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On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical study is made of the response of a stratified ocean to an applied wind stress. The ocean has been divided into an Ekman layer, a thermal layer, and an almost isothermal abyssal layer. The velocity and temperature fields were found by matching with the Ekman layer suction produced by the wind stress and by an upwelling condition at the eastern boundary. The surface temperature was determined principally by advection of heat with the oceanic circulation.

Panama Basin Deep Water----Properties And Circulation, Norman P. Laird

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature, salinity, and dissolved-oxygen data from the deep waters of the Panama Basin suggest that water enters the Basin through a single pass near Ecuador and subsequently spreads to the north and west. The flow is blocked in places by subsills, and warming occurs through mixing and geothermal heating. The bottom water appears to have a residence time of about 175 years, and heat flow is believed to be important in the renewal process in the bottom water.

The Measurement Of Respiratory Electron-Transport Activity In Marine Phytoplankton, T. T. Packard

Journal of Marine Research

A tetrazolium-reduction method for the measurement of the respiratory electron-transport activity in plankton is described . The method is sensitive to 0.03 µg cell nitrogen and can be used to estimate total plankton respiration.

On The Circulation Of The Intermediate Water In The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, José L. Buscaglia

Journal of Marine Research

In early studies of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic it was assumed that the flow was mostly thermohaline and meridional. However, there is evidence that the wind-driven subtropical anticyclonic circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean extends to and includes the Intermediate Water, as in other oceans.

Relationship Of Potential Temperature And Silicate In The Deep Waters Between Cape Lookout, North Carolina, And Bermuda, Unnsteinn Stefánsson, Larry P. Atkinson

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between potential temperature…

The East Australian Current As A Free Inertial Jet, J. S. Godfrey, A. R. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

Paths of the East Australian Current are calculated, employing the assumption that changes in the total cross-stream vorticity due to path curvature are balanced by changes in the planetary vorticity and vortex stretching. With reasonable assumptions for the velocity structure, the resulting paths follow the continental slope for the whole known length of the current and then gradually move into deeper water....

A Fluorometric Method For Determining Chlorophylls A, B, And C, Michael E. Loftus, James H. Carpenter

Journal of Marine Research

A method for the determination of chlorophylls a, b, and c by fluorometric techniques is presented. The effects of accessory carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives on the accuracy of this method are analyzed….

The Electromagnetic Field Of Long And Intermediate Water Waves, J. C. Larsen

Journal of Marine Research

The electromagnetic field induced by long and intermediate water waves (e.g., tsunami) is dependent on the time variation and spatial variation of the water motion and on the earth's electrical conductivity structure. The water motion is approximated by a plane progressive wave on a nonrotating flat infinite ocean of uniform depth....

Variations In Subcuticular Acid Phosphatase Activity During The Molting Cycle Of The Euphausiid Crustacean, Thysanoessa Raschii (M. Sars) Hansen, J. B. Jennings, Linda G. Halverson

Journal of Marine Research

A histochemical technique, applicable to intact euphausiids, has been used in the laboratory to demonstrate variations in the level of subcuticular acid phosphatase activity during the molting cycle of Thysanoessa raschii; it shows that there is a marked increase in such activity during the 24 hours in which ecdysis occurs. We suggest that the technique could form a useful tool in future studies on euphausiid biology since it would allow, for example, assessments of the numbers of individuals in any one collection or population that is passing through this particular 24-hour period at the time of sampling.

A Biaxial Propeller Current-Meter System For Fixed-Mount Applications, Glenn A. Cannon, Donald W. Pritchard

Journal of Marine Research

A biaxial propeller current-meter system for use in shallow water, where instrumentation can be attached to rigid bottom-mounted towers, has been developed at the Chesapeake Bay Institute. The use of two like sensors to measure the horizontal-velocity vector eliminates the problem of matching time constants in rotor-vane systems. The propellers have a noncosine response to the angle of attack of the flow. However, the data recorded by two propellers mounted at right angles are sufficient to correct for the noncosine response.

On Potential Density In The Deep South Atlantic Ocean, Ronald J. Lynn

Journal of Marine Research

There is a great contrast between the relative distributions of potential density referred too decibars and of potential density referred to 4000 decibars in the deep water of the South Atlantic Ocean. Both parameters are useful in a descriptive analysis of deep water; the former is an identifier of water origin, the latter graphically displays stability in the deep ocean and can be used to infer deep-ocean geostrophic flow.

A Stable Spar-Buoy Platform For Mounting Instrumentation, David H. Shonting, Alfred H. Barrett

Journal of Marine Research

A simple, relatively portable, and inexpensive spar buoy has been constructed to provide a platform for supporting instrumentation above and below the ocean's free surface. The buoy is 18.9 m long and weighs 76 kg in air; the combined ballast and instrument payload weigh 65 kg. The buoy consists of buoyant sections that are easily dismantled and may be varied in number to alter the buoy's overall length, draft, and payload....

Measurement Of A Three-Dimensional Field Of Water Velocities At A Depth Of One Meter In An Estuary, R. C. Seitz

Journal of Marine Research

The 3-dimensional field of water motion in a natural estuary has been measured at a depth of 1 m below the surface. Resulting Fourier transforms of the 3-component records of water velocities at 1 m have been compared with Fourier transforms of the depth-attenuated surface-wave velocity record--obtained from a direct measurement of the surface-wave field.

A Comparison Of Direct And Electric-Current Measurements In The Florida Current, Frank Chew, William S. Richardson, George A. Berberian

Journal of Marine Research

Simultaneous measurements of surface velocity obtained in 1967 by means of geomagnetic electrokinetograph and free-instrument techniques aboard two ships in the Florida Current off Ft. Pierce, Florida have been compared . The results show a varying degree of agreement in magnitude across the stream and good agreement in direction. A surprising result is the high seabed conductance.

A Comparison Of Direct Measurements And G.E.K. Observations In The Florida Current Off Miami, T. B. Sanford, W. J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Electrical measurements represent an indirect measure of the velocity structure of an ocean current. An interpretation of such measurements requires consideration of many influences, including the distribution of the vertically averaged velocity, of the bottom topography, and of the electrical-conductivity structure of the ocean and the sea bed....

Cesium-137 In The North Atlantic Measured By Selective Absorption In Situ, Stuart L. Kupferman

Journal of Marine Research

By means of selective absorption in situ, Cesium-137 was measured in November and December 1968 in two depth profiles (near 39°N, 69°W) and in ten widely scattered surface samples in the North Atlantic Ocean. The surface concentrations of Cs-137 are compatible with the surface concentrations of Sr-90 obtained by other workers in the same latitudinal range....

Asymptotic Extreme-Value Distributions Of Wave Heights In The Open Ocean, H. C.S. Thom

Journal of Marine Research

Application of the Fréchet extreme-value distribution to extreme wave heights is discussed. Annual extreme significant wave-height data for 12 Ocean Station Vessels have been fitted by the distribution. These distributions have been adjusted to extreme wave-height distributions by applying a scale transformation to the significant wave-height distributions based on previous theoretical and empirical studies of wave-height observations.

Numerically Predicted Changes In The Circulation Of The Gulf Of Mexico Accompanying A Simulated Hurricane Passage, David F. Paskausky

Journal of Marine Research

To obtain a quasi-steady-state basic circulation pattern for the Gulf of Mexico, a barotropic prognostic numerical model, with no changes in input conditions and with sufficient friction, has been used. It has been found that a simulated hurricane that would theoretically pass across the Gulf of Mexico from the Yucatan Strait to a point just east of the Mississippi Delta would generate a two-centered cyclonic flow region in the western Gulf waters, with a remnant of the steady-state anticyclonic flow in the northwestern corner....

Free Oscillations In A Beta-Plane Ocean, H. O. Mofjeld, Maurice Rattray Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

This paper is concerned with the free oscillations in a rectangular equatorial beta-plane model of large oceans with a free surface placed symmetrically on the equator. With the depth constant and the stratification horizontally uniform, the motion may be separated into vertical modes, each having free oscillations....

Distribution Of Suspended Oil Particles Following The Grounding Of The Tanker Arrow, W. D. Forrester

Journal of Marine Research

While taking oceanographic observations in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, following the grounding of the tanker ARROW on February 4, I 970, small (5 µ to 1 or 2 mm) oil particles were found in the water column. The particles were collected with plankton nets and water bottles. This paper discusses the origin of the particles, their distribution in size and in depth, and the transport of particles out of Chedabucto Bay into the open ocean....

A Preliminary Survey Of The Damariscotta River Estuary, Lincoln County, Maine, Maine Department Of Economic Development

Maine Collection

A Preliminary Survey of the Damariscotta River Estuary, Lincoln County, Maine

Part I - Hydrology; Part II - Sediments

"Prepared Under a Grant From the Maine Marine Stipend Program".

Maine Department of Economic Development - Division of Science, Technology & Mineral Resources, Augusta, Maine (July 1969 - June 1970).

Detailed Temperature Cross Section Of The Cold-Water Belt Along The Northern Edge Of The Kuroshio, Yutaka Nagata

Journal of Marine Research

On the basis of BT observations made at intervals of about one mile, a detailed temperature cross section of the cold-water belt along the northern edge of the Kuroshio is presented. Cold waters and sharp temperature inversions have been observed on the southern and northern margins of the cold-water belt. Within the cold-water belt, except in a narrow noninversion area, many temperature inversion layers have been observed, and the colder and warmer waters are arranged in a complicated pattern....

The Distribution Of Iodine And Bromine In The Sediments Of The Southwestern Barents Sea, N. B. Price, S. E. Calvert, P. G.W. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

In 42 surface sediments from the southwestern Barents Sea, iodine and bromine ranged from 60 to 828 p.p.m. and 12 to 257 p.p.m., respectively. In the surface environment, both I and Br are related to organic matter; the dependence of halogens on the grain size of the sediment is small....

Ocean Currents Above The Continental Shelf Off Oregon As Measured With A Single Array Of Current Meters, Curtis A. Collins, June G. Pattullo

Journal of Marine Research

Ocean currents were measured with meters moored above the Oregon continental shelf during four periods of about 25 days each----in July, September, and October 1965 and in February 1966. The data are described with histograms and progressive vector diagrams. Velocity variations having a frequency lower than one cycle in two days were associated with similar variations in wind in the alongshore direction....

Complex Generalization Of Canonical Correlation And Its Application To A Sea-Level Study, Motoyasu Miyata

Journal of Marine Research

The concept of multiple coherence is generalized to study the association between two sets of time series. "Intergroup coherence" is introduced as a measure of the linear relationship between the time histories at a collection of points and the time histories at a different collection of points. This theory is applied to a spectral analysis of marigrams from Canton Island.

Circulation In A Wind-Swept And Cooled Ocean, Pearn P. Niiler, Pieter S. Dubbelday

Journal of Marine Research

A two-layer model of circulation is developed in an open-ocean basin where a vertically homogeneous layer overlays a thermoclinic region. In the latter, the temperature changes in an exponential manner to a constant abyssal value. The motions are driven by an Ekman suction and cooling (or heating) of the ocean surface....

The Influence Of Deposit-Feeding Organisms On Sediment Stability And Community Trophic Structure, David K. Young

Journal of Marine Research

Deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding benthos in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, show marked spatial separation; suspension feeders are largely confined to sandy or firm mud bottoms while deposit feeders attain high densities on soft muddy substrata. Food source and bottom stability have been investigated as potential factors effecting this trophic-group separation....

California Undercurrent Off Northern Baja California, Warren S. Wooster, James H. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

The California Undercurrent is a subthermocline poleward flow of warm and salty lowoxygen water along the coasts of California and Baja California. The salinity maximum is centered on the isanosteric surface of thermosteric anomaly 150 cl/t, and the region influenced by this circulation is shown by the distribution of salinity on that surface (at depths of 250-300 m)....

A High-Resolution Sub-Bottom Profiling System For Use In Ocean Basin, T. C. Moore Jr., L. D. Kulm

Journal of Marine Research

A new high-frequency (3.5-kHz) sub-bottom profiling system is capable of relatively deep penetration into sedimentary deposits, with good resolution of thin reflecting layers. This system has been operated at cruising speeds up to 11 knots and gives up to 0.15 seconds of penetration....

Current Fine Structure In The Florida Current, Robert O. Plaisted, William S. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

The current profile to a depth of 120 m has been measured in the Florida Current with a resolution of about 1 m in the vertical. The profile reveals a complex fine structure with regions of high shear.