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2024

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Education Of Today Is The Security Of Tomorrow!: Strengthening The Capacities To Create Secure Environments With Cultural Education, Raphael Vergin, Hannah Reich Phd Dec 2024

Education Of Today Is The Security Of Tomorrow!: Strengthening The Capacities To Create Secure Environments With Cultural Education, Raphael Vergin, Hannah Reich Phd

Kritika Kultura

Human security as a people’s perspective on security with a focus on human well-being and relationship-building offers promising alternative concepts to state-centered and structure- focused security strategies. Security is more than increasing weapons, fences and survey cameras. To our understanding, it is something else and involves entirely different mindsets. It demands a people’s perspective on security in which citizenship includes the capacity to create secure surroundings. People can be supported to “learn” security and to focus on their capacities. The subjective dimensions of security, including a person’s emotional management, can be trained. This is why we argue that three dimensions …

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Introduction: Manga Beyond Critique?, Jaqueline Berndt Dec 2024

Introduction: Manga Beyond Critique?, Jaqueline Berndt

Kritika Kultura

This introduction to the special issue “Manga Culture and Critique” takes as its point of departure a stark contrast to English-language comics discourse, namely that in contemporary Japan manga is only rarely expected to serve as a means of social critique, at least insofar as the by now predominant notion is concerned, i.e. manga as entertaining graphic narratives first serialized in magazines, inviting readers’ affective investment and fans’ participation in more ways than reading. The special-issue articles, however, consider more notions of manga: single-image satirical cartoons on the one pole, “AMO (anime-manga-otaku) culture” on the other. And even if focusing …

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From Healing To Hope: The Continuing Influence Of The Chilean Arpilleras, T. Randahl Morris Ph.D., Apr Dec 2024

From Healing To Hope: The Continuing Influence Of The Chilean Arpilleras, T. Randahl Morris Ph.D., Apr

Kritika Kultura

Since the 1970s, instances of widespread societal terror and extermination have proliferated. The source of such conflicts may involve entities outside of a country but, often, the parties involved in the conflict are states and their citizens. These types of social injustices and human rights atrocities tear apart the very fabric of a society, often resulting from internal wars which pit people who previously lived side-by-side against one another. A constant in these conflicts is the silencing of communication on many levels which creates an opening for multiple forms of art to function as communicative media, visual testimony, and human …

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German Art About War Today And A Century Ago: A Curator’S View, Martin Bayer Dec 2024

German Art About War Today And A Century Ago: A Curator’S View, Martin Bayer

Kritika Kultura

The First World War was a true caesura for mankind, also including the world of art. In its beginning, most German artists supported it, similar to many other intellectuals. The realities of the first global war turned artists such as Ernst Barlach into pacifists. Especially in Germany, expressionism was often chosen to address the horrors of war. Today, only a few artists are still well-known, such as Otto Dix, while the majority and their powerful works need to be rediscovered. German pacifism is deeply rooted in the dreadful experiences of both World Wars, and not the least of bearing the …

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Introduction, Brian Desmond, Antionette Mckane, Terry Phillips, Zoe Zontou Dec 2024

Introduction, Brian Desmond, Antionette Mckane, Terry Phillips, Zoe Zontou

Kritika Kultura

The introduction begins with an overview of the relationship of the arts and conflict over the last hundred years, pointing out the enduring influence of the First World War, and the influence of the arts on popular memory of that conflict, as well as the emergence of new technological art forms such as television and video installations. It discusses briefly the question of the relationship between arts and politics and provides some examples of problematic aspects of this relationship, for example in the British tradition of government- sponsored war art. It gives a historical and contemporary overview of the world-wide …

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From Leonardo To Picasso (1939–1953): The Masters Who Marked War And Peace In Milan, Silvia Colombo Dec 2024

From Leonardo To Picasso (1939–1953): The Masters Who Marked War And Peace In Milan, Silvia Colombo

Kritika Kultura

This paper intends to highlight the role the arts and the exhibition system had during WWII period in Milan—a strategic centre in the fields of politics, culture and economics. At that time we can notice two main occurrences: the Leonardo exhibition at Palazzo dell’Arte in 1939, and the Picasso solo show at Palazzo Reale in 1953. In the beginning of 1939 the war was more than a threat but, despite that, the fascist regime decided to organize a temporary exhibition dedicated to Leonardo with clear propaganda purposes. After WWII and the defeat of the regime, the public administration of the …

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Reconstructing Female Sex In Emergent Novels, Muhammad Alkali, Rosil Talif Dec 2024

Reconstructing Female Sex In Emergent Novels, Muhammad Alkali, Rosil Talif

Kritika Kultura

The notions of, which are at once both anti-masculinity and anti-femininity are topmost aspects of Negotiation-feminism. This new feminism emphasizes the fact that we owe feminism the power and honesty in reconciling the sexes in every prejudice against woman. The significant findings are that a very plausible answer, for example, to a previously unanswerable question has been found against domestic subjugation, and necessarily, such discourse as new novels by new writers on new woman is identifiable. The paper, therefore, argues for the need to step forward together between the sexes in the feminist aspects of exemplary Nigerian novels, demonstrating how …

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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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The Evolution Of The Concept And Practical Application Of Cultural Diversity In Korea, Sunhee Park Dec 2024

The Evolution Of The Concept And Practical Application Of Cultural Diversity In Korea, Sunhee Park

Kritika Kultura

The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions spurred Korean society to take an interest in and practice the concept of cultural diversity. Although the discourse on cultural diversity in Korea began from the fight to protect the domestic film industry over the screen quota system, it evolved to contribute ultimately to the growth of diversity within Korean society. This study examines how the cultural diversity discourse assisted Korea in overcoming the cognitive obstacles that Korean society faced in the process of transitioning into a multicultural society. In particular, this study reviews the role …

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Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri Dec 2024

Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses the notion of soft power and how Japan’s government has recently made use of imaginary characters from “manga” and “anime” to promote the country’s appeal. I focus on the official video clip for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, first released in 2016. This montage features not only Japan’s Prime Minister as well as Japanese athletes and show-business celebrities, but also fictional characters. On the one hand, this cast assists in creating a display of “official Japaneseness” as a presentation strategy for the 2020 Olympics host country, deploying Shinzō Abe as a testimonial. On the other hand, while fiction …

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Does Copyright Help Or Harm Cultural Diversity In The Digital Age?, Sean A. Pager Dec 2024

Does Copyright Help Or Harm Cultural Diversity In The Digital Age?, Sean A. Pager

Kritika Kultura

Does copyright advance cultural diversity or inhibit it? Some blame copyright for fostering a global monoculture. Others contend that copyright enhances diversity by encouraging originality. Similarly opposing narratives exist regarding piracy: Some see piracy as an existential threat that will cripple cultural production; others argue piracy expands markets and exposes audiences to diverse content. This article reviews both theoretical and empirical literature on copyright’s effects and on the conditions arising in copyright’s absence. It argues that a regime of modest copyright protection, with appropriately tailored limitations, is likely to prove most conducive to copyright diversity. The Article concludes with a …

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Building Consistent Policies On Subsidies In The Film Industry: Institutions And Instruments In France And Korea, Patrick Messerlin Dec 2024

Building Consistent Policies On Subsidies In The Film Industry: Institutions And Instruments In France And Korea, Patrick Messerlin

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores a much-neglected aspect of cultural policies: the role of the institutions in charge and the way they use the instruments at their disposal. It focuses on the film industry which offers the remarkable contrast on how the Korean film industry has outperformed the French one in less than twenty years. This paper provides three conclusions. First, it presents an economic analysis of the French and Korean institutions which shows that building a rich organization with a large degree of freedom for action and granting extensive subsidies is not a sure recipe for the success of the country’s …

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The Industrialization Of Korea's Performing Arts And Its Path For Globalization, Man-Soo Cho Dec 2024

The Industrialization Of Korea's Performing Arts And Its Path For Globalization, Man-Soo Cho

Kritika Kultura

This study examines whether Korea’s performing arts has the potential to create a Korean Wave, as K-Pop and K-drama have, and the shape in which such potential may take form. Korea’s performing arts underwent industrialization from the 1990s and into the 2000s, expanding its capacities for creativity, production, and distribution. Here, industrialization includes not only that of the commercial domain but also of the artistic domain, and this study reviews the process and shape of the industrialization in both domains. From the late 2000s, Korean musical theater and nonverbal performances saw a growth in their activities in overseas markets. However, …

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How Industrial Policies Shaped The Globalization Of The Chinese Film Industry Since The 1990s, Xiaolan Zhou Dec 2024

How Industrial Policies Shaped The Globalization Of The Chinese Film Industry Since The 1990s, Xiaolan Zhou

Kritika Kultura

The Chinese film industry experienced more than twenty years of reform that has brought undeniable success, however, it has been confronted by a dilemma in the context of globalization: The “coming in” of foreign films and investments is becoming increasingly convenient and profitable, whereas the “going out” of domestic films stays in a stagnant or even retrogressive situation. This issue results from an essential factor: the government’s intervention, as well as its policies. This article endeavors to study the duality of the government’s role in the film industry. First, it generally creates a favorable economic environment, which coincides with Stiglitz’s …

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Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan Dec 2024

Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan

Kritika Kultura

While the overall majority of Hallyu research has looked at the way fans consume Korean popular culture and how it influences their identity, this paper focuses on the way these fans serve as effective agents for marketing Hallyu and how their fandom empowers them to explore new business and social opportunities. Focusing on what we call “fan entrepreneurship,” this paper examines the evolvement of fan communities in Israel and their role as cultural agents transcending different cultural and social contexts. More specifically, it analyzes their role as promoters, distributers, and entrepreneurs of Hallyu. To examine fan entrepreneurship in action, we …

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Increasing Opportunity And Value In The Cultural Industries: A Comparative Analysis Of The Successful Clusters And Implications For Hallyu, Hwy-Chang Moon Dec 2024

Increasing Opportunity And Value In The Cultural Industries: A Comparative Analysis Of The Successful Clusters And Implications For Hallyu, Hwy-Chang Moon

Kritika Kultura

Despite the growing digitalization and globalization, the industrial map of the world remains to display high-level concentration of resources and productivity in certain geographical locations called clusters. These locations such as Silicon Valley and Hollywood continue to attract entrepreneurs and large firms, enjoying strong sustainability and competitiveness. As the agglomerate of diverse entities and institutions, clusters play a significant role for improving the overall growth of the industry. This is more evident in the cultural industries where the relatively high unpredictability, expanding scale of investments, and the importance of physical location for consuming cultural contents require firms and participants to …

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The Fandom Of Hallyu, A Tribe In The Digital Network Era: The Case Of Army Of Bts, Woongjo Chang, Shin-Eui Park Dec 2024

The Fandom Of Hallyu, A Tribe In The Digital Network Era: The Case Of Army Of Bts, Woongjo Chang, Shin-Eui Park

Kritika Kultura

Hallyu, the Korean Wave, has entered another stage with the emergence and dramatic success of BTS, a seven-member South Korean boy band, and its uniquely engaged fandom. The band’s fan club, ARMY of BTS, through their social media presence and other internet activities, is a significant factor in the band’s success. Unlike traditional fandom, ARMY has built a huge base of support by championing the message that everyone must find their own personal taste and voice, demonstrating in the process the tribal power of global fandom as a far-reaching cultural phenomenon that exceeds the scope of traditional fan clubs. Adopting …

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Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee Dec 2024

Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines how Korean game developers have been experiencing deepening conditions of precarity and makes a few suggestions regarding how they could overcome their structural limitations. Despite the remarkable growth in the Korean game industry, many underlying problems overshadow its success, such as labor exploitation, low wages, employment instability, and alienated labor. This paper uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the implications of the game industry market’s transition from PC online to the mobile game platform since the 2010s, which contributed to the industry’s deteriorating working condition and production system. Given this context, this study explores how the game …

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Synergistic Co-Operations In The Cosmetic Industry: Learning And Convergence Between Firms And Social Media, Yeon W. Lee Dec 2024

Synergistic Co-Operations In The Cosmetic Industry: Learning And Convergence Between Firms And Social Media, Yeon W. Lee

Kritika Kultura

Hallyu’s creative content, in the form of dramas, music, and movies, has not only expanded and popularized Korean beauty (or K-beauty) products, but has also helped sell Korean fashion and aesthetics throughout the world. This study examines the various success factors behind K-beauty’s competitiveness—particularly by emphasizing the interactive roles of creative content, cosmetic firms, and make-up artists working through their vlogs based on social media and the resultant convergence effects—which has propelled the rapid growth of the K-beauty industry. On top of the cosmetic firms that utilize diverse and effective strategies to penetrate the global market, professional and semi-professional make-up …

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Assessing The Impact Of Protectionism Upon The Performance Of Actors: The Case Of The French And Korean Film Industries, Hee Jun Kim, Maxime Martigane, Jimmyn Parc Dec 2024

Assessing The Impact Of Protectionism Upon The Performance Of Actors: The Case Of The French And Korean Film Industries, Hee Jun Kim, Maxime Martigane, Jimmyn Parc

Kritika Kultura

The film industry has received increasing attention due to social, cultural, and economic reasons. Consequently, many countries have introduced various measures to protect and promote it, particularly through the use of subsidies. So far, many works have focused on how protectionism affects the film industry with focus on production and consumption. In this regard, this paper focuses on the impact of protectionism upon the performance of actors by comparing the French and Korean film industries, which has been less studied. This paper reveals three interesting points that should be carefully considered in order to make effective policies for the film …

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From Record Contract To Artrepreneur? Musicians' Self-Management And The Changing Illusio In The Music Market, Holger Schwetter Dec 2024

From Record Contract To Artrepreneur? Musicians' Self-Management And The Changing Illusio In The Music Market, Holger Schwetter

Kritika Kultura

This article contrasts present conceptions of pop musicians’ career development with ideas from the 1960s to 1990s. It identifies two divergent key concepts: the artrepreneur and the record contract. As a counterpart, the article evaluates empirical findings from an interview study with German and US-American musicians to answer the following research question: How are concepts of career management advocated and how are they related to the musician’s practices? This research suggests that in the 1970s to 1990s, self-management was regarded as a necessary evil before getting a recording contract, which was seen as a central aim for musicians. This widespread …

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Strategy For The Cultural Contents Industry To Secure Competitive Advantage Using Fourth Industrial Revolution Technology, Jin Sup Jung, Min Jae Lee Dec 2024

Strategy For The Cultural Contents Industry To Secure Competitive Advantage Using Fourth Industrial Revolution Technology, Jin Sup Jung, Min Jae Lee

Kritika Kultura

With the coming of the fourth industrial revolution, cultural contents industry requires a new strategy to enhance its competitive advantages. As a result, governments and companies have been focusing their efforts on finding new business models and expanding the value chain in order to respond to the paradigm shift in a timely manner. This study aims to suggest new business model frameworks and strategies to create a paradigm shift by converging the characteristics of the fourth industrial revolution and cultural contents industry such as publishing, game, broadcasting, and character industry. First, we discuss how to upgrade cultural contents industry with …

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A New Model For Globalization In The Film Industry: Lessons From Sino-Us Film Co-Productions, Wenyan Yin Dec 2024

A New Model For Globalization In The Film Industry: Lessons From Sino-Us Film Co-Productions, Wenyan Yin

Kritika Kultura

International co-productions have become a dominant practice in the film industry. Within this emerging trend, China has become a major participant and is using it as an important method to enter the global market. Despite the enhanced globalization of the film industry, many preceding studies consider it as a national industry and investigate it from this context. Therefore, this paper uses the concept of the global value chain in order to understand more effectively the fragmentation of the film value chain. This framework helps examine how filmmakers denationalize the film value chain by collaborating with foreign partners on a global …

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Accumulated And Accumulable Cultures: The Case Of Public And Private Initiatives Toward K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Hwy-Chang Moon Dec 2024

Accumulated And Accumulable Cultures: The Case Of Public And Private Initiatives Toward K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Hwy-Chang Moon

Kritika Kultura

When it comes to the promotion of culture, many tend to highlight the vital role of public initiatives. This idea is based on the common perception that culture is part of the nation- state. This belief also stems from the confusion between two types of culture. To address such misperceptions, this paper emphasizes a distinction between accumulated and accumulable cultures: The former is associated with the nation-state and local conditions. Given that it has formed over a long period of time with the accumulation of related cultural practices, the need to protect it is strong. On the other hand, accumulable …

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The Next Growth Strategy For Hallyu: A Comparative Analysis Of Global Entertainment Firms, Yeon W. Lee, Kyuchan Kim Dec 2024

The Next Growth Strategy For Hallyu: A Comparative Analysis Of Global Entertainment Firms, Yeon W. Lee, Kyuchan Kim

Kritika Kultura

Previous policy approaches on Hallyu have been focused on the role of government engagement, particularly in fostering diversity and equal business opportunities for small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs). However, a more strategic approach to the cultural industries should be implemented by carefully examining the role of the private sector, particularly the role of large enterprises (LEs). This is important because LEs have an overarching and fundamentally differentiated role in increasing the size of industry through their expansive value-creating activities and diversified business areas. This study focuses on the complementary roles of SMEs and LEs in facilitating the growth of Hallyu by bringing …

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Hallyuwood: Korea's Comparative Advantage In The Global Motion Picture Industry, Sébastien Miroudot Dec 2024

Hallyuwood: Korea's Comparative Advantage In The Global Motion Picture Industry, Sébastien Miroudot

Kritika Kultura

After Hollywood and Bollywood, the recent success of the Korean motion picture industry has been described as the rise of “Hallyuwood,” suggesting that Korea has become the third pillar of the global motion picture industry. In order to explain the emergence of Hallyuwood, this paper uses a global value chain (GVC) approach and highlights some of the economic determinants in the internationalization of the Korean movie industry. Using input-output data and firm-level information, the paper first analyzes the position of Korea in the motion picture GVC and assesses the ways in which the movie production has become more global. The …

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Adapting To Technological Changes In The Music Business: The Case Of The British Music Industry And New Record Formats In The 1950s, Stephen Ranger Dec 2024

Adapting To Technological Changes In The Music Business: The Case Of The British Music Industry And New Record Formats In The 1950s, Stephen Ranger

Kritika Kultura

Technological changes have had a major impact on music industries across all areas of business, ranging from production to distribution. When looking at the history of emerging music industries, it is evident that those who have effectively adapted to new technological changes have been able to achieve significant and meaningful success. This is clearly the case with the British music industry during the emergence of rock and roll from the 1950s to the 1960s. This paper examines how EMI, the leading British music company, responded to changes in record formats in the 1950s. A form of new technological development at …

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Between Technological Advancement And Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution From Mp3 Players To Smartphones In Korea, Jimmyn Parc Dec 2024

Between Technological Advancement And Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution From Mp3 Players To Smartphones In Korea, Jimmyn Parc

Kritika Kultura

In recent years, K-pop or Korean popular songs have enjoyed immense popularity around the world. However, the situation was very different before the mid-2000s when the industry was suffering from widespread piracy of its music. Furthermore, the emergence of the MP3 phone in the early 2000s provoked two critical conflicts. One was between the producers of the MP3 phone who were large conglomerates and the manufacturers of the standalone MP3 player who were smaller companies that feared for their future. The other conflict was between the producers of the MP3 phone and the Korean music industry who believed this new …

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Introduction: Kritika Kultura Special Issue On Cultural Practices And Policies In The Digital And Global Age, Patrick Messerlin, Hwy-Chang Moon Dec 2024

Introduction: Kritika Kultura Special Issue On Cultural Practices And Policies In The Digital And Global Age, Patrick Messerlin, Hwy-Chang Moon

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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