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A Laser-Doppler Velocimeter With Ocean Applications, William W. Fowlis, J. Dana Thompson, William E. Terry Jan 1974

A Laser-Doppler Velocimeter With Ocean Applications, William W. Fowlis, J. Dana Thompson, William E. Terry

Journal of Marine Research

Difficulties of intrinsic and environmental origins are still being experienced in the use of ocean currentmeters. The recently developed laser-Doppler technique of flow measurement offers advantages over existing techniques and the application of the laser-Doppler technique to ocean flow measurements is proposed. In particular, a laser-Doppler system which has been used in the laboratory and which is suitable for ocean applications is described....

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Internal Tides In St. Lawrence Estuary, W. D. Forrester Jan 1974

Internal Tides In St. Lawrence Estuary, W. D. Forrester

Journal of Marine Research

Near-surface current measurements from locations along the channel of the St.Lawrence Estuary between Trois Pistoles and Baie Comeau are examined for consistent evidence of internal tides. The harmonic constituents of the local tidal streams at each site were estimated by harmonic analysis of the records, and from these were subtracted estimates of the harmonic constituents of the local barotropic tidal streams (those due to surface tides alone)....

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Observations On The Coastal Current Of Arctic Alaska, R. G. Paquette, R. H. Bourke Jan 1974

Observations On The Coastal Current Of Arctic Alaska, R. G. Paquette, R. H. Bourke

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes characteristics of the warm coastal current in the vicinity of the ice margin in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. The warm current originates in Bering Strait and is traced around Pt. Barrow to longitude 152°W in the Beaufort Sea. In the Chukchi Sea it is concentrated near the surface, overlying dense relict bottom water trapped by the shallow depths. Eastward, as the bottom deepens, the warm water descends to mid-depth, eventually becoming warmest near bottom in depths of 30 to 50 m. Mechanisms for cooling and dilution of the warm water are discussed .

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Animal-Sediment Relations In A Tropical Lagoon Discovery Bay, Jamaica, Robert C. Aller, Richard E. Dodge Jan 1974

Animal-Sediment Relations In A Tropical Lagoon Discovery Bay, Jamaica, Robert C. Aller, Richard E. Dodge

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of many macrobenthic species in the back-reef lagoon of Discovery Bay, Jamaica can be related to a gradient in bottom stability. This gradient is defined by increasing rates of biogenic reworking and sediment resuspension in the western part of the lagoon. Infaunal diversity and coral growth decrease in the western, unstable areas. The infauna of the carbonate sand consists mainly of deposit feeders....

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Diaphus Taaningi Norman, The Principal Component Of A Shallow Sound-Scattering Layer In The Cariaco Trench, Venezuela, Ronald C. Baird, Donald F. Wilson, Robert C. Beckett, Thomas L. Hopkins Jan 1974

Diaphus Taaningi Norman, The Principal Component Of A Shallow Sound-Scattering Layer In The Cariaco Trench, Venezuela, Ronald C. Baird, Donald F. Wilson, Robert C. Beckett, Thomas L. Hopkins

Journal of Marine Research

A myctophid fish, Diaphus taaningi Norman, is the principal component of a distinct daytime sound-scattering layer lying near 250 m, well above the anoxic, hydrogen-sulfide zone of the Cariaco Trench. The scattering layer produced strong sonar echoes at 12, 25, and 50 kHz; mean sound-scattering strength at layer depth at 25 kHz was approximately --73 dB and at 50 kHz was approximately --67 dB....

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Tide-Well Systems I: Some Non-Linear Effects Of The Conventional Tide Well, B. J. Noye Jan 1974

Tide-Well Systems I: Some Non-Linear Effects Of The Conventional Tide Well, B. J. Noye

Journal of Marine Research

Recent uses to which tide records have been put has revealed that modern analytical techniques have outstripped the quality of available data. Lack of knowledge of the response of the conventional type tide well has been a serious handicap to workers in this field. The analysis in this paper shows that non-linearities, caused by the flow through the orifice, produce the main features of the response of the system; the hydrodynamic filtering of waves, due to the depth of the orifice and the effect of the inertia of the water in the well, are relatively unimportant.

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Freezing Point Of Seawater, Brendan T. Doherty, Dana R. Kester Jan 1974

Freezing Point Of Seawater, Brendan T. Doherty, Dana R. Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Accurate values of the freezing point of seawater are necessary for considering thermal processes at high latitudes and for relating the ice-water equilibrium to the thermodynamics of water in seawater at low temperature. Measurements of the freezing point of seawater at various salinities were made using three independent techniques. The results obtained by a super-cooling method were not reliable, whereas values based on a flow and an equilibration technique were indistinguishable....

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Response Of A Savonius Rotor To Unsteady Flow, Michael Karweit Jan 1974

Response Of A Savonius Rotor To Unsteady Flow, Michael Karweit

Journal of Marine Research

A Savonius rotor used as a speed measuring device was subjected to a unidirectional unsteady flow having a mean value U0. A comparison between the rotor rotation rate in this unsteady flow and its rotation rate in a steady flow U0 yielded systematic errors in velocities as inferred from steady-state calibrations. Further dependence of the errors on dimensional quantities suggests that pr esent attempts to model the Savonius rotor's dynamics will have to be expanded.

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Particulate Matter At The Sediment-Water Interface In Coastal Environments, Ralph Gordon Johnson Jan 1974

Particulate Matter At The Sediment-Water Interface In Coastal Environments, Ralph Gordon Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

A microscopic study was made of marine sediments to identify the kinds of materials present at the sediment-water interface and to describe these materials from a biological point of view. Fifty-two samples were collected at 26 stations in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A total of 42 particle species was recognized....

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External Release Of Protease By Stationary Burrow-Dwelling Polychaetes, Robert A. Zottoli, Melbourne R. Carriker Jan 1974

External Release Of Protease By Stationary Burrow-Dwelling Polychaetes, Robert A. Zottoli, Melbourne R. Carriker

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction Travis and Gonsalves (1969) and Carriker (1969) hypothesized that the accessory boring organ of such gastropods as Urosalpinx cinerea (Say) may secrete a protease, possibly a conchiolinase, during penetration of prey shell. They suggested that the enzyme initially may dissolve the non-mineralized organic matrix surrounding the calcareous units of shell, exposing the units to solution by acids, chelators, or both....

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An Interpretation Of The Double T-S Maxima In The Mediterranean Outflow Using Chemical Tracers, M. R. Howe, M. I. Abdullah, S. Deetae Jan 1974

An Interpretation Of The Double T-S Maxima In The Mediterranean Outflow Using Chemical Tracers, M. R. Howe, M. I. Abdullah, S. Deetae

Journal of Marine Research

TSD observations of the Mediterranean outflow into the N.E. Atlantic were supplemented by measurements of nitrate, silicate, and phosphate. Apart from the normal salinity maximum at 1200 m, the occurrence of a T-S maximum at a depth of about 700 m in the Atlantic has often been observed. The chemical data suggest that this upper maximum is due to the release of water from a relatively shallow depth in the Straits of Gibraltar.

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Comments On 'Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current,' By Niiler And Richardson, R. B. Montgomery Jan 1974

Comments On 'Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current,' By Niiler And Richardson, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

Niiler and Richardson (1973) have presented the results of direct measurements showing the seasonal variation of the volume flux of the Florida Current, from the average low of 25.4 × 106 m3/s in about November to the average high of 33.6 × 106 m3/s in about June. These excellent measurements give us, for the first time, reliable quantitative information about the seasonal variation of a major ocean current.

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Characteristics Of El Niño In 1972, Warren S. Wooster, Oscar Guillen Jan 1974

Characteristics Of El Niño In 1972, Warren S. Wooster, Oscar Guillen

Journal of Marine Research

Characteristics of the Niño event of 1972 were examined, using monthly descriptions of sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific and in the region offshore from Peru, monthly average temperatures from Peruvian coastal stations, and surface temperature and salinity data from oceanographic cruises. Observations were compared with those from previous events, especially that of 1965, and some general features of the phenomenon were established....

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A Two-Layer Model For The Separation Of Inertial Boundary Currents, Dennis W. Moore, Pearn P. Niller Jan 1974

A Two-Layer Model For The Separation Of Inertial Boundary Currents, Dennis W. Moore, Pearn P. Niller

Journal of Marine Research

1. Introduction The problem of the steady circulation in an inviscid, two-layer ocean is solved in the limit of small mid-oceanic Ross by number. The model is not new. Certain aspects of the problem have been treated by Fofonoff (1954 and 1962), Deacon et al (1955), Charney (1955), Morgan (1956), Stammel (1958), Robinson (1963), Blandford (1965), J acobs (1968), and Schmitz (1969).

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An Instrument To Measure Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder, R. B. Long, J. Irish, D. G. Hunley, N. C. Pflaum Jan 1974

An Instrument To Measure Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder, R. B. Long, J. Irish, D. G. Hunley, N. C. Pflaum

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes an instrument which has been used successfully at a field site in the Bight of Abaco, Bahamas, to monitor the atmospheric pressure field above surface gravity waves in the frequency range .5 to 5. rad/s. The atmospheric pressure is sampled at fixed elevations with a cone-shaped probe having a pressure coefficient of less than .02 magnitude for angles of attack less than 15°; the probe is mounted on a vane to minimize horizontal angles of attack. The pressure signal is conducted to a subsurface transducer through a mercury-sealed bearing. Overall system noise is estimated to be of …

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The Equation Of State Of Seawater, Rana A. Fine, Dong-Ping Wang, Frank J. Millero Jan 1974

The Equation Of State Of Seawater, Rana A. Fine, Dong-Ping Wang, Frank J. Millero

Journal of Marine Research

The P-V-T properties of seawater calculated from the sound derived equation of state of Wang and Millero (1973)…

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The Determination And Distribution Of Iodate In South Atlantic Waters, G. T.F. Wong, P. G. Brewer Jan 1974

The Determination And Distribution Of Iodate In South Atlantic Waters, G. T.F. Wong, P. G. Brewer

Journal of Marine Research

A novel method has been developed for the precise determination of iodate in sea water and the technique has been applied to samples from two stations in the Argentine Basin and one station in the Angola Basin. The method involves acidification of the sea water sample in the presence of excess iodjde in order to form the tri-iodide ion and measurement of the absorbance of this ion in a spectrophotometric titration cell....

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Observations On The Distribution Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Atlantic Ocean Organisms, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, Vaughan T. Bowen, William G. Steinhauer Jan 1974

Observations On The Distribution Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Atlantic Ocean Organisms, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, Vaughan T. Bowen, William G. Steinhauer

Journal of Marine Research

Industrial polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and the DDT family (t-DDT) were measured in several species of organisms collected from the open Atlantic Ocean between 66°N and 35°S latitude. All the organisms had higher concentrations of PCBs than t-DDT. Many trophic levels were represented in the collections, but the analytical data offer no support for food chain magnification among gilled organisms....

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Observations Of Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations On The Continental Slope And Rise Near Site D, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1974

Observations Of Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations On The Continental Slope And Rise Near Site D, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

An array of near-bottom current meters was set on the continental rise and slope near Site D in the autumn, 1970. At the junction of the slope and rise and over the slope the low-frequency (less than 1 c.p.d.) flow was predominantly along depth contours, and flow across depth contours was dominated by higher frequencies. The low-frequency kinetic energy decays in both directions away from a mooring position near the slope-rise junction....

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Regional Variations In Tropical High Intertidal Gastropod Assemblages, Geerat J. Vermeij Jan 1974

Regional Variations In Tropical High Intertidal Gastropod Assemblages, Geerat J. Vermeij

Journal of Marine Research

High intertidal gastropod assemblages in the Inda-Malaysian area and western Indian Ocean have a higher incidence of presumed antipredatory devices (obstructed apertures, inflexible opercula, low spires, and strong external shell sculpture) than high intertidal gastropods found elsewhere in the tropics....

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Dissolved Organic Matter In Seawater And The Electric Charge Of Immersed Surfaces, Rex Neihof, George Loeb Jan 1974

Dissolved Organic Matter In Seawater And The Electric Charge Of Immersed Surfaces, Rex Neihof, George Loeb

Journal of Marine Research

Changes in the electrical charge that occur on the surfaces of test particles of quartz, germanium, and an anion-exchange resin when they are exposed to natural and artificial seawater have been studied by means of microelectrophoresis….

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Grazing And Control Of Coral Reef Community Structure By Diadema Antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): A Preliminary Study, Paul W. Sammarco, Jeffrey S. Levinton, John C. Ogden Jan 1974

Grazing And Control Of Coral Reef Community Structure By Diadema Antillarum Philippi (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): A Preliminary Study, Paul W. Sammarco, Jeffrey S. Levinton, John C. Ogden

Journal of Marine Research

The grazing activities of the tropical echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi can markedly influence the structure of the shallow-water epibenthic coral reef community. The elimination of an entire Diadema population from a patch reef in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands resulted in a great increase in macro-algal biomass, alterations in species composition, shifts in dominance, an increase in species numbers, and a decrease in equitability....

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A Linear Theory Of Stationary Coastal Upwelling In A Continuously Stratified Ocean With An Unstratified Shelf Area, Matthias Tomczak Jr., Rolf H. Käse Jan 1974

A Linear Theory Of Stationary Coastal Upwelling In A Continuously Stratified Ocean With An Unstratified Shelf Area, Matthias Tomczak Jr., Rolf H. Käse

Journal of Marine Research

The circulation in a coastal upwelling region with a shelf area is calculated. It is assumed that the circulation on the shelf is independent of the deep-sea circulation and consists of a surface Ekman layer outflow, a coastal boundary layer upwelling and a bottom Ekman layer inflow. The resultant velocity distribution is used as a boundary condition for the deep-sea circulation....

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Direct Current Measurements Of A Shelf-Edge Frontal Jet In The Southern Benguela System, N. D. Bang, W. R.H. Andrews Jan 1974

Direct Current Measurements Of A Shelf-Edge Frontal Jet In The Southern Benguela System, N. D. Bang, W. R.H. Andrews

Journal of Marine Research

A bathythermograph section generated during the outward run along a roo mile line running 255° from Cape Town was used to condition the positioning of a series of direct current measurements during the inward run along the same line. The latter produced the first direct measurement current velocity section across the Benguela system....

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Polyspecies Aquaculture Systems: The Detrital Trophic Level, Kenneth R. Tenore, Mason G. Browne, Edward J. Chesney Jr. Jan 1974

Polyspecies Aquaculture Systems: The Detrital Trophic Level, Kenneth R. Tenore, Mason G. Browne, Edward J. Chesney Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

The production of species belonging to the detrital trophic level was investigated in a model-sized aquaculture system, with flowing, filtered seawater and controlled phytoplankton addition to experimental tanks containing the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The biodeposits of feces and pseudofeces of the oysters supported on the bottom of one tank a population of the nereid polychaete, Nereis virens and in the other tank a mixed community of the capitellid polychaete, Capitella capitata and the amphipod, Corophium sp....

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A Field Study Of Wave-Induced Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder Jan 1974

A Field Study Of Wave-Induced Pressure Fluctuations Above Surface Gravity Waves, R. L. Snyder

Journal of Marine Research

The atmospheric pressure field above waves was monitored at two experimental sites in the Bight of Abaco (BOA), Bahamas, using horizontal arrays of up to four microbarographs and four wave recorders. During four separate field experiments in the period June 1968- April 1972, 96 hours of data were obtained. These data cover a wind-speed range of 3–10m/s and a microbarograph elevation range (relative to the mean surface) of 0.5–2.0 m....

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Mass Transport Over A Rough Bed, J. F.A. Sleath Jan 1974

Mass Transport Over A Rough Bed, J. F.A. Sleath

Journal of Marine Research

Analytical expressions are derived for the mass-transport velocity produced by progressive water waves in the boundary layer over a rippled bed. The effect of bed roughness is found to be to increase the mass-transport velocity, except for very long waves where the velocity may be decreased....

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Possible Interactions Between Phytoplankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides, Daniel Kamykowski Jan 1974

Possible Interactions Between Phytoplankton And Semidiurnal Internal Tides, Daniel Kamykowski

Journal of Marine Research

Computer programs are used to analyze some possible interactions between phytoplankton and semidiurnal internal tides. The internal tides are modeled in a two-layer ocean using small amplitude wave theory . Wave characteristics representative of southern California coastal waters are used as input for the equations....

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Inorganic Speciation Of Boron In Seawater, Robert H. Byrne Jr., Dana R. Kester Jan 1974

Inorganic Speciation Of Boron In Seawater, Robert H. Byrne Jr., Dana R. Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Boric acid-borate apparent dissociation constants were determined in synthetic media and in seawater using a glass pH electrode….

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Tide-Well Systems Ii: The Frequency Response Of A Linear Tide-Well System, B. J. Noye Jan 1974

Tide-Well Systems Ii: The Frequency Response Of A Linear Tide-Well System, B. J. Noye

Journal of Marine Research

Recent uses to which tide records have been put have exposed limitations of the nonlinear tide well with an orifice. By replacing the orifice with a long horizontal pipe connection, the system becomes essentially linear and the limitations of the conventional system no longer apply. The analysis in this paper shows that unsteady effects in the pipe flow produce the main features of the frequency response of the system; the hydrodynamic filtering of waves due to the depth of the pipe connection and the effect of the inertia of the water in the well are relatively unimportant....

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