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More Bathymetric Evidence For Block Faulting On The Gorda Rise, Donald F. Heinrichs

Journal of Marine Research

A detailed bathymetric survey of the crest and axial valley of the Gorda Rise, between 41°10' to 41° 29'N and 127°15' to 127°36'W, has revealed several pronounced continuous benches. The most prominent benches are at depths of 2400 and 2800 m. The regional bathymetry is consistent with a block-faulting origin for the topography of the Gorda Rise.

Tsunami Response At Wake Island: A Model Study, Wm. G. Van Dorn

Journal of Marine Research

The amplitude response to periodic plane waves incident upon an undistorted model of Wake Island on a scale of 57,500:1 was determined for a number of frequencies covering the long-wave portion of the wave spectrum and from three different directions….

Tsunami Response At Wake Island: Comparison Of The Hydraulic And Numerical Approaches, A. C. Vastano, R. O. Reid

Journal of Marine Research

A comparison is made between two different methods of estimating, at an island, the water-level response associated with incident plane gravity waves of periods characteristic of tsunamis. Van Dorn (1970) has investigated, by means of a laboratory model on an undistorted scale, the amplitude response versus the period and azimuth for Wake Island....

Wave-Particle Velocities, Kern E. Kenyon

Journal of Marine Research

Shonting (1966, 1967, 1968) has measured a number of ocean-wave particle velocities at Buzzards Bay Entrance Light Station (BBELS) with a ducted current meter….

The Occurrence Of Lymphocystis In Micropogon Undulatus And Cynoscion Arenarius From Mississippi Estuaries, J.Y. Christmas, H.D. Howse

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Lymphocystis was observed in Atlantic croakers (Micropogon undulatus) and sand seatrouts (Cynoscion arenarius) collected from brackish waters of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. This is the first report of lymphocystis in Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico and adds one family and two species to host records.

Microscopic examination of the tumors revealed several histologic differences in the lesions of the two species. Mature tumor cells in the croakers were larger than those in the sand seatrout. In the croakers, these cells were closely packed and their hyaline capsules were usually confluent. In the sand seatrouts, the …

Seasonal Primary Production In Antarctic Sea Ice At Mcmurdo Sound In 1967, J. S. Bunt, C. C. Lee

Journal of Marine Research

Between late June and early December 1967, observations were made at numerous stations in McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic. This paper, dealing primarily with Sts. A and H in the Hut Point region, provides some new physico-chemical data on the ice habitat as well as information on the development of microalgal populations in the sea ice, data on levels of chlorophyll a and particulate carbon, and results of periodic laboratory measurements of C14 fixation.

Mass Transport Induced By Wave Motion, Norden E. Huang

Journal of Marine Research

The problem of mass transport induced by waves is re-examined. Under the usual boundary-layer assumptions, the whole field is divided into three regions: surface-boundary layers, bottom-boundary layers, and the inviscid interior. Then, by considering Reynolds stress in the boundary layers, an expression of the mass-transport velocity in the viscous fluid is derived....

A Sea-Air Interaction Deep-Ocean Buoy, K. L. Warsh, M. Garstang, P. L. Grose

Journal of Marine Research

A stable spar buoy, TRITON, has been developed as a platform for sea-air boundary-layer measurements in the deep ocean. The buoy has operated for 60 days on station in the tropical Atlantic and for seven days in the Gulf of Mexico….

Eddy Friction In The Ocean, John A.T. Bye

Journal of Marine Research

The scalar energy spectrum of steady isotropic two-dimensional turbulence is derived for two-dimensional motion in a homogeneous ocean in which the dissipation occurs in a bottom-friction layer. The significant property of the spectrum is a range of wave numbers in which the mean-squared vorticity is conserved and energy is transferred to the friction layer....

Sediment Budget In A Deep-Sea Core From The Central Equatorial Pacific, G. Ross Heath, Theodore C. Moore Jr., B. L.K. Somayajulu, David S. Cronan

Journal of Marine Research

Stratigraphic, mineralogic, chemical, and geochronologic measurements on a core from 8°20'N, 153°W show that sediment has been accumulating at a rate of 160 g/cm2/106 years. Of this, 125 g is "fresh" Quaternary sediment while the remainder is lower and middle Tertiary material eroded from nearby outcrops....

Foraminiferal And Sedimentological Evidence Far Uplift Of The Deep-Sea Floor, Gorda Rise, Northeastern Pacific, Gerald A. Fowler, L. D. Kulm

Journal of Marine Research

Displaced benthic Foraminifera in semiconsolidated clayey sandstone from the Gorda Rise provide evidence for uplift of the deep-sea floor. The sediment was deposited by turbidity currents on the floor of the Escanaba Trough (the axial valley of the Gorda Rise) from a sublittoral source on the continental margin to the east....

On The Anomalous Deep Water South Of The Aleutian Islands, R. K. Reed

Journal of Marine Research

Several oceanographers have concluded that Pacific deep water enters the North Pacific from the southern hemisphere and is warmed along its northerly path of flow. The deep water near the Aleutian Trench, however, is noticeably colder than the water lying between it and 30°N in the region east of 170°E. Knauss (1962) attributed this condition to the rising of colder water from below; Gordon and Gerard (1970) were unable to find a path of flow into the northern region....

Seawater Alkalinity Determination By The Ph Method, Charles Culberson, R. M. Pytkowicz, J. E. Hawley

Journal of Marine Research

The coefficient fH used in the seawater alkalinity method of Anderson and Robinson (1946), has been redetermined at 25°C. We have found that fH = 0.741 ±0,005 for salinities between 30‰ and 41‰….

Fine-Sediment Dispersal In The Gulf Of San Miguel, Western Gulf Of Panama: A Reconnaissance, Donald J.P. Swift, R. Gordon Pirie

Journal of Marine Research

The Gulf of San Miguel, 30 km wide at its mouth and extending 40 km inland, is the estuary of river systems that drain eastern Panama. The Gulf consists of a central scour channel up to 36 m deep, flanked by semicircular bays. The tide has a range of up to 7 m, and maximum surface tidal currents average 200 cm/sec on the flood tide and 230 cm/sec on the ebb tide....

Circulation In The Amazon River Estuary And Adjacent Atlantic Ocean, Ronald J. Gibbs

Journal of Marine Research

A preliminary survey of the water circulation in the Amazon estuary and adjacent ocean was conducted during both low-river and high-river dischar ge. Results indicate that, due to the river's large discharge, no salt-water wedge (35‰) enters the Amazon estuary during either low-river or high-river discharge....

The Distribution Of Mesopelagic Fishes In The Equatorial And Western North Atlantic Ocean, Richard H. Backus, James E. Craddock, Richard L. Haedrich, David L. Shores

Journal of Marine Research

Examination of about 290 midwater trawl hauls made to a depth of 1000 m in the equatorial and western North Atlantic Ocean from 1961 to 1968 suggests that at least 10 physical boundaries determine the ranges of mesopelagic fishes. The boundaries delimit six pelagic regions----the Slope Water Region, the Northern Sargasso Sea, the Southern Sargasso Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the Amazonian Region----and partly delimit four others----the Eastern Gyre and the Labrador, Lesser Antillean, and Guinean regions....

The Equatorial Undercurrent At 170°E In March And April 1967, Philippe Hisard, Jacques Merle, Bruno Voituriez

Journal of Marine Research

In 1967 the R. V. CORIOLIS undertook five cruises along the 170°E meridian in order to investigate the relationships between the sea-surface conditions and the occurrence of the Equatorial Undercurrent; this paper deals primarily with the March and April cruises. The Equatorial Undercurrent was observed as a double-cell structure....

The Decay And Stability Of Internal Wave Modes In A Multisheeted Thermocline, Bryan Johns, Michael J. Cross

Journal of Marine Research

Internal wave motions are considered in a thermocline that consists of thin sheets across which there are abrupt changes in the density. These sheets are separated by homogeneous layers of water in which there is turbulent mixing. Investigations have been undertaken to determine the dependence of both the rate of energy dissipation and the dynamical stability upon the number of sheets in the thermocline....

Concentrations Of Particulate Iron In Atlantic Open-Ocean Water, Peter R. Betzer, Michael E.Q. Pilson

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of particulate iron concentrations have been carried out on samples from the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Water samples were collected in 30-l Niskin bottles; iron analyses were done by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The average of 184 iron determinations on shallow open-ocean water (0-300 m) was 0.177 µg/l; the average of 112 determinations on deep water (500-7535 m) was 0.255 µg/l....

Long Waves Along A Single-Step Topography In A Semi-Infinite Uniformly Rotating Ocean, J. C. Larsen

Journal of Marine Research

The dispersion equation for Kelvin-type waves for a single-step topography is derived. Solutions for this equation indicate that, in addition to the Kelvin-type waves, there also exist quasigeostrophic waves that are related to the topography structure.

Recent Dissolved-Oxygen Measurements In The Gulf Of Mexico Deep Waters, Worth D. Nowlin Jr., David F. Paskausky, Hugh J. Mclellan

Journal of Marine Research

In 1963 it was suggested that rather large gradients in dissolved oxygen exist in the Gulf of Mexico below a sill depth of between 1500 m and 1900 m. However, measurements made on three cruises during 1966 and 1967 indicate that there is no clearly discernable horizontal variation in dissolved oxygen in these waters....

Acoustic Backscattering From A Wind-Driven Water Surface, R. A. Pruitt, S. W. Marshall, R. R. Goodman

Journal of Marine Research

This paper reports an attempt to measure the asymmetry of wind-generated water waves by using acoustical methods. A 40-foot wind-tunnel water flume provided a controlled water surface that was insonified from above at 162 kHz with pulses 30 µsec in duration (5 cycles). The scattered-pressure amplitude pulses were analyzed statistically as a function of the shear stress produced at the water surface by the wind....

The Ekman Vertical Velocity In An Enclosed Β-Plane Ocean, W. Lawrence Gates

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical flux beneath the surface boundary layer is determined by balancing the divergence induced in this layer by the prescribed wind stress and surface temperature with the divergence of an assumed geostrophic interior ftow. In this manner the equilibrium surface height over an enclosed basin is formulated as a boundary-value problem, the solution of which leads directly to the Ekman vertical velocity....

Internal Wave Propagation Normal To A Geostrophic Current, David Healey, Paul H. Leblond

Journal of Marine Research

It is shown that (i) internal gravity waves propagating along a horizontal density gradient in a uniformly rotating ocean can exist for a range of slightly smaller frequencies than is possible in the absence of such a gradient, (ii) such waves exhibit a phase difference from top to bottom, and (iii) they exchange energy with the geostrophic current, which balances the density-induced pressure gradient....

On The Dynamics Of The Florida Current, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

This paper contains selected results from the first in a series of new efforts directed toward establishing an observational basis for testing hypotheses on the dynamics of the Florida Current. These efforts are based on the application of a recently developed free-instrument method for the collection of density and velocity field data at several sections across the Current....

The Generation Of Longshore Currents On A Plane Beach, Anthony J. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

The generation of longshore currents on a beach is investigated theoretically, using the concept of radiation stress to describe the flux of momentum associated with the incoming waves. Outside the surf zone, the longshore gradient of the radiation stress is always zero, and the flow is therefore driven only inside the surf zone....

Some New Observations On The Equilibrium Region Of The Wind-Wave Spectrum, John Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

Observations made with an array of wave sensors reveal significant differences between the high-frequency regions of spectra measured on different days. These differences suggest that the idea of a universal equilibrium range may not be strictly true.

Oceanic Flow Over Varying Bottom Topography, R. A. Clarke, N. P. Fofonoff

Journal of Marine Research

A study has been made of steady barotropic flows on the β plane over a bottom topography that varies in a direction inclined to the circles of latitude. The solutions obtained, starting with both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian systems of equations, are shown to be identical in the case of flow over a single-depth discontinuity....

Effects Of Friction And Surface Tide Angle Of Incidence On The Coastal Generation Of Internal Tides, J. G. Weigand, H. G. Farmer, S. J. Prinsenberg, Maurice Rattray Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

For the generation of internal waves by long surface waves, the normal-mode equations and solutions that satisfy the boundary conditions in a two-layer system are found analytically. Frictional effects decrease the amplitude of an internal wave over the shelf, changing it from a standing wave to a wave that progresses coastward and decreases the interference on the amplitude of the offshore progressive wave traveling seaward. Model studies, using a two-layer system of fresh water and saline water in a 9.9-m-long channel, gave favorable results relative to the theoretical results.

Average Velocities Of Some Ocean Currents As Deduced From The Recovery Of Plastic Drift Cards, G. H. Stander, L. V. Shannon, J. A. Campbell

Journal of Marine Research

Twenty-four drift cards, released in 1964 through 1966 in the vicinity of Cape Town and at various locations in the Atlantic Ocean, have been recovered on the coasts of: North and South America, three islands in the South Atlantic, England, France, Nigeria, and Australia. The travel times indicated by 19 of these cards have been used to estimate the mean velocities of the presumed current systems involved. The rate of card recovery and the long distances traveled by the cards have proved conclusively that the solid polythene drift card is durable.