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Heat Content Changes Within The Mixed Layer Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Christian Henin, Jean-René Donguy Jan 1980

Heat Content Changes Within The Mixed Layer Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Christian Henin, Jean-René Donguy

Journal of Marine Research

Under usual conditions, the Western Equatorial Pacific is characterized by a low heat content on the equator and a maximum one west of 170E. After the appearance of EI Nino, this maximum is replaced by another one located in the Central South Pacific; this feature has been observed in 1972-73 but also in 1957-58 and 1976-77. The mechanism involves probable change of the mixed layer depth.


Vorticity Transfer By Tidal Currents Over An Irregular Topography, J. T.F. Zimmerman Jan 1980

Vorticity Transfer By Tidal Currents Over An Irregular Topography, J. T.F. Zimmerman

Journal of Marine Research

Production of topographic vorticity by vortex stretching and bottom friction in circularly rotating currents in shallow tidal areas is studied as a function of topographic length scale. It is shown that vorticity is transferred from the oscillating field to the mean (residual) field and to higher harmonics (the overtides). For a given slope in the bottom topography the transfer is largest for a topographic wave length of the order of the tidal displacement amplitude....


Hydrographic Variability In An Upwelling Area Off Northern Baja California In June 1976, Eric D. Barton, Maria Luisa Argote Jan 1980

Hydrographic Variability In An Upwelling Area Off Northern Baja California In June 1976, Eric D. Barton, Maria Luisa Argote

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic, wind and current observations were made near Punta Colonet, Baja California at the peak of the upwelling season in June 1976. The mean hydrographic fields were typical of the seasonal mean upwelling over the continental shelf and the poleward undercurrent confined to a narrow zone (<20 km) over the slope....


Upwelling In The Humboldt Coastal Current Near Valparaiso, Chile, Donald R. Johnson, Thomas Fonseca, Helmuth Sievers Jan 1980

Upwelling In The Humboldt Coastal Current Near Valparaiso, Chile, Donald R. Johnson, Thomas Fonseca, Helmuth Sievers

Journal of Marine Research

In December, 1975, an upwelling study was conducted at Punta Curaumilla near Valparaiso, Chile. Previous work (Silva, 1973) had indicated a zone of relatively intense upwelling around this point of land. In the present study , a bathythermograph survey confirmed the presence of the intensification, identified as a tongue of cool water extending seaward and equatorward of the point. Following Arthur's (1965) scale analysis it is suggested that the acceleration of relative vorticity past the point of land is responsible for intensification....


The Response Of A Harpacticoid Copepod Community To A Small-Scale Natural Disturbance, David Thistle Jan 1980

The Response Of A Harpacticoid Copepod Community To A Small-Scale Natural Disturbance, David Thistle

Journal of Marine Research

Evidence is accumul ating that natural disturbances can influence marine hard-bottom communities. The importance of disturbances in marine soft-bottom communities is less well known, particularly where the disturbed patch is small. In a subtidal site off the Florida panhandle (29° 54.0' N, 84° 37.8' W), enteropneusts (Ptychodera bahamensis) create numerous fecal mounds (median diameter is 5 cm) on the sediment surface....


Relationships Between Oceanic Epizooplankton Distributions And The Seasonal Deep Chlorophyll Maximum In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Peter B. Ortner, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox Jan 1980

Relationships Between Oceanic Epizooplankton Distributions And The Seasonal Deep Chlorophyll Maximum In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Peter B. Ortner, Peter H. Wiebe, James L. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

The potential significance of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) as a food resource for pelagic food chains was studied in three hydrographic regimes of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean: the Slope Water, the Northern Sargasso Sea and a Gulf Stream cold core ring....


Tritium And 3he In The Sargasso Sea, William J. Jenkins Jan 1980

Tritium And 3he In The Sargasso Sea, William J. Jenkins

Journal of Marine Research

The systematics of tritium (3H), 3He and 3H-3He dating are investigated for oceanic mixing systems responding to the North Atlantic surface water tritium transient. Although the 3H-3He age is a single valued function of the "true" mixing age, verbatim acceptance of the 3H-3He age will result in a substantial underestimate of the mixing age for systems with timescales approaching the time elapsed since the tritium transient (1964-1965) or greater....


Interannual Variability In The Baroclinic Gyre Structure Of The Western North Pacific From 1954-1974, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma Jan 1980

Interannual Variability In The Baroclinic Gyre Structure Of The Western North Pacific From 1954-1974, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma

Journal of Marine Research

In the western North Pacific from 0-35N 130-180E, the vertical and horizontal thermal structure of the baroclinic gyre systems in the region from 0-400 m depth has been mapped on a yearly basis from 1954-1974. From this measure of the baroclinic field of mass, the dynamic height (0/400 db) has been computed for each year, yielding geostrophic current indices of the major zonal currents....


Sediment Trap Experiments In The Deep North Atlantic: Isotopic And Elemental Fluxes, Peter G. Brewer, Yoshiyuki Nozaki, Derek W. Spencer, Alan P. Fleer Jan 1980

Sediment Trap Experiments In The Deep North Atlantic: Isotopic And Elemental Fluxes, Peter G. Brewer, Yoshiyuki Nozaki, Derek W. Spencer, Alan P. Fleer

Journal of Marine Research

We have carried out sediment trap experiments at sites in the Sargasso Sea (S2) and in the Atlantic off Barbados (E) to determine the mass flux and chemical composition of material sinking to the sea floor….


The Influence Of Adults On The Settlement Of Spat Of The Clam, Tapes Japonica, John G. Williams Jan 1980

The Influence Of Adults On The Settlement Of Spat Of The Clam, Tapes Japonica, John G. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

Substratum abundances of adult Manila clams (Tapes japonica) were manipulated in July 1976 on a portion of a beach located in the southern region of Puget Sound, Washington. Differences in larval settlement of clam spat were measured between samples taken from substra ta having different abundances of adult clams....


Patterns Of Resource Utilization And Coexistence In Marine Intertidal Deposit-Feeding Communities, Robert B. Whitlatch Jan 1980

Patterns Of Resource Utilization And Coexistence In Marine Intertidal Deposit-Feeding Communities, Robert B. Whitlatch

Journal of Marine Research

Patterns of foraging and distribution of 19 species of infauna! deposit-feeding annelids are described from several intertidal soft-substratum habitats. Two major feeding groups were recognized: surface and sub-surface foragers. In both feeding groups, between-habitat species richness was positively correlated with food-resource supplies in sediments....


Bioerosion By Two Rock Boring Echinoids (Echinometra Mathaei And Echinostrephus Aciculatus) On Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, Anthony R. Russo Jan 1980

Bioerosion By Two Rock Boring Echinoids (Echinometra Mathaei And Echinostrephus Aciculatus) On Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, Anthony R. Russo

Journal of Marine Research

Bioerosion can be important to the configuration and destruction of coral reefs. Echinoids as grazers and burrowers can contribute significantly to coral reef erosion. Studies done on the turnover of gut contents of the two major burrowing echinoids on Enewetak atoll (Echinometra mathaei and Echinostrephus aciculatus) show a range of total CaCO2 erosion by both species from 80-325 g m-2 y-1....


Critical Layers And The Garrett-Munk Spectrum, Barry Ruddick Jan 1980

Critical Layers And The Garrett-Munk Spectrum, Barry Ruddick

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of critical level absorption of oceanic internal waves by a mean flow are estimated using the Garrett and Munk (1975) model spectrum. The horizontal currents of the wave field are found to be more intense perpendicular to the mean flow than parallel to it. The cause of this anisotropy is preferential absorption of waves travelling with the mean flow. However, the current anisotropy is only half as large as would be necessary to explain Frankignoul's (1974) observations....


In Situ Measurements Of Sea-Surface Film Potentials, P. M. Williams, E. S. Van Vleet, C. R. Booth Jan 1980

In Situ Measurements Of Sea-Surface Film Potentials, P. M. Williams, E. S. Van Vleet, C. R. Booth

Journal of Marine Research

A sensitive electrode system has been built for measuring in situ sea-surface potenti als from a mobile platform. The initial results of this study point out the patchy nature of the surface films in some "slick" areas as well as in non-"slick" regions, and illustrate the potential usefulness of this technique in measuring film formation and alteration rates.


Circulation Near The Newfoundland Ridge, D. G. Mountain, J. L. Shuhy Jan 1980

Circulation Near The Newfoundland Ridge, D. G. Mountain, J. L. Shuhy

Journal of Marine Research

Mesoscale eddies (25 to 150 km diameter) are observed to occur along the crest of the Newfoundland Ridge and have water properties that suggest an origin near the Tail of the Bank. The eddies appear to be important features of the circulation over the Ridge....


The Geochemistry Of Iodine And Bromine In Sediments Of The Panama Basin, T. F. Pedersen, N. B. Price Jan 1980

The Geochemistry Of Iodine And Bromine In Sediments Of The Panama Basin, T. F. Pedersen, N. B. Price

Journal of Marine Research

The areal and vertical distribution of iodine, bromine and organic carbon has been examined in a suite of sediment cores from the Panama Basin. Both halogens are approximately correlative with organic carbon in surface sediments. The concentrations of all three elements vary sympathetically but considerably with depth, especially in equatorial carbonate oozes where a distinct mid-depth (40-80 cm) concentration maximum is observed....


Material Fluxes And Modes Of Sedimentation In The Mesopelagic And Bathypelagic Zones, Susumu Honjo Jan 1980

Material Fluxes And Modes Of Sedimentation In The Mesopelagic And Bathypelagic Zones, Susumu Honjo

Journal of Marine Research

Initial results from samples collected during three sediment trapping experiments at three deep ocean stations in the central Sargasso Sea, the tropical Atlantic and the central North Atlantic are reported in this paper. At each station a moored array with four or five PARFLUX Mark II sediment traps with an opening of 1.5 m2 was deployed through 4,000 m to near bottom for 61 to 110 days....


Upwelling In The Gulf Of Guinea, S. G.H. Philander Jan 1979

Upwelling In The Gulf Of Guinea, S. G.H. Philander

Journal of Marine Research

Upwelling along the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea occurs only between June and October even though the local winds are favorable for upwelling throughout the year and have no seasonal variability. Away from the coast, near the equator for example, the winds do vary seasonally and cause large scale oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Guinea to change seasonally....


The Effect Of Sewage On Uptake Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Carbon By Natural Populations Of Marine Phytoplankton, Jane J. Macisaac, Richard C. Dugdale, Susan A. Huntsman, H. Lee Conway Jan 1979

The Effect Of Sewage On Uptake Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Carbon By Natural Populations Of Marine Phytoplankton, Jane J. Macisaac, Richard C. Dugdale, Susan A. Huntsman, H. Lee Conway

Journal of Marine Research

The short-term effect of sewage effluent on nitrogen and carbon productivity of natural marine phytoplankton obtained near two California outfalls has been studied. Uptake of ammonium was shown to be inhibited at much lower effluent concentrations than was carbon uptake. Since the populations studied were shown to exhibit Michaelis-Menten kinetics for ammonium uptake, a precise measurement of inhibition could be obtained. The results have immediate application since the phytoplankton populations of the area studied have been shown previously to be nitrogen limited.


Hydrological Structure Analysis For Estimating The Primary Production In The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, A. Herbland, B. Voituriez Jan 1979

Hydrological Structure Analysis For Estimating The Primary Production In The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, A. Herbland, B. Voituriez

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distribution of the parameters involved in primary production was studied on a large number of stations of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. A statistical analysis and an ecological interpretation are used to point out a typical tropical structure (TTS) of the tropical ecosystem in the euphotic layer....


On The Eddy Statistics In A Ring-Rich Area: A Hypothesis Of Bimodal Structure, Kuh Kim, Thomas Rossby Jan 1979

On The Eddy Statistics In A Ring-Rich Area: A Hypothesis Of Bimodal Structure, Kuh Kim, Thomas Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

A hypothesis is introduced in constructing the statistics of an eddy field, which distinguishes Gulf Stream rings as a separate anomalous feature from the rnesoscale eddy field. Analysis of XBT sections between New York City and Bermuda with rings removed indicates that the therrnocline deepens toward the Gulf Stream from Bermuda and the r.rn.s. displacement of the 15°C isotherm is 50 m or less....


A Procedure For Independently Estimating Blanks And Uncertainties For Measured Values Of 90sr And 137cs Concentrations In The Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston Jan 1979

A Procedure For Independently Estimating Blanks And Uncertainties For Measured Values Of 90sr And 137cs Concentrations In The Atlantic Ocean, S. L. Kupferman, H. D. Livingston

Journal of Marine Research

A procedure has been developed for independently estimating blanks and measurement uncertainties for measured values of 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations in the Atlantic Ocean. The procedure depends on delineation of a region in the Atlantic Ocean which has never contained measurable quantities of these fission products. Such a region is defined....


Effects Of The Light Regime On Nutrient Assimilation By Phytoplankton In The Baja California And Northwest Africa Upwelling Systems, David M. Nelson, H. Lee Conway Jan 1979

Effects Of The Light Regime On Nutrient Assimilation By Phytoplankton In The Baja California And Northwest Africa Upwelling Systems, David M. Nelson, H. Lee Conway

Journal of Marine Research

The ability of natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Baja California and northwest Africa upwelling regions to assimilate nitrate, ammonium and silicic acid at simulated in situ light intensity and in the dark, was determined in 6 hr tracer experiments using the stable isotopes 15N and 30Si. Nitrate was almost never taken up in the dark, but dark uptake rates of ammonium and silicic acid ranged from zero to values equal to those measured at saturating light intensity....


Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions, Iii: The Linear Equatorial Basin Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik Jan 1979

Forced Baroclinic Ocean Motions, Iii: The Linear Equatorial Basin Case, Mark A. Cane, E. S. Sarachik

Journal of Marine Research

Previous work on the linear spin-up of an equatorial ocean is extended to include the specific effects of the north-south extent of the basin, thus allowing a detailed comparison of analytic spin-up theory with numerical calculations….


A One-Dimensional Model Of Meridional Oceanic Heat Transport, John A.T. Bye Jan 1979

A One-Dimensional Model Of Meridional Oceanic Heat Transport, John A.T. Bye

Journal of Marine Research

A one-dimensional model for the global meridional oceanic heat transport flux distribution is established which indicates the dominant role of the Ekman heat transports between 35N and 30S, in which the depth averaged ocean temperature is approximately constant, and of the Ekman and diffusive transports at higher latitudes where the depth-average temperature decreases....


Effects Of Variations In Eddy Diffusivity On Property Distributions In The Oceans, Laurence Armi Jan 1979

Effects Of Variations In Eddy Diffusivity On Property Distributions In The Oceans, Laurence Armi

Journal of Marine Research

The hypothesis that variations in eddy diffusivity may be responsible for some of the observed distributions of oceanic scalars is explored. A gradient in eddy diffusivity affects property distributions much as would an additional velocity field from regions of high to low eddy diffusivity. In support of such an interpretation, the cross-isopycnal distribution of density is compared with an eddy diffusivity prescribed by the combination of boundary mixing and isopycnal exchange....


Small-Scale Patterns And Processes In A Soft-Substratum, Intertidal Community, James E. Eckman Jan 1979

Small-Scale Patterns And Processes In A Soft-Substratum, Intertidal Community, James E. Eckman

Journal of Marine Research

Experimental manipulations and direct observations were combined to study small-scale dispersion patterns and their causes in an intertidal sand-flat community numerically dominated by sessile and sedentary tube dwellers. Individuals of several species exhibited gregariousness at scales as small as one centimeter. Experiments in which needles were placed in sediments to simulate animal tubes suggested that organisms are affected by patterns of flow which change over distances of several millimeters to a centimeter.


The Feeding Response Of Copepods From The Peru Upwelling System: Food Size Selection, Timothy J. Cowles Jan 1979

The Feeding Response Of Copepods From The Peru Upwelling System: Food Size Selection, Timothy J. Cowles

Journal of Marine Research

Two cruises to the Peru upwelling in 1976 and 1977 provided the opportunity to examine the feeding response of Centropages brachiatus, Calanus chilensis, and Eucalanus inermis. The shipboard experiments with naturally occurring particulate matter were designed to test two hypotheses: 1) that food size selectivity by a copepod is a function of overall food concentration, and 2) that a copepod varies the range of food sizes ingested as a function of food concentration and available food size....


Distribution, Fluxes And Biological Utilization Of Inorganic Nitrogen During A Spring Bloom In The New York Bight, H. Lee Conway, Terry E. Whitledge Jan 1979

Distribution, Fluxes And Biological Utilization Of Inorganic Nitrogen During A Spring Bloom In The New York Bight, H. Lee Conway, Terry E. Whitledge

Journal of Marine Research

The utilization of ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) by natural phytoplankton communities was measured during a Ceratium tripos-dominated spring bloom in the New York Bight….


Influence Of Amazon River Discharge On The Marine Production System Off Barbados, West Indies, Robert Kidd, Finn Sander Jan 1979

Influence Of Amazon River Discharge On The Marine Production System Off Barbados, West Indies, Robert Kidd, Finn Sander

Journal of Marine Research

The present investigation compares hydrography, nutrient chemistry and related biological par ameters between periods of extensive and limited influence of Amazon River waters at Barbados….