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Articles 29881 - 29910 of 32730
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Likelihood Based Inferential Methods To Analyze Trials Incorporating Patient's Treatment Choice, Rouba A. Chahine
Likelihood Based Inferential Methods To Analyze Trials Incorporating Patient's Treatment Choice, Rouba A. Chahine
All ETDs from UAB
Randomized clinical trials (RCT) are the gold standards for clinical trials as they reduce bias and minimize variability between different arms of a study. One of the drawbacks of these designs is their lack of flexibility to incorporate patient’s preference, which may reduce recruitment rates and/or reduce patient’s tolerance if they receive a non-preferred treatment. Designs incorporating choice allow a subset of participants to choose a preferred treatment. Some of these designs are Zelen’s (1979), Brewin’s (1989), and Rucker’s (Two-Stage RCT, 1989). Current methods to analyze two-stage RCT are based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach that do not …
Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina
Do Outcomes From A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Differ In Alabama Vs Colorado?, Julianne Clina
All ETDs from UAB
There are well-established regional differences in obesity prevalence in the U.S., but relatively little is known about whether these differences impact efforts for weight loss. The objective of the study was to determine whether changes in body weight, engagement in physical activity (PA), and psychosocial factors differed in Colorado (CO) vs Alabama (AL) in response to a 16 week standardized behavioral weight management program. We hypothesized that weight loss would be greater in Colorado due to a more favorable physical and social environment.This is an ancillary study to a weight loss intervention being conducted simultaneously in AL and CO with …
Examining The Pathophysiology Through Which Violence Exposure Varies With Functional Brain Connectivity And The Psychophysiological Response To Stress, Heather Elizabeth Dark
Examining The Pathophysiology Through Which Violence Exposure Varies With Functional Brain Connectivity And The Psychophysiological Response To Stress, Heather Elizabeth Dark
All ETDs from UAB
Violence exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with susceptibility to internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety. The relationship between childhood violence exposure and internalizing disorders may be explained by changes in brain function. For example, childhood maltreatment, including violence exposure, is associated with changes in brain regions that are important for emotion regulation. Reciprocal connections among these brain regions are important for healthy responses to stress. Thus, examining how childhood violence exposure varies with acute stress-induced changes in functional brain connectivity and psychophysiological stress responses may elucidate how childhood violence exposure may contribute to susceptibility to internalizing disorders. …
The Function Of Tgfβr3 (Betaglycan) In The Differentiation And Proliferation Of T Cells, Samuel Duesman
The Function Of Tgfβr3 (Betaglycan) In The Differentiation And Proliferation Of T Cells, Samuel Duesman
All ETDs from UAB
TGFβR3 is a membrane bound co-receptor to many members of the TGFβ superfamily of ligands and is broadly expressed in the human body. TGFβR3 is known to modulate immune system function, but its exact role is at this time poorly understood. Work by Aleman-Muench et al., (2012) suggests that TGFβR3 regulates T cell development in the thymus. In order to further investigate the role of TGFβR3 in the immune system our lab developed a mouse which lacks TGFβR3 selectively in mature T cells. The contribution of TGFβR3 on in vivo activation and differentiation of T cells was investigated by utilizing …
Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton
Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Differential Resistance Elliptical Exercise Machine, John Easton
All ETDs from UAB
Hemiplegia and hemiparesis are life-altering conditions that lead to secondary effects including pain and health decline due to sedentary lifestyle. There exists a need for affordable, safe, and effective exercise equipment designed with these users in mind. Recent studies have demonstrated adaptability of post-stroke individuals to differential forces in a split belt treadmill regime, resulting in increased propulsive force generation of the paretic limb. An elliptical exercise machine with a differential resistance mechanism, free-wheeling motor assistance, and walker accessibility has been fabricated to test whether differential resistance is possible with an elliptical platform. Preliminary testing of 1 subject consisted of …
Evidence For A Bioelectrical Marker Of Insulin Resistance In Premenopausal Women: Membrane Capacitance, Valene E Garr Barry
Evidence For A Bioelectrical Marker Of Insulin Resistance In Premenopausal Women: Membrane Capacitance, Valene E Garr Barry
All ETDs from UAB
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with poor metabolic and reproductive outcomes among premenopausal women. Early identification of women with IR might mitigate these outcomes. However, clinically suitable methods to identify women with IR are unavailable due to high cost, high patient burden, or limited reliability. The objective was to examine a bioimpedance-based approach to identifying women with IR using membrane capacitance (CM). CM is a measure of cell membrane health and function, which is independently associated with IR and may be a suitable predictor. We validated the association of CM with IR and established the clinical utility of CM as …
Culturally Responsive School Leadership Agility: A Journey Through Critical Self-Reflection, Deborah Mckelvey Brown
Culturally Responsive School Leadership Agility: A Journey Through Critical Self-Reflection, Deborah Mckelvey Brown
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined how school leaders can differentiate their approach using a self-reporting psychometric instrument called the Emergenetics® Profile when engaged in critical self-reflection. Using a multiple case study approach, three urban school leaders engaged in the deconstructing and reconstructing of knowledge frameworks specific to deficit thinking. The Emergenetics Profile served as a lens to critically self-reflect in order to differentiate their approach to the disrupt deficit thinking practices in their schools (Browning 2007; Khalifa, 2018; Shields, 2018). This study integrated these insights from critical self-reflection and the awareness gained by school leaders through their Emergenetics preferences to change their …
Exploring The Impact Of Leadership Values And Practices To Support Equity And Social Justice In An Urban School, Susan-Marie Farmen
Exploring The Impact Of Leadership Values And Practices To Support Equity And Social Justice In An Urban School, Susan-Marie Farmen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative case study explores the leadership values and practices of a principal in a sixth through twelfth-grade school in the Rocky Mountain West to determine how leadership values and practices support the implementation of equitable and socially just practices in the school. Five key themes emerged: (a) equity as a Black/non-Black construct; (b) a lack of knowledge and awareness of the historical contexts of marginalized populations; (c) moral courage for all members of the school; (d) equity as an initiative or program; (e) resistance to deep equity work. From these themes, I devise three recommendations to support substantial and …
Religion, Spirituality, Faith, Centeredness And Wellbeing: An Exploration Of How These Elements Impact Individual Wellbeing, Carol Griggs
Religion, Spirituality, Faith, Centeredness And Wellbeing: An Exploration Of How These Elements Impact Individual Wellbeing, Carol Griggs
All ETDs from UAB
Wellness and wellbeing have been a national priority in the United States of American for many years. Since 1961, wellbeing models have been created and reconstructed to define our understanding of what wellbeing is as well as what it should or could potentially be. These endeavors have contributed to a body of research that serve as a foundation for this study. The aim of this study was to review current theory and design a qualitative study to determine if current theory could be expanded upon utilizing religion, spirituality, faith and centeredness as central grounding principles for the model. This was …
An Exploration Of The Manifestation Of Parentification Among Young Carers Of Persons With Huntington’S Disease, Bailey Hendricks
An Exploration Of The Manifestation Of Parentification Among Young Carers Of Persons With Huntington’S Disease, Bailey Hendricks
All ETDs from UAB
Due to the progressive deterioration of motor, cognitive, and psychological function experienced by individuals diagnosed with Huntington’s disease, there is the potential for children in the home to adopt a caregiving role. These young carers typically serve as informal, secondary caregivers, providing multifaceted, extended care without any lessening of typical family, home, or school/work-related responsibilities. In time, this role may result in parentification, a type of role reversal with both positive and negative outcomes for the child. A secondary analysis of qualitative data of the experiences of children who have a parent with Huntington’s disease was conducted. Transcripts of qualitative …
The Effects Of A Social Skills Intervention On Neural Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Abbey Jane Herringshaw
The Effects Of A Social Skills Intervention On Neural Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Abbey Jane Herringshaw
All ETDs from UAB
Difficulties in social interaction are considered a core characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and have significant negative effects on quality of life in this population. Such deficits may reflect alterations in key areas of the “social brain” in ASD. Many clinical interventions for ASD seek to improve social interaction abilities, including the Program for Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®). PEERS® has demonstrated significant benefits for participants, but little is known about: 1) generalizability of the specific social knowledge gained to broader social cognitive processes, and 2) potential neuroplastic changes within the social brain in response to social …
Stress, Inflammation, And Mood: A Role For Leptin?, Kathleen Hodgin
Stress, Inflammation, And Mood: A Role For Leptin?, Kathleen Hodgin
All ETDs from UAB
Prior research has suggested a possible role for the proinflammatory adipokine leptin in depression. Leptin has also been associated with stress, a known predictor of depression. The purpose of this project was to investigate associations between stress, leptin, and depressed mood. We used data from a larger observational study that collected daily levels of plasma leptin and self-reported stress and depressed mood from 55 women over 25 days. Women with and without chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were included. We hypothesized the following: increased stress would be associated with both worsened mood and higher leptin, and that leptin would be positively …
Undergraduate Students’ Perspectives On Mental Health Services, Resources, And Supports During Covid-19: A Qualitative Dissertation, Amy Hutson Chatham
Undergraduate Students’ Perspectives On Mental Health Services, Resources, And Supports During Covid-19: A Qualitative Dissertation, Amy Hutson Chatham
All ETDs from UAB
During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased isolation from supportive relationships, uncertainty about the future, fear of illness, and lack of traditional life-events took a toll on university student mental health. It is important to understand undergraduate students’ mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic and their desires for support from their institutions of higher education. Existing studies have documented increased rates of depression, stress, and anxiety among university undergraduates; however, these studies rarely illuminate students’ perspectives on mental health services, resources, and supports that they need during and because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenological study explored the perspectives of undergraduate …
Predictors Of Subjective And Objective Everyday Functioning In Middle-Aged And Older Adults With Hiv, Alexandra Elaine Jacob
Predictors Of Subjective And Objective Everyday Functioning In Middle-Aged And Older Adults With Hiv, Alexandra Elaine Jacob
All ETDs from UAB
People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for everyday functionalimpairment, especially as they age. The purpose of this study was: (1) to identify factors associated with subjective and objective instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) difficulty in PWH and (2) to identify factors associated with awareness of functional capacity. This cross-sectional study included 261 PWH. Participants completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment, including self-report and performance-based measures of everyday functioning. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to identify health, psychological, and cognitive factors that contribute to subjective and objective evaluation of everyday functioning. We also examined factors that predicted a …
Rural And Urban Differences In Vegetable And Fruit Consumption Among Older Cancer Survivors In The Deep South: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study, Harleen Kaur
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Rural Americans have poorer overall health and physical functioning than their urban counterparts. A varied diet, rich in vegetable and fruit (V&F) consumption may improve health; however, little is known about rural-urban differences in V&F consumption, especially in older cancer survivors. Objective: To assess differences in V&F consumption among older cancer survivors residing in urban- and rural-designated areas, and explore whether differences exist by sex, race, and cancer type. Design: This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis. Participants/setting: Screening data from the Harvest for Health trial was obtained on 731 Medicare-eligible cancer survivors across Alabama. Main outcome measures: V&F consumption …
Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd
Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd
All ETDs from UAB
Human trafficking has been on the rise since slavery was abolished in the 19th century. As the prevalence of human trafficking continues to rise, the criminals involved continue to develop more sophisticated ways to hide their crimes from the police. Accordingly, countless victims remain unidentified. Research shows there is a critical need for local law enforcement officers to be trained in how to identify and investigate cases of human trafficking, as well as to interact compassionately with and effectively help its victims. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively investigate the human trafficking training currently provided to local …
Actual And Perceived Balance Abilities While Performing Tasks That Challenge Balance In Older Adults And Individuals With Parkinson's Disease., Jutaluk Kongsuk
Actual And Perceived Balance Abilities While Performing Tasks That Challenge Balance In Older Adults And Individuals With Parkinson's Disease., Jutaluk Kongsuk
All ETDs from UAB
Walking is a fundamental activity for one to interact effectively with one’s environment. Walking in the community often requires both a wide range and constant modification of walking speed. Decreased walking capacity, that is the maximum speed that a person can physically achieve, results in a decline in both functional mobility and personal independence, contributing to decreased community participation among individuals whose walking is impaired. The most common test of walking speed (i.e., overground comfortable and maximum walking speed) may not reflect the full capacity of individuals to regulate gait control. Whereas walking with progressively increasing treadmill speeds allows researchers …
Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long
Implications Of Genetic Variation On Patient Disease And Therapeutic Options, Ashlee Long
All ETDs from UAB
Advancements in sequencing technology have enabled the widespread utilization of genetic testing, increasing the diagnosis and understanding of genetic disease. Clinicians and researchers are now faced with the difficulty of interpreting genetic results and understanding how genetic variation can impact patient disease phenotype. Herein we utilized three different genes (frataxin, neurofibromin 1, and NTRK2), which result in Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and NTRK2-associated phenotypes respectively, to discuss the impacts of genetic variants on molecular phenotype and explore potential therapeutics. To determine how genetic variation of repeat sequences affects different patient tissues, DNA and protein were extracted from …
An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin
An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Student Achievement And The Emotional Intelligence Quotient Of Secondary Principals In Alabama Schools, Dorothiann Martin
All ETDs from UAB
This dissertational work provides an analysis between school leader emotional intelligence and academic achievement using selected indicators of student achievement in Alabama high schools. Emotional intelligence levels were measured by administering The Shutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test to willing high school principal participants in the state of Alabama. The student achievement measures include: (a) high school graduation rate, (b) performance on the American College Test (ACT), and (c) chronic student absenteeism. After running several numerical analyses between emotional intelligence (independent variable) and student achievement (dependent variable) and controlling for certain subpopulations, the statistical analyses data revealed that there were no …
Pride In Policing: Perspectives Of Lgbtq Police Officers, Tyler Nixon
Pride In Policing: Perspectives Of Lgbtq Police Officers, Tyler Nixon
All ETDs from UAB
Most research studying diversity in policing has focused on women and people of color as the target groups to be recruited and hired. Few scholars have examined the topic of Lesbi-an, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (also known as LGBTQ+) individuals in law enforcement, resulting in a lack of awareness of their poten-tial benefits for the profession. Moreover, the few existing studies in this area tend to doc-ument the negative workplace experiences of openly gay officers, particularly with respect to their interactions with colleagues. While it is important to understand the challenges faced by nontraditional race and gender …
The Relationships Fathers Have With Their Co-Residential Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Exploration Of Fatherhood And Masculinity, Kirsten Leigh Ostergren Clark
The Relationships Fathers Have With Their Co-Residential Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Exploration Of Fatherhood And Masculinity, Kirsten Leigh Ostergren Clark
All ETDs from UAB
This dissertation explored the relationships between fathers and their co-residential adult children who have been diagnosed with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). This research addressed 1) the ways fathers understand their involvement in the lives of their adult child with developmental disabilities, especially as it relates to their masculinity; 2) how fathers perceive that their experiences fathering their child have impacted their health and health behaviors, including how masculinity plays a part; and 3) what supports fathers stated they have utilized and recommend, along with what challenges and constraints fathers feel they have faced. My analysis of in-depth interviews …
An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet
An Investigation Of Endogenous Pain Modulation And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain, Demario Overstreet
All ETDs from UAB
ABSTRACT Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the most common disabling conditions in the world, and is one of the leading contributors to medical care seeking in adults. The worldwide prevalence of activity-limiting (acute and chronic) low back pain is about 12%, which equates to approximately 933 million people globally suffering with low back pain at any given time. Despite the prevalence and frequency of medical intervention, sustained pain relief and functional restoration are rarely achieved for those with cLBP. The vast majority of cLBP is “non-specific” with no identifiable pathology of the spine or related tissues. Without …
Psychosocial Risk And Resiliency Factors For Pain Severity Among African Americans With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn
Psychosocial Risk And Resiliency Factors For Pain Severity Among African Americans With Chronic Low Back Pain, Terence Matthew Penn
All ETDs from UAB
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is among the most prevalent, disabling, and painful health conditions worldwide, contributing to significant economic and societal costs. In the United States, the burden of chronic pain – including CLBP – disproportionately affects non-Hispanic Blacks (“Blacks”) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (“Whites”), with Blacks consistently displaying greater pain severity and frequency across multiple studies. To help understand these racial pain disparities, researchers have adopted a biopsychosocial model of chronic musculoskeletal pain, examining how cognitive, behavioral, social/environmental, and biomedical factors collectively influence pain outcomes. Different lines of research have investigated the impact of distressing social experiences on …
Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez
Color Vision Testing With Readily Available Materials, Angel Perez
All ETDs from UAB
COLOR VISION TESTING WITH READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS ANGEL PEREZ VISION SCIENCE ABSTRACT The perception of color is a process by which the brain discriminates different light wavelengths stimulating the cone photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. In humans each cone contains a photopigment making it most sensitive to either short (red), medium (green), or long (blue) wavelengths of light. However, when one of the cone pigments is defective or missing, color discrimination is reduced, resulting in color vision deficiency due to a deficient sex-linked chromosome in most cases. Color vision deficiency has the potential to impede many everyday activities, …
Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast
Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast
All ETDs from UAB
Obesity is associated with executive function (EF) deficits across the lifespan. Higher body mass index (BMI), greater severity of obesity, and poorer adherence and weight outcomes in obesity treatment have all been associated with EF deficits. Adult literature has begun to emphasize neuroinflammation in obesity as a possible pathway to later cognitive impairment. However, the pediatric obesity literature has yet to even establish associations between peripheral inflammation and EF. Thus, the present study aimed to examine associations and variability in inflammatory biomarkers, EF, and adiposity in children with or at risk for obesity. Additionally, inflammation was examined as a mechanism …
Disrupting The Perioperative Opioid Gateway: Identification Of Risk Factors For New Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use, Gia Marie Pittet
Disrupting The Perioperative Opioid Gateway: Identification Of Risk Factors For New Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use, Gia Marie Pittet
All ETDs from UAB
A large portion of the American Opioid Crisis is due to opioid naïve patients who become new persistent post-surgical opioid users, although the risk factors for the development of this addiction are not well studied. The objective of this study was to analyze multiple layers of pre-operative and procedural risk factors using an ecological perspective theoretical framework in adult patients undergoing invasive surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis of 13,970 opioid naïve adults in a mixed surgical cohort with data available at the University of California Los Angeles that was merged with narcotics data for the State of California (IRB#19-000625). …
Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels
Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels
All ETDs from UAB
Urban schools face the enormous task of providing a wide range of support to students. These supports include academics, socio-emotional learning, health, nourishment, and even clothing. Students arrive with challenges that make it difficult to concentrate on their academic studies. The community education model can supply students in urban schools with needed resources so that they may prioritize their academics. A community education model is a holistic approach to providing support to students. With this in mind, the urban school leader must find a way to provide comprehensive support to students, both through community education and in consideration of essentialist …
Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner
Embodied Fat Stigma And Health Beliefs About Exercise And Diet, Brie Scrivner
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how individuals navigate the cultural mandate for thinness, which pressured individuals to pursue weight loss through exercise and restrictive diets. While sustainable weight loss is not probable for the majority of people, there are still significant physical and mental health benefits to be had from engaging in regular, enjoyable movement. For many, physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. It can improve quality of life for individuals regardless of weight, body size, chronic illness, or disability. However, many fitness facilities focus on weight loss as the most essential goal …
Examining Approaches For Peacebuilding In Post-Conflict, Post-Good Northern Ireland, Evan Wiley Smith
Examining Approaches For Peacebuilding In Post-Conflict, Post-Good Northern Ireland, Evan Wiley Smith
All ETDs from UAB
In this paper, I broadly describe the timeline of the conflict in Northern Ireland, examine negative and positive peace approaches to peacebuilding including political (or consociationalism-based), human rights-based, and reconciliation-based methods, and present my own conclusions based on the literature review I conducted as to the most efficacious strategy for ensuring long-lasting peace in Northern Ireland. To do this, I reviewed numerous articles, papers, and chapters on the conflict in Northern Ireland, approaches in post-conflict reconciliation, and conflict resolution theory. Because the conflict in Northern Ireland ended approximately twenty years ago, much of the research referenced in this paper is …
Influence Of Race, Gender, Rurality, And Dyadic Health On Symptom Pattern Trajectories In Persons With Advanced Heart Failure, Macy Lynn Stockdill
Influence Of Race, Gender, Rurality, And Dyadic Health On Symptom Pattern Trajectories In Persons With Advanced Heart Failure, Macy Lynn Stockdill
All ETDs from UAB
Individuals living with heart failure experience a high symptom burden that must be addressed to improve their quality of life as well as the quality of life of their family caregivers. This is a challenging task as different situational and individual factors, including clinical/physiological factors and cultural factors, can affect an individual’s symptom experience. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine existing symptom pattern trajectories and associated factors (sociodemographic, clinical/physiological characteristics, dyadic health) among a sample of under-resourced and racially diverse older adults with advanced heart failure living in the Deep South. This purpose was accomplished through four …