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2024

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Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee Dec 2024

Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee

Kritika Kultura

In her novel The Year of the Flood, Margaret Atwood vividly illustrates the unmistakable impact of climate change on people’s lives these days. Genetic manipulation has become one of the technologies that people have grown dependent on to solve environmental problems in this age of climate change, where severe droughts, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and the like are being reported more frequently than ever. But genetic engineering has profound consequences for human corporealities, as both COVID-19 and The Year of the Flood show. In the novel, Atwood presents a world where humanity finds it hardly possible to survive without …

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A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez Dec 2024

A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez

Kritika Kultura

As a counterpoint to the foremost understanding of the poem dubbed as “May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim” (lit. “There may be storm and dark”) (1605) as an articulation of an unnamed native’s submission to Catholicism, as well as a testament to their then unwavering faith, the present essay attempts to reconsider the poem through a comparative reading alongside folk poetry wagered to have come from earlier times. In other words, the poem is reread through a temporal realignment of it in the conventional periodization of Philippine (literary) history, moving it from its frequent grouping among texts from (early) Spanish colonization …

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A Dangerous Man, Ana Margarita R. Nuñez Dec 2024

A Dangerous Man, Ana Margarita R. Nuñez

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen Dec 2024

Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen

Kritika Kultura

With the advancements in neuroscience and technology, the neurocognitive approach to the human brain seems to outrun the traditional humanistic approach to moral studies, while its demystification and biological reduction of morality is also questionable, particularly, its implicative suggestion for moral treatment. Contrastingly, ethical literary criticism, especially the brain text theory proposed by Zhenzhao Nie, enlightens us with a new approach to moral education. Essentially different from the clinical moral treatment advocated by neuroethics, ethical literary criticism does not diagnose a particular reader as a “moral patient” in advance, but instead thinks it necessary for all people to get good …

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Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver Dec 2024

Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver

Kritika Kultura

Throughout the last twenty-five years of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, Spaniards published essays and fiction that echoed the view that the colonial project was doomed to failure, clearly expressed in Sinibaldo de Mas’s 1843 Informe secreto (Secret Report). Less attention is paid to nineteenth-century works by peninsulares that mirrored Mas’s alternative plan preparing for Philippine “emancipation” and economically incentivizing mestizaje. Among these were the fiction and essays of the self-described “aplatanado” Francisco de Paula Entrala, which suggested that any failure of mestizaje as a normalizing colonial project was due to the shortcomings of the peninsular Spaniards themselves. In …

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The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz Dec 2024

The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz

Kritika Kultura

This article sets out to explore two of the most prominent recurring figures in Spanish literary production about the Philippines at the end of the nineteenth century: the so-called bago, a Spaniard who is “new” to the islands, meaning that they just arrived in the Philippines, and the bago’s counterpart, the matandá, a Spaniard who has spent a considerable amount of time in the colony. The bipartite trope is studied in nine texts by Spanish authors, written between 1876 and 1894. By composing scenes of encounter between these two figures, the authors seek to illuminate an idea of ambivalence present …

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"Asylum Of Incurably Lazy And Depraved Men": The Philippines As A Space Of Degenerate Masculinity In The Late Fiction Of Emilia Pardo Bazán, Susana Bardavío Estevan Dec 2024

"Asylum Of Incurably Lazy And Depraved Men": The Philippines As A Space Of Degenerate Masculinity In The Late Fiction Of Emilia Pardo Bazán, Susana Bardavío Estevan

Kritika Kultura

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the presence of the Philippines in Spanish political discourses and media gradually intensified. This was caused by an increase in migration to the archipelago and by the importance that the colonies acquired in the imperialist discourse, which combined constructions of nation, race, and gender. The Spanish writer Emilia Pardo Bazán paid attention to these Pacific islands in several of her stories and articles about the colonial conflict. The perception of the Philippines as an exotic alterity allowed the author to configure the archipelago as a narrative space that subverted the hegemonic discourse …

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Challenging And Reinventing White Australia's Historical Narrativity And Identitarian Assumptions Apropos Of Aboriginality, Danica Čerče Dec 2024

Challenging And Reinventing White Australia's Historical Narrativity And Identitarian Assumptions Apropos Of Aboriginality, Danica Čerče

Kritika Kultura

Framed by an interest in literature as “a space for exploring the possibilities of change” (Levine 2000), the article deals with the contemporary Australian Indigenous poetry. Until very recently a marginalized voice in Australian literary studies, this poetry has obtained an important role in the articulation of Indigenous peoples’ political thought, successfully contesting the myth of historical objectivity as embedded in a single representation of the past. By focusing on Jeanine Leane’s 2010 collection Dark Secrets: After Dreaming (AD 1887-1961), the article investigates how the poet uses her medium to interpellate the historical construction of a Eurocentric world. More specifically, …

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Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues Dec 2024

Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues

Kritika Kultura

The instrumentalization of rights and interests for furthering political and economic ends is a common phenomenon in contemporary societies. Routinely, these are a trojan horse to political goals that involve discrimination of disempowered groups. This phenomenon of instrumentalization is present in many social phenomena; a less explored phenomenon where this has been researched is this instrumentalization with respect to animal protection law. In this article, I explore how American animal law is instrumentalized to privilege the animal farming industry and disadvantage disempowered groups. I explain how American animal law tends to further disempower individuals according to class and perceived ethnicity. …

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"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto Dec 2024

"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto

Kritika Kultura

Second Generation, Politics of Choice, Tamil, Tamil-Canadian, Sri Lankan Conflict

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A Case Study On Picture Book Application For Children As Semiotic Technology In Representing Asian Identities, Dhayapari Perumal, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

A Case Study On Picture Book Application For Children As Semiotic Technology In Representing Asian Identities, Dhayapari Perumal, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Digital book applications have emerged as new formats of picture books, with an integration of digitally mediated resources to construct meaning. These picture book apps are written artefacts that contain cultural messages and values about the world that children live in. Dually, as semiotic artefacts, they consist of meaning potentials through the concept of interactivity along with other technologically created multimodal resources. These resources form the semiotic surfaces of picture book apps and thus the picture book app is classified as Semiotic Technology. Picture book apps as semiotic technology are instrumental in changing the way in which current young readers …

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Contested Javeneseness In Sociocultural Documentaries Of The Post-New Order Indonesia, Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono Dec 2024

Contested Javeneseness In Sociocultural Documentaries Of The Post-New Order Indonesia, Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono

Kritika Kultura

This article fleshes out how two Indonesian sociocultural-themed documentary films of the post-New Order era articulate the counter-imaginaries of Javaneseness. They are Jamu (Javanese Traditional Medicine) and Kulo Ndiko Sami (We are Brothers). The emergence of bringing the issue of Javaneseness to light has its cause on its complex politicization in the New Order regime. Javaneseness was ideologically manipulated as the hegemonic narrative of the state to construct an image of Indonesian society. Javaneseness incorporated by the regime was of a desired aristocratic model in combination with other non-Javanese worldviews. This desired strand of imagining was then politically used to …

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Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu Dec 2024

Slow And Quick Violence: Illnesses And Injuries In America Is In The Heart, Ling Liu

Kritika Kultura

This article aims to offer a new route into the study of Carlos Bulosan’s America Is in the Heart by going beyond the usual sociocultural focus and turning instead to the material, specifically the illnesses and injuries borne by Filipino bodies—tuberculosis, syphilis, hunger, injuries, even death—to learn about their colonial and migrant experiences. In the novel, tuberculosis affects working-class migrant Filipinos disproportionately in both the Philippines and the United States of America. Migrant Filipinos are also constantly haunted by hunger and are always injured, or even shot; and working-class women frequently die from syphilis. Applying ecocritical theories to study the …

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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Rethinking Filipino Masculinities: The Case Of The Cosmopolitan Tambay, Joseph T. Salazar Dec 2024

Rethinking Filipino Masculinities: The Case Of The Cosmopolitan Tambay, Joseph T. Salazar

Kritika Kultura

In the Philippines, tambay refers to men who are notorious for hanging out in the streets for long hours owing to lack of formal work. Traditionally, representations of the tambay have revolved around drinking and the ironic display of patriarchal power despite the lack of clear contributions to the household economy. The study looks at the implications of transnational and economic shifts in rethinking the behaviors and attitudes of the tambay in Metropolitan Manila. The rising number of malls in the metropolis and the significant increase in dollar remittances from overseas have allowed for a shift in material and cultural …

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Historical Dialogues, Collective Memory Work, And The (Dis)Continuation Of Conflicts, Sara Dybris Mcquaid, Henrik Sonne Petersen, Johnston Price Dec 2024

Historical Dialogues, Collective Memory Work, And The (Dis)Continuation Of Conflicts, Sara Dybris Mcquaid, Henrik Sonne Petersen, Johnston Price

Kritika Kultura

This article is at once about historical dialogues and itself a dialogue: In an effort to discuss historical dialogues in the intersection between the academic field of memory studies and the practical field of peace-building, the article offers a semi-structured conversation between an academic and two practitioners. It is on the one hand an exploratory dialogue aimed at identifying and observing potential entry points for analysis and practice in conflict transformations, whilst on the other a discussion of how historical dialogues themselves are framed as open and exploratory or principled and tied to preconditions. The first conversation is between an …

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Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang Dec 2024

Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang

Kritika Kultura

In the review of the Indian film The Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang shows that although food is central in human relations and social development in modern India, the transformation of food production and distribution systems at the micro level reveals, resists, and reinforces the conflicts between tradition and modernity. The food in the traditional Bombay lunch remain because of the lunchbox delivery system, but this comes at a cost. While in the very moment that it threatens traditions by, for instance, effacing the caste sources of the food, the lunchbox delivery system reifies the patriarchal relegation of women to the kitchen. …

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Timon Of Athens, Food Transformations, And The World As Confectionary, Simon C. Estok Dec 2024

Timon Of Athens, Food Transformations, And The World As Confectionary, Simon C. Estok

Kritika Kultura

In the transformation of early modern English food sources from the local to the international are a wide range of questions about the global-sourcing/local-demand conflict that was developing in Shakespeare’s time and continues today. Shakespeare’s food reveals the complexities of a network of global and local actors and transformations. As a performance, Timon of Athens potentially arouses sometimes intense visceral responses (ones that are peculiarly resonant with contemporary audiences) to Timon’s dream that the world is his confectionary. One of the results of performing the transformation of food from the local to the global (the play’s explicit representation of the …

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Packing Death In Australian Literature, Iris Ralph Dec 2024

Packing Death In Australian Literature, Iris Ralph

Kritika Kultura

In this article, the author identifies critical connections between the transformation of food in the last two hundred thirty years and arguments by animal studies, indigenous studies, ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and environmental history scholars. She does that through a reading of two works of Australian literature: Merlinda Bobis’s cli-fi novel Locust Girl and Evie Wyld’s post-pastoral fiction All the Birds Singing. Bobis’s novel raises questions about the given transformation as it directly relates to the birth of the commercial kangaroo-meat industry, depletion of arable land as a direct consequence of the overuse of it for introduced species of animals reductively called …

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Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman Dec 2024

Alt-Burger: Transforming Populist Food Systems, Sophie Christman

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that there exists a problematic nexus between the industrial livestock industry, US food system policies, and American propagandist literature. The essay’s specific aim is to transform carnivorous appetites by subverting the integrity of America’s national gastronomic emblem – the hamburger. The article examines how hamburgers are unsustainable food system commodities that exacerbate state-sanctioned climate change, analyzes the underpinnings of ecophobic beef literature—specifically the graphic narrative—that serves as state propaganda, and shows how American comics can alternately promote sustainability nexuses by creating awareness of how food systems impact climate change.

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Food Transformation Technology In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl And What It Means For Us, Young-Hyun Lee Dec 2024

Food Transformation Technology In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl And What It Means For Us, Young-Hyun Lee

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that a stage in history has come where advanced technology, especially that of genetically engineered foods and animals, is quickening the humankind’s downfall. Bacigalupi represents this well in The Windup Girl, a futuristic novel that looks with great focus at the transformation of food and animals in the twenty-third century. In our own world, climate change is creating urgent food issues. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) technologies, having been initially introduced to overcome dire food shortages, have turned out to have many negative side effects, both in our own world and in the fictional world of The Windup …

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Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie Dec 2024

Gm Foods, Power, And Globalization In Oryx And Crake, Chao Xie

Kritika Kultura

Food is taking on a new character in the twenty-first century; it has transformed into a rich site that brings together discussions about race, species, subjectivities, environment, and so on. In the era of the Anthropocene, when human activities have exerted a decisive and unprecedented impact on the earth, the role that food plays deserves closer examination. This article examines genetically modified (GM) food in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake through close reading and looks at how GM food transforms into a global actant that influences nature and culture on a global scale. Investigating the transformation of GM food in …

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The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim Dec 2024

The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim

Kritika Kultura

Paolo Bacigalupi’s novel, The Windup Girl, illustrates Bangkok using genetic diseases and plagues. In this work, mass-produced, genetically modified food becomes both a diplomatic weapon and subsistence for survival. Western-based multinational agri-corporations transform food as industrial products, and Bacigalupi in turn illustrates the problems of genetic modification led by global capitalism and multinational corporations. However, his critique of genetic modification and food transformation relies on ethnic and gender stereotyping within an Orientalist frame. While he challenges the practices of corporate capitalism, his representation of Asian cultures and traditions is monolithic and consistently reproductive of Orientalist stereotypes. Also, the politics of …

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Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Food Transformations, Simon C. Estok Dec 2024

Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Food Transformations, Simon C. Estok

Kritika Kultura

“Introduction to the Forum Kritika on Food Transformations” briefly introduces the parameters within which the seven articles of the Forum explore the topic of food transformations. In addition to offering brief summaries of the articles, the “Introduction” explains the range of discussions (from Shakespeare to the present and beyond) and the logic of the organization of the Forum.

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Transformation Of The Self Through Islamic Practices In Leila Aboulela's The Translator, Amrah Abdul Majid Dec 2024

Transformation Of The Self Through Islamic Practices In Leila Aboulela's The Translator, Amrah Abdul Majid

Kritika Kultura

This paper discusses the practice of religious rituals and doctrines and the effects that these have on the protagonist of Leila Aboulela’s The Translator. Although it is a love story that highlights the challenges of a relationship between a young and devout Muslim widow and an agnostic Scottish man, I suggest that the novel’s focus is on the spiritual journey that the protagonist goes through. She is portrayed as a selfish individual who uses religion mainly as an escape from her tragic life, and she has a flawed belief that she can only feel fulfilled if she becomes a wife …

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Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin Dec 2024

Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin

Kritika Kultura

The use of multimodal texts as a teaching resource is believed to be one of the fundamental requirements in keeping abreast with the rapid evolvement of literacy. This practice is reflected in the teaching of literature at primary schools in Malaysia when graphic novels, an example of a multimodal text, are introduced as one of the contemporary literary texts. The unique combination of language and images to make meaning in new ways is considered to be one of the main attributes why graphic novels are relevant in promoting multimodality in literature learning. Although its benefits are extensively explored, little research …

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The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng Dec 2024

The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng

Kritika Kultura

The tension between disciplines and interdisciplinary initiatives has been present in different areas around the world. This paper discusses the roots of the tension in the world and in the Philippines, as well as issues and challenges of implementation. It begins with the meaning of discipline and the nuances in the interaction of multiple disciplines, (e.g. multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) and traces and traces the development of disciplines in relation to the development of higher education. While academic departments and programs give life and power to the disciplines, there were pressures to work across disciplines to achieve the underlying goals …

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Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante Dec 2024

Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante

Kritika Kultura

Interdisciplinarity is one of the key catchphrases that define the ongoing educational reform in the Philippines. Through the K-12 basic education curriculum and the revamped tertiary-level general education curriculum, bureaucrats and their partners in the academe seek to equip students with knowledge and skills that will allow them to think and act beyond their chosen field. Such an edge supposedly affords graduates a competitive advantage in a highly globalized labor market. Nonetheless, one must not be carried away by the hype; interdisciplinarity, especially this version imposed from above, still has to be interrogated. For one, lost in the state-directed discourse …

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Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza Dec 2024

Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

Movie and TV stars are an influential part of Philippine society. Not only do they entertain audiences with their television shows or movies, but their private lives and actions are arguably as interesting to the public. Celebrities and stars are admired, idolized, and looked up to by many of their followers, such that their values and actions can greatly influence their fans. However, their images may hold various meanings that are not evident to many people. This study analyzes a group of unconventional stars that changed the landscape of noontime viewing—the Sexbomb Girls—using a semiotic approach. It seeks to reveal …

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The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall Dec 2024

The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses Nick Joaquin’s Manila, My Manila (1989/1999) as an example of how his historiographical work tends to be more conventional in terms of the nationalism that dominates Philippine historiography, and has a more complex relationship to this discourse than existing analyses tend to suggest. While his veneration of the Spanish colonial period is indeed unconventional, his book leaves the main problem of nationalist discourse untouched as it maintains the essentialist notion of an identifiable national community projected backwards into time. The book fails to capitalize on the potential for disrupting national paradigms that city narratives offer. Rather than …

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