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Dissolved Silicate And Related Properties Of Some Western North Atlantic And Carribean Waters, Francis A. Richards Jan 1958

Dissolved Silicate And Related Properties Of Some Western North Atlantic And Carribean Waters, Francis A. Richards

Journal of Marine Research

Dissolved silicate, phosphate, nitrate, and oxygen as well as salinity and temperature were observed in several regions around the Antilles Arc and in the Woods Hole-Bermuda area. It is shown that silicate is generally in low concentration in surface waters, where its ratio to phosphate, nitrate and oxygen consumption is variable....

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A Note On Tidal Friction, Gordon Groves, Walter Munk Jan 1958

A Note On Tidal Friction, Gordon Groves, Walter Munk

Journal of Marine Research

The Moon's gravitational torque on the ocean tide has been computed on the basis of Dietrich's cotidal charts. The result is -4.5 × 1023 dynes cm as compared to Heiskanen's (1921) value of -2.9 × 1023 dynes cm based on Sterneck's (1920) charts. Both values are subject to great uncertainty. The observed deceleration of the Moon implies a torque of (-3.9 ± 1.0) × 1023 dyne cm, which is consistent with both foregoing calculations. It is concluded that the deceleration of the Moon's orbital motion and the associated deceleration of the Earth's rotation may be due to oceanic tidal dissipation....

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Effect Of Coriolis Force On Edge Waves (I) Investigation Of The Normal Modes, Robert O. Reid Jan 1958

Effect Of Coriolis Force On Edge Waves (I) Investigation Of The Normal Modes, Robert O. Reid

Journal of Marine Research

Essentially two classes of free edge waves can exist on a sloping continental shelf in the presence of Coriolis force. For small longshore wave length, fundamental waves of the first class behave like Stokes edge waves. However, for great wave lengths (of several hundred kilometers or more) the characteristics of the first class are significantly altered. In the northern hemisphere the phase speed for waves moving to the right (facing shore from the sea) exceeds the speed for waves which move to the left. Also, the group velocity for a given edge wave mode has a finite upper limit....

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Hydrographic And Biological Investigations In Oslofjord By Means Of The Densigraph And The Oxymeter, Ernst Føyn Jan 1958

Hydrographic And Biological Investigations In Oslofjord By Means Of The Densigraph And The Oxymeter, Ernst Føyn

Journal of Marine Research

Oslofjord, which runs in a north-south direction, is about 100 km long from the open sea to Oslo Harbour. About 30 km south of Oslo, where the fjord narrows at Drøbak, there is a threshold with a depth of 19.5 m. Inside (that is, north of this threshold) the maximum depths are 150 m.

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On The Reliability Of Field Measurements Of Temperature And Salinity In The Ocean, Warren S. Wooster, Bruce A. Taft Jan 1958

On The Reliability Of Field Measurements Of Temperature And Salinity In The Ocean, Warren S. Wooster, Bruce A. Taft

Journal of Marine Research

In order to evaluate the reliability of recent field measurements of temperature and salinity we have followed the behavior of certa in pairs of reversing thermometers through many reversals and have examined the distribution of closely spaced measurements of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths. The errors of measurement are comparable to those of the classical expeditions and are small with respect to sampling and other errors in the upper layers of the ocean. The effect of measurement errors on computed values of specific volume anomaly, of geopotential anomaly, and of geostrophic current speed was examined.

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Effects Of A Nonrigid, Impermeable Bottom On Plane Surface Waves In Shallow Water, Herman G. Gade Jan 1958

Effects Of A Nonrigid, Impermeable Bottom On Plane Surface Waves In Shallow Water, Herman G. Gade

Journal of Marine Research

Mutual effects of progressive wave motion in shallow water and in underlaying fluid sediments are discussed, with emphasis on modification of the surface wave. The mathematical model is a layer of inviscid fluid overlaying a viscous fluid of greater density and bounded by a horizontal rigid plane. Solutions for locally periodic, simple harmonic disturbances indicate that wave height decays exponentially with travelled distance....

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Spectral Analysis Of A Sea-Surface Temperature And Atmospheric Pressure Record Off Southern California, Gunnar I. Roden Jan 1958

Spectral Analysis Of A Sea-Surface Temperature And Atmospheric Pressure Record Off Southern California, Gunnar I. Roden

Journal of Marine Research

Sea-surface temperature and atmospheric pressure records during the past 40 years indicate that an inverse relation exists between the temperature at La Jolla, California, and the pressure difference at Lat. 30N, Long. 110--130W. A spectral analysis of these records is made and the energy density, autocorrelation, coherence and phase relations are investigated.

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Observations Of Surface Phenomena In Ocean And Coastal Waters Near Japan, Kiyomitsu Kitano Jan 1958

Observations Of Surface Phenomena In Ocean And Coastal Waters Near Japan, Kiyomitsu Kitano

Journal of Marine Research

Surface phenomena of many kinds were observed from boats and aircraft over the Kuroshio Extension off the coast of Japan and from aircraft in the coastal area from Cape lnubo to Kinkazan. The distribution of these surface phenomena (both natural and artificial) have been correlated with observed oceanic conditions, principally areas of upwelling.

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Measurements Of Slopes Of High-Frequency Wind Waves; Comments On Dr. Cox's Paper, Charles S. Cox Jan 1958

Measurements Of Slopes Of High-Frequency Wind Waves; Comments On Dr. Cox's Paper, Charles S. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

Water-surface slopes due to wind waves have been measured in a laboratory windwave tunnel. In all measurements, nonlinear effects are important for highfrequency wind waves; nonlinear effects noted are: increase of phase velocity due to finite amplitude of gravity waves, trapping of ripples on the leading slope of gravity wavelets, and limitation of slopes after the explosive growth of waves beyond a critical fetch....

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On Some Properties Of The Spectrum Of Wind-Generated Ocean Waves; Comments On Dr. Phillip's Paper, O. M. Phillips Jan 1958

On Some Properties Of The Spectrum Of Wind-Generated Ocean Waves; Comments On Dr. Phillip's Paper, O. M. Phillips

Journal of Marine Research

The resonance theory of wave generation predicts that…

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Some Considerations Of Oxygen Utilization Rates In Puget Sound, Clifford A. Barnes, Eugene E. Collias Jan 1958

Some Considerations Of Oxygen Utilization Rates In Puget Sound, Clifford A. Barnes, Eugene E. Collias

Journal of Marine Research

Concentrationa of dissolved oxygen in tributary basins of the fjord-like Puget Sound region (Washington) have been determined during monthly surveys of water characteristics. By selecting periods when a consideration of conaervative properties suggests that the effects of advection and diffusion are small, the local rates of change in oxygen concentration have been determined; it is assumed that these rates approximate the utilization or consumption rates....

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On The Restricted Distridution Of Two Deep-Sea Fishes, Borophryne Apogon And Stomias Colubrinus, Anton F. Bruun Jan 1958

On The Restricted Distridution Of Two Deep-Sea Fishes, Borophryne Apogon And Stomias Colubrinus, Anton F. Bruun

Journal of Marine Research

The restricted distribution of Borophryne apogon and Stomias colubrinus, both bathypalegic fishes, is notable. Although relatively few specimens have been caught to date, there is good evidence to indicate that their geographical distribution is limited. Knowledge about the epipelagic life of the early stages and about the bathypalegic life of the adolescents and adults of these species has been combined with our recent knowledge of ocean currents in the Pacific (including the Cromwell Current) to provide an explanation of their peculiar distribution.

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Lead Isotopes In Sea Water And Marine Sediments, Tsaihwa J. Chow Jan 1958

Lead Isotopes In Sea Water And Marine Sediments, Tsaihwa J. Chow

Journal of Marine Research

The lead concentration obtained from sea water samples of San Juan Channel, Washington was 0.2 µg/l or less. Leads isolated from Pacific and Atlantic pelagic clay sediments show an isotopic composition similar to that of manganese nodules from the respective oceans. The Pb206 content in the Atlantic lead was more abundant than that in the Pacific lead. This finding agrees with the postulate that the Atlantic lead was derived from rocks which contained high proportions of old granites and that the Pacific lead was from rocks containing high proportions of relatively young basalts.

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Wave Patterns Off Southern California, K. O. Emery Jan 1958

Wave Patterns Off Southern California, K. O. Emery

Journal of Marine Research

Mapping of wave trains during four flights over the ocean off southern California showed the consistent presence of a high 10-second swell from the westnorthwest, of one or two low 3- to 5-second swells from other westerly directions, and of local wind waves; occasionally a low 13-second swell from the west and southwest was also present. Islands reduce the height of swells but produce little discernable crossswell in their lee....

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Determination Of Opal In Marine Sediments, Edward D. Goldberg Jan 1958

Determination Of Opal In Marine Sediments, Edward D. Goldberg

Journal of Marine Research

The opal contents of recent marine sediments are ascertained by conversion of the opal to crystobalite by heating and by a subsequent quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the crystobalite. An opal stratigraphy is evident in Bering Sea deposits. Further, the opal concentrations appear to be covariant with barium, an element previously suggested as indicative of biological productivity in overlying water masses.

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Organic Matter In Sea Water; An Evaluation Of Various Methods For Isolation, Lela M. Jeffrey, Donald W. Hood Jan 1958

Organic Matter In Sea Water; An Evaluation Of Various Methods For Isolation, Lela M. Jeffrey, Donald W. Hood

Journal of Marine Research

Five methods of isolating organic materials from salt solutions are evaluated for applicability in separating organic and inorganic constituents of sea water. A C14-labeled aged algae culture was used as a test solution to determine the effectiveness of various methods of isolating total dissolved organic material. Organic compounds, known to be involved in biological metabolism, were also added to natural sea water to determine the effectiveness of various methods in isolation....

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Radium Content Of Carbonate Shells, F. F. Koczy, Heinz Titze Jan 1958

Radium Content Of Carbonate Shells, F. F. Koczy, Heinz Titze

Journal of Marine Research

Radium determinations have been made for shells from Swedish waters, the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Their Ra/Ca ratio has been estimated and compared to the Ra/Ca ratio in sea water. It was found that, in general, the Ra/Ca ratio is proportional to the Sr/Ca ratio found by Thompson and Chow....

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Some Uses Of Antbiotics In Physiological Experiments In Sea Water, S. M. Marshall, A. P. Orr Jan 1958

Some Uses Of Antbiotics In Physiological Experiments In Sea Water, S. M. Marshall, A. P. Orr

Journal of Marine Research

The oxygen content of sea water can be kept constant by use of antibiotics for periods up to more than a fortnight. With living animals present, the bacteriostatic effect probably lasts for a shorter time. Chloromycetin was the most effective antibiotic used; streptomycin was also satisfactory....

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Relationship Between Metabolic Rate And Body Size In An Elasmobranch (Squalus Suckleyi) And In A Teleost (Ophiodon Elongatus), Austin W. Pritchard, Elisabeth Florey, Arthur W. Martin Jan 1958

Relationship Between Metabolic Rate And Body Size In An Elasmobranch (Squalus Suckleyi) And In A Teleost (Ophiodon Elongatus), Austin W. Pritchard, Elisabeth Florey, Arthur W. Martin

Journal of Marine Research

A method using polyethylene tubing of various sizes and a flow of water commensurate with the size of the specimen has been employed to determine the resting metabolic rates of large fish. With female dogfish, ranging in size from 0.1-9 kg, at about 13° C, there is a linear regression of log metabolic rate on log body weight with a slope calculated at 0.74. The metabolic rates of ling-cod, ranging in body weight from about 0.2-20 kg, gave a slope of 0.78.

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Chemical Composition Of Three Manganese Nodules From The Pacific Ocean, J. P. Riley, Prapas Sinhaseni Jan 1958

Chemical Composition Of Three Manganese Nodules From The Pacific Ocean, J. P. Riley, Prapas Sinhaseni

Journal of Marine Research

Three manganese nodules from the Pacific Ocean have been analysed for 35 elements by using ma.inly spectrophotometric a.nd spectrogra.phic methods. Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, and Pb were found in amounts approaching 1 %, which far exceeds their average concentrations in igneous rocks. On the other hand, elements having readily hydrolysable ions, such as Ga, Sc, Zr, Y, La and Ti, are present only in amounts comparable with their concentrations in igneous rocks....

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Comparison Of Light Distribiution Above And Below Water, John E. Tyler Jan 1958

Comparison Of Light Distribiution Above And Below Water, John E. Tyler

Journal of Marine Research

Recent measurements of natural light distribution in homogeneous lake water have revealed interesting and heretofore unrecorded optical effects in the near-surface layers. These effects are graphically described and explained.

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Effect Of Coriolis Force On Edge Waves (Ii) Specific Examples Of Free And Forced Waves, Kinjiro Kajiura Jan 1958

Effect Of Coriolis Force On Edge Waves (Ii) Specific Examples Of Free And Forced Waves, Kinjiro Kajiura

Journal of Marine Research

Modification of edge waves due to Coriolis force is examined in terms of two specific problems: dispersion of an initial deformation of the water surface; the forced wave due to a moving atmospheric pressure disturbance. In both cases the scale of the disturbance is an important factor, and the larger the scale the larger the effect of Coriolis force.

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The Migration Of Adult Female Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Chincoteague Bay And Adjacent Waters, David G. Cargo Jan 1958

The Migration Of Adult Female Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Chincoteague Bay And Adjacent Waters, David G. Cargo

Journal of Marine Research

A total of 392 adult female blue crabs were tagged at four different points in the Chincoteague Bay area from 31 July to 7 September 1953. Over a period including June 1954, about 25% were recaptured, mostly to the south of the release points. Only three had moved northward, and only two were recaptured outside the area; one in Delaware Bay and one at Oyster, Virginia. Factors that may influence their movements and some ecological considerations are discussed.

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Soluble Iron In Coastal Waters, Taivo Laevastu, Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1958

Soluble Iron In Coastal Waters, Taivo Laevastu, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

Soluble iron, defined as the amount of the element found in a unit volume of millipore-filtered sea water, after oxidation of organic matter, has been determined on samples collected in insh!Jre waters of the State of Washington. After filtration the samples were oxidized. The particulate matter and its iron content were also determined. Bathophenanthrolene was the reagent used....

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Elliptical Polarization Of Submarine Illumination, Alexandre Ivanoff, Talbot H. Waterman Jan 1958

Elliptical Polarization Of Submarine Illumination, Alexandre Ivanoff, Talbot H. Waterman

Journal of Marine Research

Field and laboratory measurements have been made to extend our understanding of submarine elliptically polarized light, which occurs in lines of sight just beyond the critical angle. It is not detectable in bearings of the sun or anti-sun, is strongest within a few centimeters of the surface, is more easily observed with large solar zenith distances, and is not affected by light entering the water at the surface in the line of sight....

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Inorganic Suspended Matter In Sea Water, Francis A.J. Armstrong Jan 1958

Inorganic Suspended Matter In Sea Water, Francis A.J. Armstrong

Journal of Marine Research

The suspended matter in sea water has been separated with membrane filters· (down to 0.1 µ A.P.D.); the inorganic fraction, determined by ignition, has been partly analysed. The methods used are briefly described. An appreciable quantity of finely divided claylike material was found, and it is suggested that, by adsorption of organic matter from the water, this may support the bacterial flora. Samples taken regularly from the English Channel show a seasonal variation...

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Neurosecretory Cells In The Cirripede, Pollicipes Polymerus J. B. Sowerby, Harold Barnes, Jefferson J. Gonor Jan 1958

Neurosecretory Cells In The Cirripede, Pollicipes Polymerus J. B. Sowerby, Harold Barnes, Jefferson J. Gonor

Journal of Marine Research

A detailed morphological description of neurosecretory cells in the pedunculate barnacle Pollicipes polymerus J. B. Sowerby (Cirripedia) is given. The general anatomy of its central nervous system conforms to that in other pedunculates. Some neurons of the central nervous system are specialized for secretion and are uniformly distributed in all of the ventral ganglia and in the brain.

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Control Of Sedimentation And Bottom Configuration By Convection Currents, Lake Washington, Washington, Howard R. Gould, Thomas F. Budinger Jan 1958

Control Of Sedimentation And Bottom Configuration By Convection Currents, Lake Washington, Washington, Howard R. Gould, Thomas F. Budinger

Journal of Marine Research

Lake Washington near Seattle occupies a deep narrow trough sculptured by the Vashon ice sheet, the last continental glacier to invade the Seattle area. Extending along the center of the trough is a broad ridge that stands 5 to 30 feet above narrow valleys on either side. Thus, the trough in cross-section is W-shaped rather than U-shaped, as are most glacial valleys. The sediments in the trough consist of blue clay, locally more than 100 feet thick, overlain by limnic peat or gyttja 5 to 55 feet thick. The blue clay consists of rock flour of meltwater origin and the …

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Boundaries In The Theory Of Ocean Currents, Koji Hidaka Jan 1958

Boundaries In The Theory Of Ocean Currents, Koji Hidaka

Journal of Marine Research

Described in this paper is a technique of using artificial water boundaries in theories of ocean currents. As boundary values, geostrophic currents are suggested. This technique may hold promise for other applications in theoretical discussions of ocean currents.

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Observations On Inshore Plankton Collected During Summer 1957 At Point Barrow, Alaska, Martin W. Johnson Jan 1958

Observations On Inshore Plankton Collected During Summer 1957 At Point Barrow, Alaska, Martin W. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

Analyses of 34 net tows, collected July 16 to August 16, 1957 to depths of about 66 m, were concerned ma.inly with the micropla.nkton. The concentration of plankton varied greatly while the composition remained quite uniform….

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