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Tide-Well Systems Iii:Improved Interpretation Of Tide-Well Records, B. J. Noye Jan 1974

Tide-Well Systems Iii:Improved Interpretation Of Tide-Well Records, B. J. Noye

Journal of Marine Research

Recent studies of the non-linear response of the conventional tide-well system have pointed out the deficiencies of the system when the tide records are to be used for scientific purposes requiring very accurate data. An experimental method of checking the response of such tidewells, by means of a drainage test, is described. This provides the basis of a further method, by which the height of the water level in the well may be approximately corrected to give the height of the sea level outside the well. The application of these methods, to a recently advocated linear tide-well system, is also …


Opportunistic Life Histories And Genetic Systems In Marine Benthic Polychaetes, J. Frederick Grassle, Judith P. Grassle Jan 1974

Opportunistic Life Histories And Genetic Systems In Marine Benthic Polychaetes, J. Frederick Grassle, Judith P. Grassle

Journal of Marine Research

The decline in benthic marine fauna following an oil spill in West Falmouth, Massachusetts, permitted us to follow the responses of a number of polychaete and other invertebrate species to an environmental disturbance. Species with the most opportunistic life histories increased and declined at the two stations with the greatest reduction in species diversity. The stations with an intermediate reduction in diversity showed increases and declines of somewhat less opportunistic species....


Some Details Of Upwelling Off The Somali And Arabian Coasts, J. G. Bruce Jan 1974

Some Details Of Upwelling Off The Somali And Arabian Coasts, J. G. Bruce

Journal of Marine Research

Surface temperature and salinity maps from measurements during the period of maximum coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea are given. The region of coldest, temperature < 14°C, and freshest, salinity < 35.15‰, surface water off Ras Mabber (9°N Somali coast) shifted northeastward during a ten-day period. Off the Arabian coast the upwelled water was not as cold (minimum, 18°C) or fresh (minimum, 35.7‰) and was found between 16°N and 20°N.


Fish And Crustacea Of The Western Australian South Coast Rivers And Estuaries, R.C. J. Lenanton Jan 1974

Fish And Crustacea Of The Western Australian South Coast Rivers And Estuaries, R.C. J. Lenanton

Fisheries Research Bulletins

A one year survey was undertaken to provide a preliminary check list of the fish fauna of the Western Australian south coast rivers and estuarine systems. Crustaceans collected during the survey were also included in the check list.


Primary Productivity Of Coastal Marshes In Mississippi, Armando A. De La Cruz Jan 1974

Primary Productivity Of Coastal Marshes In Mississippi, Armando A. De La Cruz

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The annual net primary production of nine types of marsh communities common in Mis­sissippi Gulf Coast estuaries were studied by means of the Harvest Method. Production values ranged from 600 g m-2 yr-1 for a Sagittaria lancifolia marsh to 2330 g m-2 yr-1 for a Phragmites communis marsh. Primary productivity values for the other marsh types are Juncus roemerianus - 1697 g m-2 yr-1, Scirpus robustus - 1056 g m-2 yr-1, Spartina cynosuroides - 2190 g m-2 yr-1, Spartina patens - 1922 g …


Kelvin-Wave Reflection In A Semi-Infinite Canal, P. J. Brown Jan 1973

Kelvin-Wave Reflection In A Semi-Infinite Canal, P. J. Brown

Journal of Marine Research

Taylor's tidal problem for a rotating semi-infinite canal is reformulated to allow for the possibility of imperfect reflection of Kelvin waves. It is found that, just below the critical period at which Poincare mode propagation becomes possible, this mode becomes the principal energy-reflection mechanism. This critical period can easily exceed the tidal period, resulting in highly asymmetric oscillations....


Dispersal Of The Protozoan Folliculina Simplex Dons (Ciliophora, Heterotricha) Throughout The North Atlantic Ocean On The Shells Of Gastropod Veliger Larvae, Rudolf S. Scheltema Jan 1973

Dispersal Of The Protozoan Folliculina Simplex Dons (Ciliophora, Heterotricha) Throughout The North Atlantic Ocean On The Shells Of Gastropod Veliger Larvae, Rudolf S. Scheltema

Journal of Marine Research

The sessile ciliate protozoan Folliculina simplex Dons can attach itself to the shells of large gastropod larvae and is found as an epizoite on the veligers of Tanna galea, Cymatium nicobaricum, Charonia variegata, Cymatium parthenopeum, and several other Cymatiidae. Among all the planktonic samples taken throughout the North Atlantic, 12.6% included prosobranch veligers bearing folliculinid ciliates....


The Enthalpy Of Seawater From 0 To 30°C And From 0 To 40‰ Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Lee D. Hansen, Edward V. Hoff Jan 1973

The Enthalpy Of Seawater From 0 To 30°C And From 0 To 40‰ Salinity, Frank J. Millero, Lee D. Hansen, Edward V. Hoff

Journal of Marine Research

Heats of dilution of seawater have been determined in the range of 40‰ to 0.4‰ salinity from 0 to 30°C….


Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev Jan 1973

Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev

Journal of Marine Research

Veronis (1972: 227), in the above paper, has stated that "The quantity that is orthogonal to potential-density curves in the θS [T–S] plane is suggested as a useful variable to complement the information contained in potential density." He denotes this quantity with τ.


Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan Jan 1973

Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan

Journal of Marine Research

Breck (1972) has proposed a new approach for determining the "redox level" (Eh) in aerated natural waters and has described an electrode arrangement which, supposedly, is capable of accurately measuring Eh in such waters.


Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow Jan 1973

Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow

Journal of Marine Research

Advanced parr of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) were exposed in laboratory tanks to oil poured on the surface of artificial seawater in amounts ranging from 500 to 3500 ppm equivalent, at water temperatures of 3°, 8°, and 13°C. Statistically significant increases in the mortality rates over control animals were observed at all oil concentrations and at all temperatures. The mortality rates appeared to be directly related to oil concentration and inversely to temperature....


Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson Jan 1973

Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal variability of the directly measured transport and horizontal currents in the Florida Strait has been determined from 90 transects of the Florida Current at the latitude of Miami, Florida. It is estimated that the seasonal variability accounts for 45% of the total variability in the total transport; the early summertime maximum value of the transport is 33.6 × 106 m3/sec, and the early winter low is 25.4 × 106 m3/sec....


The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Using finite difference methods, the effect on long waves of a coastal shelf in a rotating hemispherical basin, symmetric about the equator, is studied. Of the four modes investigated, with a shelf added to a constant-depth basin, two modes respond weakly: one is a planetary mode antisymmetric in the sea surface about the equator; the other is a gravity mode symmetric in the sea surface....


On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Five barotropic modes of oscillation are computed for a hemispherical basin centered on the equator of a rotating earth. The method of Longuet-Higgins and Pond (1970), which takes full account of horizontal divergence and the sphericity of the earth, is used. Two of the modes are planetary modes and three are gravity modes. Periods of oscillation for the five modes range from one day to over four days....


Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs Jan 1973

Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs

Journal of Marine Research

An efficient technique for long-distance swimming by fish with negative buoyancy is suggested and described. This includes a phase of powerless gliding with a gradual increase of depth followed by active upward swimming at an angle to the original height....


Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis Jan 1973

Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

In preparation for a more comprehensive study, the present paper develops a picture of steady global ocean circulation as it would appear if the ocean were driven by only the wind stress at the surface. The spherical geometry is retained, but bottom topography is neglected and the lateral boundaries of the different basins are segments of parallels of longitude or latitude. The observed zonal wind stress is zonally averaged for each basin, and the stratification is represented by two homogeneous layers that are dynamically uncoupled; i.e., there is no stress transfer across the interface or thermocline....


A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak Jan 1973

A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak

Journal of Marine Research

The development of a technique for towing standard oceanographic sensors (pressure, temperature, conductivity, and sound velocity) at intermediate depths of less than 1000 m is described. Data show the depth characteristics of the tow and the comparative output from each of the sensors....


A Note On The Averaged Momentum Balance In Two-Dimensional Water Waves, C. C. Mei Jan 1973

A Note On The Averaged Momentum Balance In Two-Dimensional Water Waves, C. C. Mei

Journal of Marine Research

For time-periodic two-dimensional water waves of small amplitude, it is shown that a static balance exists between the mean dynamic pressure force at the bottom, the gradient of the mean sea level, and the divergence of the radiation-stress tensor. The balance holds for quite arbitrary wave pattern and bottom variation so long as dissipation and steady currents are insignificant. This is the further generalization of a result obtained by Longuet-Higgins (1972) for the gradual refraction of a progressive wave where the bottom pressure is unimportant.


On The Determination Of Internal-Wave Directional Spectra From Moored Instruments, Friedrich Schott, Jürgen Willebrand Jan 1973

On The Determination Of Internal-Wave Directional Spectra From Moored Instruments, Friedrich Schott, Jürgen Willebrand

Journal of Marine Research

Presented here is a model for determining the characteristic parameters of an internalwave field using cross spectra of data obtained from vertically separated and/or horizontally separated moored instruments. The model is based on the assumption that the motion consists mainly of linear free internal waves having random phase relationships. The internalwave energy is supposed to be distributed among a finite number of modes having continuous directional distribution....


A Reply To Ben Yaakov And Kaplan's "Comments On 'Redox Potentials By Equilibration', By W. G. Breck", W. G. Breck Jan 1973

A Reply To Ben Yaakov And Kaplan's "Comments On 'Redox Potentials By Equilibration', By W. G. Breck", W. G. Breck

Journal of Marine Research

This note is a reply to Ben-Yaakov and Kaplan's (1973) comments on my paper (Breck 1972).


Comments On Johnson's Paper, "On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean'', R. C. Alexander Jan 1973

Comments On Johnson's Paper, "On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean'', R. C. Alexander

Journal of Marine Research

Johnson (1971) has made a useful contribution to ocean-circulation theory by establishing more definitely the role of the thermal structure in the larger context of the theory of wind-driven ocean circulations. However, serious objections should be raised to his treatment of the eastern-boundary region and to his results on coastal upwelling.


Wind-Swept Water Surface In Laboratory Cooled By Applying Heat, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1973

Wind-Swept Water Surface In Laboratory Cooled By Applying Heat, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

This experiment was performed in a 40-cm × 45-cm × 20-cm basin containing 16 cm of water. Wind was directed toward the water at one corner by means of a 16-cm-diameter blower 12 cm above the surface….


On The Eastern-Boundary Conditions For A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson Jan 1973

On The Eastern-Boundary Conditions For A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

This note discusses the use of transport conditions at the eastern boundary in determining the interior flow in a stratified ocean.


Erratum And Errata, George Veronis, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith Jan 1973

Erratum And Errata, George Veronis, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith

Journal of Marine Research

ERRATUM in "On properties of seawater defined by temperature, salinity, and pressure," by George Veronis; Journal of Marine Research 30(2): 227–255. ERRATA in "On the estimation of surface gravity-wave fields in the vicinity of an array of wave recorders," by R. L. Snyder and Linda Smith; Journal of Marine Research 31(1): 51–60.


Covariance Equations For A Linear Sea, R. L. Snyder Jan 1973

Covariance Equations For A Linear Sea, R. L. Snyder

Journal of Marine Research

The equations governing the second-order covariances between surface gravity-wave field variables are derived for a linear sea. These equations are solved formally for two cases: the case of stationary homogeneous statistics and the case of quasistationary quasihomogeneous statistics....


On The Estimation Of Surface Gravity-Wave Fields In The Vicinity Of An Array Of Wave Recorders, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith Jan 1973

On The Estimation Of Surface Gravity-Wave Fields In The Vicinity Of An Array Of Wave Recorders, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The optimum estimator for a surface-wave field in the vicinity of an array of wave recorders is determined for a linear sea. Examples for a single-component and a four-component array are presented.


On Divergent Shelf Waves, V. T. Buchwald Jan 1973

On Divergent Shelf Waves, V. T. Buchwald

Journal of Marine Research

A dispersion relationship for divergent continental shelf waves on a shelf of exponential profile has been obtained. The dispersion curves calculated from this relationship are in good agreement with experimental results reported by Caldwell et al. (1972). In addition, a perturbation method has been used to obtain the first-order divergent correction to the dispersion curves of nondivergent shelf waves on a shelf of arbitrary profile....


Calcium Carbonate, Opal, And Quartz In Holocene Pelagic Sediments And The Calcite Compensation Level In The South Atlantic Ocean, David B. Ellis, T. C. Moore Jr. Jan 1973

Calcium Carbonate, Opal, And Quartz In Holocene Pelagic Sediments And The Calcite Compensation Level In The South Atlantic Ocean, David B. Ellis, T. C. Moore Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Calcium carbonate is the dominant component in the pelagic sediments of the South Atlantic; its distribution pattern can be explained by use of bottom-water circulation. Biogenous opal concentrations occur in two bands, near the Equator and around 50°S; these concentrations are associated with zones of high biological productivity in surface waters....


A Numerical Tidal Model And Its Application To Cook Inlet, Alaska, J. Brian Matthews, J. Christian H. Mungall Jan 1972

A Numerical Tidal Model And Its Application To Cook Inlet, Alaska, J. Brian Matthews, J. Christian H. Mungall

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical scheme for predicting tides and tidal currents has been designed for rapid application to new situations with a minimum of effort. The model is two-dimensional and includes Coriolis and fric tional terms. An application to Cook Inlet, Alaska, is described for a tide having a period of 12.42 hours and an amplitude of one half the mean tidal range....


Radiation Stresses In Short-Crested Waves, J. A. Battjes Jan 1972

Radiation Stresses In Short-Crested Waves, J. A. Battjes

Journal of Marine Research

The radiation stresses in short-crested waves are expressed in terms of the two-dimensional energy spectrum of the wave elevation. It is shown that, for wind-driven waves, the short-crestedness has a considerable influence on the ratios of the radiation stresses to the average energy content of the waves per unit area.