Digital Commons Network^™

Antibiotic-Driven Intestinal Dysbiosis In Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome Is Associated With Persistently Altered Microbiome Functions And Gut-Derived Bloodstream Infections, Robert Thänert, Anna Thänert, Jocelyn Ou, Adam Bajinting, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Holly J Engelstad, Maria E Tecos, I Malick Ndao, Carla Hall-Moore, Colleen Rouggly-Nickless, Mike A Carl, Deborah C Rubin, Nicholas O Davidson, Phillip I Tarr, Barbara B Warner, Gautam Dantas, Brad W Warner

Open Access Publications

Surgical removal of the intestine, lifesaving in catastrophic gastrointestinal disorders of infancy, can result in a form of intestinal failure known as short bowel syndrome (SBS). Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major challenge in pediatric SBS management. BSIs require frequent antibiotic therapy, with ill-defined consequences for the gut microbiome and childhood health. Here, we combine serial stool collection, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, multivariate statistics and genome-resolved strain-tracking in a cohort of 19 patients with surgically-induced SBS to show that antibiotic-driven intestinal dysbiosis in SBS enriches for persistent intestinal colonization with BSI causative pathogens in SBS. Comparing the gut microbiome composition of …

Paeonol Ameliorates Chronic Itch And Spinal Astrocytic Activation Via Cxcr3 In An Experimental Dry Skin Model In Mice, Wen Wang, Qiaoyun Li, Zhongqiu Zhao, Yutong Liu, Yi Wang, Hui Xiong, Zhinan Mei

Open Access Publications

Paeonol is a bioactive phenol presents mainly in

Discovery Of Novel Reductive Elimination Pathway For 10-Hydroxywarfarin, Dakota L Pouncey, Dustyn A Barnette, Riley W Sinnott, Sarah J Phillips, Noah R Flynn, Howard P Hendrickson, S Joshua Swamidass, Grover P Miller

Open Access Publications

Coumadin (R/S-warfarin) anticoagulant therapy is highly efficacious in preventing the formation of blood clots; however, significant inter-individual variations in response risks over or under dosing resulting in adverse bleeding events or ineffective therapy, respectively. Levels of pharmacologically active forms of the drug and metabolites depend on a diversity of metabolic pathways. Cytochromes P450 play a major role in oxidizing R- and S-warfarin to 6-, 7-, 8-, 10-, and 4'-hydroxywarfarin, and warfarin alcohols form through a minor metabolic pathway involving reduction at the C11 position. We hypothesized that due to structural similarities with warfarin, hydroxywarfarins undergo reduction, possibly impacting their pharmacological …

Perceptions Of Clinical Dental Students Toward Online Education During The Covid-19 Crisis: An Egyptian Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey, Reham Hassan, Ayman R Khalifa, Tarek Elsewify, Mohamed G Hassan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Superior Verbal Memory Outcome After Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy, Daniel L Drane, Jon T Willie, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Care Gaps And Recommendations In Vestibular Migraine: An Expert Panel Summit, Monica P Mallampalli, Joel A Goebel, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Vestibular migraine (VM) is an increasingly recognized pathology yet remains as an underdiagnosed cause of vestibular disorders. While current diagnostic criteria are codified in the 2012 Barany Society document and included in the third edition of the international classification of headache disorders, the pathophysiology of this disorder is still elusive. The Association for Migraine Disorders hosted a multidisciplinary, international expert workshop in October 2020 and identified seven current care gaps that the scientific community needs to resolve, including a better understanding of the range of symptoms and phenotypes of VM, the lack of a diagnostic marker, a better understanding of …

Association Of Inventory To Measure And Assess Image Disturbance - Head And Neck Scores With Clinically Meaningful Body Image-Related Distress Among Head And Neck Cancer Survivors, David Macias, Patrik Pipkorn, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Factors Influencing Implementation Of Blood Transfusion Recommendations In Pediatric Critical Care Units, Katherine M Steffen, Philip C Spinella, Laura M Holdsworth, Mackenzie A Ford, Grace M Lee, Steven M Asch, Enola K Proctor, Allan Doctor

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Academic Performance Of Children With Sickle Cell Disease In The United States: A Meta-Analysis, Andrew M Heitzer, Latacha Hamilton, Claire Stafford, Jeffrey Gossett, Lara Ouellette, Ana Trpchevska, Allison A King, Guolian Kang, Jane S Hankins

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Encephalitic Arboviruses Of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation And Neuropathogenesis, Robyn S Klein

Open Access Publications

Many mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) are endemic in Africa, contributing to systemic and neurological infections in various geographical locations on the continent. While most arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive diseases of the central nervous system, neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include flaccid paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and post-infectious autoimmune or memory disorders. Here we review endemic members of the

Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages And Neutrophils Define Patterns Of Granulomatous Inflammation In Inborn And Acquired Errors Of Immunity, Ludmila Perelygina, Amy Musiek, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Rubella virus (RuV) has recently been found in association with granulomatous inflammation of the skin and several internal organs in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The cellular tropism and molecular mechanisms of RuV persistence and pathogenesis in select immunocompromised hosts are not clear. We provide clinical, immunological, virological, and histological data on a cohort of 28 patients with a broad spectrum of IEI and RuV-associated granulomas in skin and nine extracutaneous tissues to further delineate this relationship. Combined immunodeficiency was the most frequent diagnosis (67.8%) among patients. Patients with previously undocumented conditions, i.e., humoral immunodeficiencies, a secondary immunodeficiency, …

Global Parity: Study Design For A Multi-Centered, International Point Prevalence Study To Estimate The Burden Of Pediatric Acute Critical Illness In Resource-Limited Settings, Qalab Abbas, Kenneth E Remy, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Background: The burden of pediatric critical illness and resource utilization by children with critical illness in resource limited settings (RLS) are largely unknown. Without specific data that captures key aspects of critical illness, disease presentation, and resource utilization for pediatric populations in RLS, development of a contextual framework for appropriate, evidence-based interventions to guide allocation of limited but available resources is challenging. We present this methods paper which describes our efforts to determine the prevalence, etiology, hospital outcomes, and resource utilization associated with pediatric acute, critical illness in RLS globally.

Methods: We will conduct a prospective, observational, multicenter, multinational point …

A Real-World Observation Of Antipsychotic Effects On Brain Volumes And Intrinsic Brain Activity In Schizophrenia, Yifan Chen, Fay Y Womer, Ruiqi Feng, Xizhe Zhang, Yanbo Zhang, Jia Duan, Miao Chang, Zhiyang Yin, Xiaowei Jiang, Shengnan Wei, Yange Wei, Yanqing Tang, Fei Wang

Open Access Publications

Background: The confounding effects of antipsychotics that led to the inconsistencies of neuroimaging findings have long been the barriers to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Although it is widely accepted that antipsychotics can alleviate psychotic symptoms during the early most acute phase, the longer-term effects of antipsychotics on the brain have been unclear. This study aims to look at the susceptibility of different imaging measures to longer-term medicated status through real-world observation.

Methods: We compared gray matter volume (GMV) with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in 89 medicated-schizophrenia (med-SZ), 81 unmedicated-schizophrenia (unmed-SZ), and 235 healthy controls (HC), and the …

Seizures In Fragile X Syndrome: Associations And Longitudinal Analysis Of A Large Clinic-Based Cohort, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Robyn A Filipink, Richard E Frye, Sailaja Golla, Stephanie M Morris, Howard Andrews, Tse-Hwei Choo, Walter E Kaufmann, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, learning disability, and autism spectrum disorder, is associated with an increased prevalence of certain medical conditions including seizures. The goal of this study was to better understand seizures in individuals with FXS using the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Research Database, a multisite observational study initiated in 2012 involving FXS clinics in the Fragile X Clinic and Research Consortium. Seizure data were available for 1,607 participants, mostly male (77%) and white (74.5%). The overall prevalence of at least one seizure was 12%, with this rate being significantly …

Development And Testing Of A Spray-Dried Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate In A Mouse Model, Mellissa Gomez, Mushtaq Ahmed, Shibali Das, Leah Mellett, Rosemary Swanson, Ananya Gupta, Shabaana A Khader, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Converting a vaccine into a thermostable dry powder is advantageous as it reduces the resource burden linked with the cold chain and provides flexibility in dosage and administration through different routes. Such a dry powder presentation may be especially useful in the development of a vaccine towards the respiratory infectious disease tuberculosis (TB). This study assesses the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of spray-dried ID93+GLA-SE, a promising TB vaccine candidate, against

Druggable Lipid Binding Sites In Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels And Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Wayland W L Cheng, Mark J Arcario, John T Petroff

Open Access Publications

Lipids modulate the function of many ion channels, possibly through direct lipid-protein interactions. The recent outpouring of ion channel structures by cryo-EM has revealed many lipid binding sites. Whether these sites mediate lipid modulation of ion channel function is not firmly established in most cases. However, it is intriguing that many of these lipid binding sites are also known sites for other allosteric modulators or drugs, supporting the notion that lipids act as endogenous allosteric modulators through these sites. Here, we review such lipid-drug binding sites, focusing on pentameric ligand-gated ion channels and transient receptor potential channels. Notable examples include …

Understanding Drivers Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Racial Disparities: A Population-Level Analysis Of Covid-19 Testing Among Black And White Populations, Aaloke Mody, Kristin Pfeifauf, Cory Bradley, Branson Fox, Matifadza G. Hlatshwayo, Will Ross, Vetta Sanders-Thompson, Karen Joynt Maddox, Mat Reidhead, Mario Schootman, William G. Powderly, Elvin H. Geng

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing-the pandemic's most critical but limited resource-may be an important but modifiable driver of COVID-19 inequities.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Missouri State Department of Health and Senior Services on all COVID-19 tests conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions. We adapted a well-established tool for measuring inequity-the Lorenz curve-to compare COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case among Black and White populations.

RESULTS: Between 14/3/2020 and 15/9/2020, 606 725 and 328 204 COVID-19 tests were conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively. Over time, Black individuals consistently …

Kentucky And The Thoroughbred Industries: Prospects And Challenges As Gambling Stagnates, Thomas E. Lambert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Over the last 15 to 20 years or so horse racing has seen declines in wagering and fan attendance throughout the US. Because of this, the number of races, horses per race, the number of thoroughbred farms, and new thoroughbreds bred and born each year for about the last 10 to 12 years have also declined. The decline in wagering has occurred despite simulcasting of races, online betting, and gambling machines which employ films of past races (historical horse racing machines). Those racetracks doing well are usually part of larger casino and entertainment complexes (racinos). Kentucky, which has one of …

Malondialdehyde Acetaldehyde Adducts (Maa-Adducts) Direct Distinctive Pro-Inflammatory Responses In Endothelial And Macrophage Cell Lines, Patrick J. Opperman, Michael J. Duryee, Ted R. Mikuls, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Dahn L. Clemens, Daniel R. Anderson

EMET Projects

Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. At present, the mechanism(s) by which inflammation contributes to this disease isnot entirely understood. Inflammation is known to induce oxidative stress, of which one consequence is lipid peroxidation. This process leads to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), which can subsequently break down to form acetaldehyde (AA). These two aldehyde by-products can covalently interact with the ε-amino group of lysineswithin proteins and lipoproteins leading to the formation of highly immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA-adducts). The aim of this study was to determine the in-vitro cytokine response of endothelial cells and macrophages …

The Induction Of Autoimmune Arthritis And Sex Differences In Mice Impact The Lung Inflammatory Response To Repetitive Inhalant Organic Dust Extract Exposures, Kathryn Rentfro, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Katherine Janike, Amy J. Nelson, Michael J. Duryee, Bryant R. England, Debra J. Romberger, Joseph Carrington, Dong Wang, Benjamin J. Swanson, Lynell W. Klassen, Ted R. Mikuls, Jill A. Poole

EMET Projects

Asthma, chronic bronchitis and COPD are common adverse respiratory health effects among persons exposed to agriculture organic dust work environments.

• Occupational inhalant exposures have been increasingly associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease development, particularly among males. Agriculture workers have increased risk of RA and generalized bone disease.
• Chronic lung disease is associated with production of characteristic autoantibodies associated with RA (e.g.anti-citrullinated antibodies), even in absence of RA disease.
• The mechanistic link between pulmonary inflammation and arthritis (and vice versa) remains poorly understood. Animal models are lacking.

Maintaining My Humanity In Medical School, Max Lydiatt

EMET Projects

No abstract provided.

Social Emotional Competence In School Leaders, Melanie Sanders

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

School principals are responsible for the recruitment and retention of effective teachers, leading the instructional program, maintaining the climate and culture of the building, ensuring school safety, and improving student achievement, among other things. Social emotional learning (SEL) has become an important part of K-12 education and has been found to improve climate and culture, student achievement, long term student outcomes, and many other benefits. Research has been conducted on many of the student outcomes associated with SEL but there is limited literature in the area of the social emotional competence (SEC) of adults who work in schools, particularly school …

Communication Theory Of Identity, Identity Gap Theory, And Motherscholaring During Covid-19, Sarah Symonds Leblanc, Elizabeth L. Spradley, Heather K. Olson Beal, Lauren E. Burrow, Chrissy Cross

Iowa Journal of Communication

This article uses an interactive interviewing approach to capture the lived experiences of five MotherScholars during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) and identity gaps, we aim to understand how COVID-19 impacted our MotherScholar identities. While CTI and identity gap research has advanced a layered perspective of identity across different contexts, the research is just beginning to explore gaps within and between layers to understand how individuals and groups make sense of those gaps. Our use of “collaborative autoethnography” enables us to extend CTI and identity gap research by teasing out identity gaps that we experienced …

A Mixed Methods Study Examining The Barriers And Facilitators To Research Utilization And Evidence-Based Practice In Adult Weight Management, Kevin B. Metcalf

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background

Obesity is a disease with many associated comorbidities and its prevalence in the U.S. continues to increase despite the majority of people with obesity attempting weight loss. Dietitians are responsible for using evidence-based practice to mitigate the effects of obesity, however, differences in practice philosophies, opinion leaders, misinformation, a sense of competence, and the complexity of nutrition research have been identified as barriers to implementing practice guidelines into daily practice. It is unclear how dietitians strike a balance between empirical evidence, anecdotal evidence, and patient-centered practice.

Aims

The primary aim of this mixed-methods study was to identify the barriers …

Student Retention In Higher Education: Effect Of The Campus Fitness Center On Women, Leslie Marie Gordon

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Of the 3.5 million first-time in college, full time students who began college in fall 2017, 74% returned for fall 2018, with 61.7% retained at their starting institution. Covid-19 has negatively impacted retention; in addition to normal attrition, one of every five students did not return to campus in fall 2020. Researchers have gauged both academic and social factors that positively influence retention and note the use of the campus fitness center (CFC) as one social factor; however, women are less likely to use the CFC, are one third as likely to exercise, and experience more numerous fitness obstacles and …

Opposite Sex Friendship Initiation: Dispositional Differences In Self-Monitoring, Abigail P. Masterson

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Based on the self-monitoring and friendship literature (Fuglestad & Snyder, 2010) it was predicted that compared to low self-monitors, high self-monitors have an unrestricted orientation to sexual liaisons and view friendships as activity-based. These two tendencies suggest high self-monitors are more likely than low self-monitors to initiate opposite sex friendships for sexual purposes whereas low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to initiate opposite sex friendships for companionship purposes. To evaluate this prediction, 133 male and 135 female heterosexuals completed the 25 item Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974), the Reasons for Friendship Initiation Scale (Bleske-Rechek & Buss, 2001), and the …

Physician Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Towards Registered Dietitian Nutritionists, Amy Motley Jones

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diet is increasingly linked with overall quality of life, and a healthy diet is now being considered one of the cornerstones of preventative care. Physicians rely on Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) as most doctors lack the nutrition knowledge to properly treat their patients, especially during their residency. Little published information exists on the specific collaboration of RDNs and resident physicians. This study aimed to determine whether mentoring with an RDN increased physician nutrition knowledge, increased consults to RDNs, and whether physician attitudes improved regarding their understanding of the role of the RDN in healthcare. Knowledge or attitude alone are not …

Consideration Of The Ethical Implications Of Artificial Intelligence In The Audit Profession, Marcy Kim Uglum

Honors Program Theses

Given its burgeoning development and powerful use of data interpretation and analyses, AI is important to the future of the auditing profession. These new and emerging tools are needed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of tasks (Baldwin, Brown, & Trinkle, 2007). Firms that provide these auditing services are looking for ways to use AI to assess the risk of unstructured and semi-structured, repetitive, decisions. Although AI is currently playing a prominent role in various aspects of our modern society, the use of this technology is still in the earlier stages of development for the auditing profession. Therefore, this research …

Fraud And Covid-19: An Unintended Downside Of Government Aid During The Pandemic, Derek Labarge

Honors Program Theses

Last year, COVID-19 brought an unprecedented global crisis to the world. As experts continue to analyze the virus itself, it is also necessary to study the aftermath of the pandemic. This includes any unforeseen consequences from the actions taken by people and governments trying to navigate their way through the chaos. This project aims to focus on one of these consequences: fraud. Past disasters and crises have unfortunately shown that these times of need for people are often when third parties, businesses, or even victims themselves take advantage of the situation for personal gain, often at the expense of those …

Major Problems: Choice Of Major By Transgender College Students, Lux K. Barton , '21

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Despite the increasing visibility of LGBTQ identities in today's society, there is still a lack of research on how students of these identities navigate higher education. In particular, the factors that determine the choices of major of transgender college students are not well known. This study aimed to answer several questions about how transgender students select majors, including whether they select majors differently than their cisgender peers, what factors drive their decisions, and how they navigate their chosen majors. The study utilized a mixed methods approach, including the use of a survey on major choice and satisfaction with majors distributed …