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Carbon Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface Of The Deep-Sea: Calcium Carbonate Preservation, Steven Emerson, Michael Bender Jan 1981

Carbon Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface Of The Deep-Sea: Calcium Carbonate Preservation, Steven Emerson, Michael Bender

Journal of Marine Research

The degradation of organic m atter at the seawater-sediment interface plays an important role in the pattern of calcium carbonate preservation in the deep sea. A model developed to quantify this effect shows that the amount of calcium carbonate dissolved by metabolic CO2 at the sediment-water interface is dependent upon the rain ratio of organic carbon and calcium carbonate, and the rates of organic matter degradation and calcite dissolution....


Seasonal Variation Of Vitamin B12, B12 Analogs, And Phytoplankton In A Long Island Estuary, Stephen F. Bruno, Robert D. Staker, Linda L. Curtis Jan 1981

Seasonal Variation Of Vitamin B12, B12 Analogs, And Phytoplankton In A Long Island Estuary, Stephen F. Bruno, Robert D. Staker, Linda L. Curtis

Journal of Marine Research

Dissolved vitamin B12 concentrations in the Peconic Bay estuary, Long Island, were determined over a seasonal period by assay with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H….


Reply To 'Do Oceanic Zooplankton Aggregate At, Or Near, The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum?', P. B. Ortner, P. H. Wiebe, J. L. Cox Jan 1981

Reply To 'Do Oceanic Zooplankton Aggregate At, Or Near, The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum?', P. B. Ortner, P. H. Wiebe, J. L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

We appreciate the time and attention given our paper by Longhurst and Herman and the opportunity to reply to their critique. Unfortunately, we believe their difficulties with the presentation of our data are more subjective than substantive. In fact, we believe a careful reading of our text will show that our conclusions are suitably conservative....


Atmospheric Transport Of Organochlorines In The North Atlantic Gyre, Terry F. Bidleman, Eric J. Christensen, W. Neil Billings, Ross Leonard Jan 1981

Atmospheric Transport Of Organochlorines In The North Atlantic Gyre, Terry F. Bidleman, Eric J. Christensen, W. Neil Billings, Ross Leonard

Journal of Marine Research

Chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) circulating over the North Atlantic were measured during 1977-78 at Barbados and during the 1977 summer at the southern tip of Newfoundland. Total organochlorines were collected using a glass fiber filter backed up by a polyurethane foam trap, and were analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography on packed and glass capillary columns....


Bathypelagic Marine Snow: Deep-Sea Algal And Detrital Community, Mary Wilcox Silver, Alice L. Alldredge Jan 1981

Bathypelagic Marine Snow: Deep-Sea Algal And Detrital Community, Mary Wilcox Silver, Alice L. Alldredge

Journal of Marine Research

Using the research submersible ALVIN, we have observed and collected marine• snow (fragile macroscopic aggregates), in two basins off Southern California. Marine snow was present throughout the water column, with several layers of higher concentrations in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones. We collected the first intact specimens from the deep sea at 1000 and 1650 m depths and examined these by light and electron microscopy....


Tidal Stirring And The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Long Island And Block Island Sounds, Malcolm J. Bowman, Wayne E. Esaias, Michele B. Schnitzer Jan 1981

Tidal Stirring And The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Long Island And Block Island Sounds, Malcolm J. Bowman, Wayne E. Esaias, Michele B. Schnitzer

Journal of Marine Research

Phytoplankton distributions in Long Island and Block Island Sounds measured during a 1978 fall equinox cruise are interpreted in terms of tidal mixing variations and water column stratification. A stratification depth-scaled-by-light diagram is used to quantify the preferred physical environments of the two major morphological groups (diatoms and microflagellates). The success of the method in clearly distinguishing these physical regimes suggests its value as a useful biological growth index in estuarine systems.


Topographic Waves Along 70°W On The Continental Rise, Nelson Hogg Jan 1981

Topographic Waves Along 70°W On The Continental Rise, Nelson Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Moored observations of current and temperature at 15 sites on the Continental Rise south of Cape Cod are analyzed using the method of "empirical orthogonal functions." The first mode accounts for a majority of the observed variance for motions with periods ranging from 8.3 to 108 days....


Sediment-Mediated Interactions In A Densely Populated Infaunal Assemblage: The Effects Of The Polychaete Abarenicola Pacifica, W. Herbert Wilson Jr. Jan 1981

Sediment-Mediated Interactions In A Densely Populated Infaunal Assemblage: The Effects Of The Polychaete Abarenicola Pacifica, W. Herbert Wilson Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Experimental data were collected to assess the effect of a bioturbating species on associated tube-building species in an infauna! community. The deposit-feeding polychaete Abarenicola pacifica feeds below the sediment surface and deposits sediment on the surface in the form of castings....


Models Of The Distribution Of 210pb In A Section Across The North Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Derek W. Spencer, Michael P. Bacon, Peter G. Brewer Jan 1981

Models Of The Distribution Of 210pb In A Section Across The North Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Derek W. Spencer, Michael P. Bacon, Peter G. Brewer

Journal of Marine Research

The deficiency of 210Pb relative to 226Ra in the world's deep ocean is well documented, and the overall residence time of 210Pb bas been calculated to be about 15-100 years. It has been assumed, generally, that the removal mechanism is one of in situ adsorption on settling particles, but Bacon et al. (1976) suggested that a boundary scavenging process with diffusive and advective fluxes of 210Pb from the interior ocean may be a significant factor....


Baroclinic Transport In The Gulf Of Alaska Part I. Seasonal Variations Of The Alaska Current, Thomas C. Royer Jan 1981

Baroclinic Transport In The Gulf Of Alaska Part I. Seasonal Variations Of The Alaska Current, Thomas C. Royer

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature and salinity sections which intersect the Alaska Current are used to determine the baroclinic, geostropbic current on 21 occasions from 1975 to 1977. A sinusoidal curve-fitting technique is applied to these Alaska Current estimates and others available in the literature to statistically test the flow for an annual signal....


The Antarctic Influence On Antarctic Intermediate Water, Eugene J. Molinelli Jan 1981

The Antarctic Influence On Antarctic Intermediate Water, Eugene J. Molinelli

Journal of Marine Research

lsopycnal geostrophic flow is postulated within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The major consequence of this is that a strong source (at least 3 × 106m3sec-1) of water with Antarctic Intermediate Water densities (σ0 = 27.2 to 27.3) and cold, fresh Antarctic Zone characteristics must occur in the southeast Pacific Ocean. This is consistent with the formation of isohaline thermoclines in the Subantarctic Zone of the southeast Pacific....


Vitamin Levels In The Gulf Of Maine And Ecological Significance Of Vitamin B12 There, Dorothy G. Swift Jan 1981

Vitamin Levels In The Gulf Of Maine And Ecological Significance Of Vitamin B12 There, Dorothy G. Swift

Journal of Marine Research

Bioassays were used to determine the concentration of vitamin B12, cobamides (B12 + analogs), thiamin, and biotin in Gulf of Maine water samples from winter, the spring bloom, and summer….


Light Inhibition Of Nitrification In Sea-Surface Films, S. G. Horrigan, A. F. Carlucci, P. M. Williams Jan 1981

Light Inhibition Of Nitrification In Sea-Surface Films, S. G. Horrigan, A. F. Carlucci, P. M. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

Nitrifying bacteria (ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers) were isolated from sea-surface films collected in the Gulf of California. Laboratory studies indicate substrate oxidation by these isolates is inhibited by light. Ammonia-oxidizers showed lower nitrifying activity and a longer lag time when held in an 8-hr light:16-hr dark regime compared to those held completely in the dark, and nitrite-oxidizers showed nitrifying activity only when held in the dark. Tracer studies using 15N-ammonia corroborate that little or no nitrification occurs in the surface films of subtropical seas.


Field Assessment Of Sediment Traps, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1980

Field Assessment Of Sediment Traps, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment traps whose particle collection abilities had been calibrated in a laboratory flume at velocities of 0, 4, and 9 cm/sec were deployed in natural bodies of water to intercalibrate larger traps under current conditions ranging from tranquil to over 20 cm/sec. For cylinders, the height to width ratio is the controlling factor of the mass of sediment collected. Traps can be scaled up in size and maintain a similar (though not necessarily correct) collection rate....


Sediment Trap Dynamics And Calibration: A Laboratory Evaluation, Wilford D. Gardner Jan 1980

Sediment Trap Dynamics And Calibration: A Laboratory Evaluation, Wilford D. Gardner

Journal of Marine Research

The flow dynamics and particle trapping characteristics of several designs of sediment traps were investigated using dye, sea-water, and deep-sea !utite in a recirculating flume and fish tank at velocities of 0, 4, and 9 cm/sec. Particles are collected through a process of fluid exchange rather than falling freely into a trap. The efficiency of a trap is therefore a function of the residence time and circulation pattern of fluid within the trap, processes which are controlled primarily by trap geometry and secondarily by current velocity....


Weakly Depth-Dependent Segments Of The North Atlantic Circulation, William J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1980

Weakly Depth-Dependent Segments Of The North Atlantic Circulation, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Time-averaged horizontal currents obtained from long-term moored instruments deployed in the western North Atlantic over the Sohm Abyssal Plain along 55W exhibit two segments of weakly depth-dependent flow: one, near 36N, predominantly westward and narrow or jet-like (~ 200 km wide or less); the second primarily eastward, located near 37.5N, about 200-300 km south of the mean position of the axis of the Gulf Stream...


Deep And Bottom Water In The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, J. G. Harvey Jan 1980

Deep And Bottom Water In The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, J. G. Harvey

Journal of Marine Research

Historical temperature and salinity data from the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, including some 100 occupations of OWS "Charlie" between 1964 and 1973, have been examined. The spatial distribution of the value of the deep salinity maximum is consistent with the core of Iceland-Scotland overflow water passing westward through the Fracture Zone in the depth interval 2500 to 3000 m....


A Note On Frictional Effects In Taylor's Problem, Michele M. Rienecker, Michael D. Teubner Jan 1980

A Note On Frictional Effects In Taylor's Problem, Michele M. Rienecker, Michael D. Teubner

Journal of Marine Research

Taylor's tidal problem of the reflection of a Kelvin wave in a semi-infinite rotating channel is modified here by considering the effect of the inclusion of fri ction in the analysis. Results are obtained using Galerkin and Collocation methods to satisfy the end boundary condition, and these are compared with results given by other authors for the nonfriction case.


Anomalous Water Mass Distributions At 55w In The North Atlantic In 1977, Michael S. Mccartney, L. Valentine Worthington, Mary E. Raymer Jan 1980

Anomalous Water Mass Distributions At 55w In The North Atlantic In 1977, Michael S. Mccartney, L. Valentine Worthington, Mary E. Raymer

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrographic section made in July 1977 from the research vessel KNORR revealed a large-scale meridional distortion of the normal water mass distributions at 55W in the North Atlantic. Cells of pure Labrador Sea Water were found within both the Gulf Stream and the westward recirculation of the gyre. A large cell of Mediterranean Water was found in the Slope Water, in contact with a cell of Subarctic Intermediate Water....


A Dynamical Interpretation Of Low Frequency Motions Near Very Rough Topography----The Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone, N. G. Hogg, W. J. Schmitz Jr. Jan 1980

A Dynamical Interpretation Of Low Frequency Motions Near Very Rough Topography----The Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone, N. G. Hogg, W. J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

As a sequel to Schmitz and Hogg (1978), nine-month moored observations of current and temperature from the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone are further described, and then interpreted in terms of low frequency quasigeostrophic motions. Large vertical and horizontal changes are observed in the variance of both mean and fluctuating components. It is demonstrated that these changes could be associated with the (complex) nature of the topography....


Radiogenic Helium In Baffin Bay Bottom Water, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke, W. C. Eismont, E. P. Jones Jan 1980

Radiogenic Helium In Baffin Bay Bottom Water, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke, W. C. Eismont, E. P. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

3He-4He ratios, dissolved He and Ne, and tritium have been measured in 87 seawater samples collected at 14 stations in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and in the sounds through which Arctic water flows into Baffin Bay….


Rossby Wave Analysis Of The Baroclinic Potential Energy In The Upper 500 Meters Of The North Pacific, James M. Price, Lorenz Magaard Jan 1980

Rossby Wave Analysis Of The Baroclinic Potential Energy In The Upper 500 Meters Of The North Pacific, James M. Price, Lorenz Magaard

Journal of Marine Research

Time series of baroclinic potential energy in the upper 500 meters of the North Pacific (20-50N, 145E-130W) prepared by White (1977a) are analyzed by spectral and cross-spectral methods in the period range from 2 to 10 years. Maximum energy occurs in the 7 to 10 year range over the entire data field. In the 20-30N zone we find first order baroclinic Rossby waves with wave lengths of about 1000 to 3000 km to be the dominating phenomenon in the 7 to 10 year range....


Properties For Inverse Analysis Of Sound Propagation In Simple Oceanic Waveguides, Carl Wunsch Jan 1980

Properties For Inverse Analysis Of Sound Propagation In Simple Oceanic Waveguides, Carl Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

For a source and receiver on the axis of a deep sound channel we solve the two point boundary value problem for the arriving sound pulse using the classical ray theory approximation. The procedure is a generalization of that of Munk (1974) and we emphasize the determination of parameter changes in the sound channel by inverse techniques. The 'canonical' profile of Munk is shown to give an arrival structure qualitatively different from an observed profile....


Epipsammic Browsing And Deposit-Feeding In Mud Snails (Hydrobiidae), Glenn R. Lopez, Lars H. Kofoed Jan 1980

Epipsammic Browsing And Deposit-Feeding In Mud Snails (Hydrobiidae), Glenn R. Lopez, Lars H. Kofoed

Journal of Marine Research

A study of feeding behavior of Hydrobia ulvae Pennant, H. ventrosa Montagu, H. neglecta Muus, and Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Smith (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) on a wide size range of sediment fractions showed that these snails are capable of feeding on material adhering to sediment particles by swallowing small particles (deposit-feeding), and by browsing upon particle surfaces, which we call "epipsammic browsing"....


Denitrification Rates In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific, L. A. Codispoti, T. T. Packard Jan 1980

Denitrification Rates In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific, L. A. Codispoti, T. T. Packard

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of microbial metabolism suggest that the denitrification rate in the oxygen deficient waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific was approximately 2.5 × 1013g N yr-1 during September 1976-May 1977. This rate may be considerably higher than the rate that existed before ~ 1972....


An Analysis Of Factors Affecting Oxygen Depletion In The New York Bight, Paul G. Falkowski, Thomas S. Hopkins, John J. Walsh Jan 1980

An Analysis Of Factors Affecting Oxygen Depletion In The New York Bight, Paul G. Falkowski, Thomas S. Hopkins, John J. Walsh

Journal of Marine Research

Low oxygen water, of varying spatial extent, has been observed during the summer over past years in the New York Bight. In the summer of 1976 a $60 million loss of shellfish resulted from anoxia along the New Jersey coast. The development of anoxia has been attributed to increased anthropogenic carbon loading from urban areas adjacent to the Bight...


Long-Term Water Movements In The Southern Trough Of The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, Robert R. Dickson, Paul A. Gurbutt, Kenneth J. Medler Jan 1980

Long-Term Water Movements In The Southern Trough Of The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, Robert R. Dickson, Paul A. Gurbutt, Kenneth J. Medler

Journal of Marine Research

The first long-term (250 d) current measurements from the southern trough of the CharlieGibbs Fracture Zone indicate persistent westward flow along the north wall and a steady eastward drift along the lower south wall. Net volume transport varies from westerly to easterly with a 2-3 month periodicity, but no seasonal cycle is evident. Overall, the separate westward and eastward transports are in balance....


Anatomy Of An Oil Spill: Long-Term Effects From The Grounding Of The Barge Florida Off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, Howard L. Sanders, J. Frederick Grassle, George R. Hampson, Linda S. Morse, Susan Garner-Price, Carol C. Jones Jan 1980

Anatomy Of An Oil Spill: Long-Term Effects From The Grounding Of The Barge Florida Off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, Howard L. Sanders, J. Frederick Grassle, George R. Hampson, Linda S. Morse, Susan Garner-Price, Carol C. Jones

Journal of Marine Research

To determine carefully the effects on the marine and estuarine benthos of Number 2 fuel oil spilled by the barge FLORIDA off West Falmouth, Massachusetts, we sampled for many months along an onshore-offshore gradient of pollution, and less intensively at unoiled sites. Analyses of hydrocarbons established that pollution was greatest and most persistent in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Wild Harbor River, less severe in degree and duration at stations farthest from shore....


Anticyclonic Eddies Generated Near The Corner Rise Seamounts, P. L. Richardson Jan 1980

Anticyclonic Eddies Generated Near The Corner Rise Seamounts, P. L. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

During 1977 two freely drifting buoys, originally in the Gulf Stream, looped over and in the lee of the Corner Rise seamounts. The trajectories suggest that by mid-August an anticyclonic eddy was generated over the seamounts, where it remained for six weeks....


Photoinhibition Of Photosynthesis In Natural Assemblages Of Marine Phytoplankton, T. Platt, C. L. Gallegos, W. G. Harrison Jan 1980

Photoinhibition Of Photosynthesis In Natural Assemblages Of Marine Phytoplankton, T. Platt, C. L. Gallegos, W. G. Harrison

Journal of Marine Research

A new empirical equation is introduced that describes the photosynthesis by phytoplankton as a single, continuous function of available light from the initial linear response through the photoinhibited range at the highest light levels liable to be encountered under any natural conditions. The properties of the curve are derived, and a procedure is given for fitting it to the results of light-saturation experiments for phytoplankton....