The increasing uses of FRP materials for the strengthening and upgrade of buildings has motivated the international engineering community to produce guidelines for the proper design, handling and installation of the externally bonded FRP systems. Thus, independent efforts coordinated by different organizations such as the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association (JBDPA) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI) have led to implementing appropriate provisions. the JBDPA guidelines mainly focus on seismic retrofitting of structural elements, which implies the strengthening for shear of deficient structural elements. This paper describes and comments on some of the design approaches provided by the JBDPA guidelines …

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Flexural Strengthening Of Bridge Piers Using Frp Composites, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni Jan 2004

Flexural Strengthening Of Bridge Piers Using Frp Composites, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effectiveness of FRP jackets for increasing the shear capacity and the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was demonstrated in many studies. However, for smaller axial loads, the contribution of FRP jackets to flexural strength is minimal. using FRP sheets in the direction of a column with end anchorage to improve its flexural capacity at the base is not easily achieved. This paper reports on a research project aimed at upgrading the flexural capacity of RC piers using near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP rods. Flexural strengthening and testing to failure of the piers were carried out on a bridge …

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Accuracy And Interferences For Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Tests For Atrazine, Craig D. Adams, Hua Jiang, Michael Mcguire, Nicole Graziano, Alan Roberson, Michelle Frey Jan 2004

Accuracy And Interferences For Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Tests For Atrazine, Craig D. Adams, Hua Jiang, Michael Mcguire, Nicole Graziano, Alan Roberson, Michelle Frey

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, therefore it is a regulatory concern and is extensively monitored in the environment, especially in drinking water. Because of the higher costs of gas chromatography (GC) methods, utility managers and regulators are considering the increased use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for monitoring atrazine. an ELISA test kit was recently approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency. the research in this article points out potential biases and inaccuracies that may occur with such test kits. ELISA test kits for atrazine are typically precise (repeatable) but often …

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An Improved Optimal Elemental Method For Updating Finite Element Models, Zhongdong Duan, B. F. Spencer, Guirong Yan, Jinping Ou Jan 2004

An Improved Optimal Elemental Method For Updating Finite Element Models, Zhongdong Duan, B. F. Spencer, Guirong Yan, Jinping Ou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Optimal Matrix Method and Optimal Elemental Method Used to Update Finite Element Models May Not Provide Accurate Results. This Situation Occurs When the Test Modal Model is Incomplete, as is Often the Case in Practice. an Improved Optimal Elemental Method is Presented that Defines a New Objective Function, and as a Byproduct, Circumvents the Need for Mass Normalized Modal Shapes, Which Are Also Not Readily Available in Practice. to Solve the Group of Nonlinear Equations Created by the Improved Optimal Method, the Lagrange Multiplier Method and Matlab Function Fmincon Are Employed. to Deal with Actual Complex Structures, the Float-Encoding …

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Web Crippling And Combined Bending And Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beam Headers, Sutton F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube Dec 2003

Web Crippling And Combined Bending And Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beam Headers, Sutton F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Beam headers are commonly used in walls framed with cold-formed steel studs to span openings in bearing walls. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla to establish the web crippling strength of both box- and I-beam headers for an interior-one-flange (IOF) loading condition. the beam header specimens were tested as a system consisting of two C-sections together with top and bottom track sections. the header configuration used in this study are defined in the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Header Design (2000). Tested as a system, it was found that the web …

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Characterizing Debris Clouds Created In Oblique Orbital Debris Particle Impact, D. Depczuk, William P. Schonberg Oct 2003

Characterizing Debris Clouds Created In Oblique Orbital Debris Particle Impact, D. Depczuk, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The problem of pollution within Earth's orbital environment has gained considerable recognition over the past decades. Determining adequate passive protection schemes is an unending process that attempts to meet different objectives for widely varying types of missions. Significant amounts of resources have been expended toward development of numerical and analytical models that model the response of a variety of target systems under high-speed orbital debris impacts. the objective of the study whose results are presented herein was to improve upon an existing oblique hypervelocity impact model that characterizes the various secondary debris clouds created in such an impact. This was …

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North American Design Guidelines For Concrete Reinforcement And Strengthening Using Frp: Principles, Applications And Unresolved Issues, Antonio Nanni Sep 2003

North American Design Guidelines For Concrete Reinforcement And Strengthening Using Frp: Principles, Applications And Unresolved Issues, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reports on the North American state-of-the-art in the use of FRP composites in concrete structures. for new construction, FRP bars have been used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members to replace conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons. the principles for design and construction have been established and proposed to industry by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). for repair and upgrade, strengthening of concrete members with externally bonded FRP laminates or near surface mounted (NSM) bars has received remarkable attention. the design and construction principles for use in practice are being finalized by ACI. on the …

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Modeling And Control Of Vinyl Chloride In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Michael Beardsley, Craig D. Adams Sep 2003

Modeling And Control Of Vinyl Chloride In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Michael Beardsley, Craig D. Adams

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In water distribution systems containing PVC pipe manufactured in the "early era" (prior to 1977), vinyl chloride can leach into drinking water resulting in vinyl chloride concentrations exceeding the 2 μg·L-1 maximum contaminant level. Field testing of dead-end segments of water distribution systems consisting of early-era PVC pipe was conducted to examine their initial intrapipe vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) concentrations based on a Fickian-diffusion-Based leaching model. the experiments showed a wide range of VCM concentrations within early-era PVC pipe ranging from less than 50 to more than 600 mg·kg-1. based on the diffusion modeling approach, a protocol was designed that …

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Field Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Nestore Galati, Antonio Nanni Aug 2003

Field Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Nestore Galati, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with composites were tested to failure at a decommissioned building in St. Louis, Missouri. the walls were subjected to out-of-plane loading. Previous work on URM as well as reinforced masonry walls strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates has shown remarkable increases in capacity and ductility. However, most of this research work has been conducted in the laboratory, where it is difficult to reproduce real field conditions. in this context, this experimental program offered a unique opportunity for performing field experimentation on URM walls strengthened FRP laminates showing that shear compression led to controlling the …

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Tensile Characterization Of Frp Rods For Reinforced Concrete Structures, F. Micelli, Antonio Nanni Jul 2003

Tensile Characterization Of Frp Rods For Reinforced Concrete Structures, F. Micelli, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of FRP rods as an internal or external reinforcement in new or damaged concrete structures is based on the development of design equations that take into account the mechanical properties of FRP material systems. the measurement of mechanical characteristics of FRP requires a special anchoring and protocol, since it is well known that these characteristics depend on the direction and content of fibers. in this study, an effective tensile test method is described for the mechanical characterization of FRP rods. Twelve types of glass and carbon FRP specimens with different sizes and surface characteristics were tested to validate …

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Mass Transfer And Benzene Removal From Air Using Latex Rubber Tubing And A Hollow-Fiber Membrane Module, Mark W. Fitch, Jeffrey Neeman, Ellen England Mar 2003

Mass Transfer And Benzene Removal From Air Using Latex Rubber Tubing And A Hollow-Fiber Membrane Module, Mark W. Fitch, Jeffrey Neeman, Ellen England

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Dense-Phase Latex Rubber Tube and a Polyporous Propylene Hollow-Fiber Membrane Module (HFMM) Were Investigated for Control of Benzene-Contaminated Gas Streams. the Abiotic Mass Flux Observed through the Latex Tube Was 3.9-13 Mg/(Min·m2) for 150 Ppm of Benzene at Various Gas and Liquid Flow Rates, While a 100-Fold Lower Mass Flux Was Observed in the HFMM. after Seeding with an Aromatic-Degrading Culture Enriched from Activated Sludge, the Observed Removal Was 80% of 150 Ppm, Corresponding to a Mass Flux of 45 Mg/(Min·m2). the Observed Mass Flux through the HFMM during Biofiltration Also Rose, to 0.4 Mg/(Min·m2). Because the HFMM Had …

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Remediation Of A Sinkhole Induced By Quarrying, Thomas J. Abkemeier, Richard Wesley Stephenson Jan 2003

Remediation Of A Sinkhole Induced By Quarrying, Thomas J. Abkemeier, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

On the Morning of April 28, 1997, a Sinkhole Developed Beneath a Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Track. the Sinkhole Caused the Derailment of 22 Railroad Cars, Spilling Diesel Fuel from the Engines that Ignited, Resulting in a Fire and Injuries to Railroad Personnel. Railroad Personnel Filled the Sinkhole with About 500 Cubic Yards of Rock Fill, and Traffic Resumed While a Subsurface Study Was Carried Out. the Study Resulted in a Grouting Program Where 40 to 50 Cubic Yards of Grout Were Injected into the Subsurface. in August of 1999, the Track Subsided Again. a Second Investigation Conducted in …

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Energy Performance Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling In Chilled Ceiling Applications In Maritime Temperate Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn Jan 2003

Energy Performance Of Indirect Evaporative Cooling In Chilled Ceiling Applications In Maritime Temperate Climates, Ben Costelloe, Donal Finn

Conference Papers

Evaporative cooling has had limited application in maritime, temperate, climates due to the low levels of cooling water availability which result, when low temperature (5 to 8˚C), convection based, building cooling systems are used. However, the success of "high temperature" radiant cooling, in the form of chilled ceilings, has prompted a review of evaporative cooling in maritime, temperate, conditions. In order to maximize evaporative cooling availability, however, in this application, it is necessary to achieve low wet bulb temperature approach conditions, at viable levels of primary energy consumption. This paper presents the results of experimental research into the energy performance …

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A Simplified Two Dimensional Soil Model For The New Madrid Seismic Zone, Wei Zheng, Ronaldo Luna Jan 2003

A Simplified Two Dimensional Soil Model For The New Madrid Seismic Zone, Wei Zheng, Ronaldo Luna

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is one of the most seismically susceptible areas in United States. Deep alluvial soil deposit of the Mississippi Embayment overlies the NMSZ, which remains a major uncertainty for site response analysis. based on the experiment data, a simple constitutive soil model is developed to take into account the influence of the effective confining pressure on the shear modulus degradation and the viscous damping development in soil, and also the shear strain and the plasticity index. This model is implemented into a two-dimensional finite element code in the time domain. the Rayleigh viscous damping scheme …

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Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams At End Supports, M. W. Holesapple, Roger A. Laboube Jan 2003

Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams At End Supports, M. W. Holesapple, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This investigation focused on the effects of overhang length on the web crippling capacity of cold-formed steel members. the current design recommendations in North America do not provide for an increase in web crippling capacity for end-one-flange loading when an overhang is present beyond the end support. the test specimens used for the investigation were single web C-sections and Z-sections. the current design requirements for end-one-flange web crippling capacity were found to be conservative for overhang lengths ranging from 0.5 h to 1.5 h , where h is the web depth. However, the design practice that permits the application of …

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Strengthening Of Short Shear Span Reinforced Concrete T Joists With Fiber-Reinforced Plasic Composites, Francesco Micelli, Raghu H. Annaiah, Antonio Nanni Nov 2002

Strengthening Of Short Shear Span Reinforced Concrete T Joists With Fiber-Reinforced Plasic Composites, Francesco Micelli, Raghu H. Annaiah, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, the results of an experimental study conducted in a 1964-vintage building are presented. Twelve reinforced concrete (RC) T-joists strengthened with fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites were loaded until failure in a short shear span configuration. Different strengthening schemes, including different FRP materials and a new FRP anchorage system, were adopted in order to compare the performance of the different installations. Carbon FRP and aramid FRP sheets in an epoxy matrix were bonded to the RC joists using the wet layup technique. All of the joists were loaded close to one end support and showed similar cracking patterns at …

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Strengthening And Load Testing Of Three Bridges In Boone County, Missouri, S. Schiebel, R. Parretti, Antonio Nanni, M. Huck Nov 2002

Strengthening And Load Testing Of Three Bridges In Boone County, Missouri, S. Schiebel, R. Parretti, Antonio Nanni, M. Huck

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Three bridges in Boone County, Missouri - Brown School Road, Coats Lane, and Creasy Springs Bridges - were selected for strengthening with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer laminates in both shear and flexure. The objective of the rehabilitation program was to remove the 15-ton load posting that had been imposed on each of the bridges. To verify the results of the upgrade, load tests were performed before and after strengthening on two of the bridges - Brown School Road and Coats Lane Bridges. This paper presents the procedures followed in the design, installation, and load testing of the bridges. A recommendation regarding the …

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Comparison Of Radiated Power From Structurally Different Violins, Lily M. Wang, Courtney B. Burroughs Nov 2002

Comparison Of Radiated Power From Structurally Different Violins, Lily M. Wang, Courtney B. Burroughs

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The acoustic power has been determined from intensity measurements on three structurally different violins: a Scherl and Roth student violin, Hutchins' SUS29S, and Hutchins' mezzo violin SUS 100. While each violin was bowed with an open-frame mechanical bowing machine, the intensity measurements were made by scanning each side of the bowing machine with an intensity probe. One-third octave band sound power levels of the acoustic radiation from each of the three instruments as each of the four open strings is bowed show that the structurally different mezzo violin produces greater power at low frequencies when the lowest (G) string is …

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Review Of Stabilization Of Clays And Expansive Soils In Pavements And Lightly Loaded Structures - History, Practice, And Future, Thomas M. Petry, Dallas N. Little Nov 2002

Review Of Stabilization Of Clays And Expansive Soils In Pavements And Lightly Loaded Structures - History, Practice, And Future, Thomas M. Petry, Dallas N. Little

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Expansive clay soils-those that change significantly in volume with changes in water content-are the cause of distortions to structures that cost taxpayers several billion dollars annually in the United States. Much has been learned about their behavior over the past 60 years, and relatively successful methods have been developed to modify and stabilize them. This paper reviews some of the key advances developed over the past 60 years in improving our understanding of the nature and methods of modifying and stabilizing expansive clay soils. The state of the practice in stabilization is presented, and practical and research needs to help …

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Evaluation And Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening Of Existing Garage: Case Study, Milan Vatovec, Paul L. Kelley, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni Aug 2002

Evaluation And Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening Of Existing Garage: Case Study, Milan Vatovec, Paul L. Kelley, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The concrete-repair fiber reinforced polymer technology emerged in the United States during the past 10 years. Since 1995, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been applied to strengthen concrete decks of a troubled posttensioned garage in Atlanta. During the construction of the garage, design deficiencies were found. A remedial repair, involving heavily reinforced, 7.6 cm (3 in.) thick Gunite (Shotcrete) beams, applied to the underside of the slab between drop panels in the east-west (E-W) direction, was developed in 1984. Since then, delamination of Gunite beams and other structural problems repeatedly occurred. Epoxy injection and other limited repairs were done …

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Strength And Modulus Degradation Of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates From Fiber Misalignment, Xinbao Yang, Antonio Nanni, Stephen B. Haug, Chung Leung Sun Jul 2002

Strength And Modulus Degradation Of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates From Fiber Misalignment, Xinbao Yang, Antonio Nanni, Stephen B. Haug, Chung Leung Sun

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates are being used as external reinforcement for strengthening concrete members. The performance of unidirectional FRP laminates is highly dependent on fiber orientation with respect to applied load direction. In the case of fabrication by manual layup, it is possible to have fiber plies installed with improper orientation. In this project, the degradation of strength and modulus of carbon FRP laminates from fiber misalignment was investigated experimentally using tensile coupons. The specimens consisted of one and two plies of unidirectional carbon FRP impregnated with a two-component epoxy. The misalignment angles varied from 0 to 40° for the …

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Formal Engineering Of Residential Buildings, Joseph E. Minor Jun 2002

Formal Engineering Of Residential Buildings, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The performance of residential buildings during hurricanes is as important as the performance of other buildings. Buildings where people live and where they are likely to be when a hurricane strike must survive. If this premise is accepted, it follows that residential buildings should be afforded a degree of engineering attention that is commensurate with that given to industrial and commercial buildings. Building code authorities have not been blind to this need. In new procedures adopted for hurricane zones in the United States, common sizes and geometric shapes of timber and masonry residential buildings are formally engineered, and associated construction …

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