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Orthograde Apical Plug In A Traumatized Tooth With Necrotic Pulp And Immature Apex Using Calcium Silicate Cement: A Case Report, Shizrah Jamal, Fahad Umer

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

This case report describes dental management of a 15- year-old boy, undergoing treatment for Thalassaemia Major and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with bone marrow transplant and immuno-suppressants. During the course of his treatment the patient developed a swelling in anterior maxilla and therefore was referred by the primary physician for evaluation. This case report highlights the management of medically compromised patients in a tertiary care hospital in which apexification was carried out in a permanent immature tooth utilizing MTA as an immediate apical plug.

A Realistic Two-Strain Model For Mers-Cov Infection Uncovers The High Risk For Epidemic Propagation, Tridip Sardar, Indrajit Ghosh, Xavier Rodó, Joydev Chattopadhyay

Journal Articles

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory illness with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 35,5%. The highest number of MERS-CoV cases are from Saudi-Arabia, the major worldwide hotspot for this disease. In the absence of neither effective treatment nor a ready-to-use vaccine and with yet an incomplete understanding of its epidemiological cycle, prevention and containment measures can be derived from mathematical models of disease epidemiology. We constructed 2-strain models to predict past outbreaks in the interval 2012–2016 and derive key epidemiological information for Macca, Madina and Riyadh. We approached variability in infection through three different disease …

Provider Behavior Change Approaches To Improve Family Planning Services In The Ouagadougou Partnership Countries: A Landscaping Review, Kathryn Spielman, Elizabeth Tobey, Martha Silva, Leanne Dougherty

Reproductive Health

This landscaping review summarizes available evidence (as of 2020) on the effectiveness of provider behavior change interventions for improving family planning services in Ouagadougou Partnership countries and presents current or recent provider behavior change interventions not formally evaluated. The findings are summarized along with reflections about possible research and programming investments to address challenges and opportunities.

Results Of The 2019 Immunization Status Survey Of 24 Month Old Children In Tennessee, Tennessee. Department Of Health.

Immunization Rates

No abstract provided.

Gestational Infections And Obesity: Implications For Intellectual Disability Risk, Maggie S. J. Mccarter

Theses and Dissertations

Maternal body weight, measured as Body Mass Index (BMI) and infection during pregnancy are established risk factors of multiple adverse birth outcomes that are also associated with intellectual disability (ID) in children, but little is known of the interaction of these two factors. This retrospective cohort study sought to explore whether BMI is an effect modifier in the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and ID of the child, and to make comparisons between categories of gestational infection. The study sample (n= 124,047 after exclusion) was derived from Medicaid administrative data. After preliminary analysis of interaction, stratified logistic regression analysis …

Accepting Higher Morbidity In Exchange For Sacrificing Fewer Animals In Studies Developing Novel Infection-Control Strategies., Henk J. Busscher, Willem Woudstra, Theo G. Van Kooten, Paul Jutte, Linqi Shi, Jianfeng Liu, Wouter L.J. Hinrichs, Hendrik W. Frijlink, Rui Shi, Jian Liu, Javad Parvizi, Stephen Kates, Vincent M. Rotello, Thomas P. Schaer, Dustin Williams, David W. Grainger, Henny C. Van Der Mei

Rothman Institute Papers

Preventing bacterial infections from becoming the leading cause of death by the year 2050 requires the development of novel, infection-control strategies, building heavily on biomaterials science, including nanotechnology. Pre-clinical (animal) studies are indispensable for this development. Often, animal infection outcomes bear little relation to human clinical outcome. Here, we review conclusions from pathogen-inoculum dose-finding pilot studies for evaluation of novel infection-control strategies in murine models. Pathogen-inoculum doses are generally preferred that produce the largest differences in quantitative infection outcome parameters between a control and an experimental group, without death or termination of animals due to having reached an inhumane end-point …

The Old Iron Curtain Split Our Continent In Half: The New Ones Could Tear Apart Our Nations, Rok Hrzic, Helmut Brand

Open Access archive

No abstract provided.

Bioinformatics Analysis Of Global Proteomic And Phosphoproteomic Data Sets Revealed Activation Of Nek2 And Aurka In Cancers, Barnali Deb, Pratyay Sengupta, Janani Sambath, Prashant Kumar

Open Access archive

Tumor heterogeneity attributes substantial challenges in determining the treatment regimen. Along with the conventional treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapy has greater impact in cancer management. Owing to the recent advancements in proteomics, we aimed to mine and re-interrogate the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data sets which contain deep scale, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets conducted on human tumor samples. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets of tumor samples were explored and downloaded from the CPTAC database for six different cancers types (breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), colon cancer, lung …

Differentiation Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Genotype 1 And 2 Strains By Visible Phenotypic Characteristics On Solid Media, Emily L. Wynn, Gennie Schuller, John D. Loy, Aspen M. Workman, T. G. Mcdaneld, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Genotype 2 Mannheimia haemolytica associate with the lungs of cattle with bovine respiratory disease more frequently than genotype 1 strains. Different colony colors and morphologies were identified between genotype 1 and 2 solid media cultures. Genotype of strains, and frequency differences between them in mixed cultures are discernable by visual inspection.

Supplements attached

Migratory Flyways May Affect Population Structure In Double‐Crested Cormorants, Steven J.A. Kimble, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Travis L. Devault

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) recovered from a demographic bottleneck so well that they are now considered a nuisance species at breeding and wintering grounds across the United States and Canada. Management of this species could be improved by refining genetic population boundaries and assigning individuals to their natal population. Further, recent radio‐telemetry data suggest the existence of Interior and Atlantic migratory flyways, which could reduce gene flow and result in substantial genetic isolation. In this study, we used 1,784 individuals collected across the eastern United States, a large panel of microsatellite markers developed for this species, and individuals banded as …

Acoustic Parameters For Optimal Ultrasound-Triggered Release From Novel Spinal Hardware Devices., Lauren J. Delaney, Cemile Basgul, Daniel W Macdonald, Keith Fitzgerald, Noreen J. Hickok, Steven M Kurtz, Flemming Forsberg

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Post-operative infection is a catastrophic complication of spinal fusion surgery, with rates as high as 10%, and existing preventative measures (i.e., peri-operative antibiotics) are only partially successful. To combat this clinical problem, we have designed a drug delivery system around polyether ether ketone clips to be used for prophylactic post-surgical release of antibiotics upon application of ultrasound. The overall hypothesis is that antimicrobial release from this system will aggressively combat post-surgical bacterial survival. This study investigated a set of acoustic parameters optimized for in vitro ultrasound-triggered coating rupture and subsequent release of encapsulated prophylactic antibiotics. We determined that a transducer …

The Elevated Systemic Cytokine Levels In Hiv Patients Are Not Associated With An Elevated Pulmonary Cytokine Environment., Rafael Fernandez-Botran, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Yasmany García, Chanakya Charan Tirumala, Praneet Kumar Srisailam, Anupama Raghuram, Paula Peyrani, Stephen P. Furmanek, Mahder A. Tella, Jeffrey D. Ritzenthaler, Jesse Roman, Julio A. Ramirez

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background

HIV-positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are at higher risk of developing many non-AIDS related chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), compared to HIV-negative individuals. While the mechanisms are not clear, a persistent pro-inflammatory state appears to be a key contributing factor. The aims of this study were to investigate whether HIV-positive patients without COPD present evidence of potentially predisposing abnormal pulmonary cytokine/chemokine environment and to explore the relationship between pulmonary and systemic cytokine levels.

Methods

This study included 39 HIV-seropositive and 34 HIV-seronegative subjects without COPD. All were subjected to outpatient bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid …

A Hybrid Agent-Based And Equation Based Epidemiological Model For The Spread Of Infectious Diseases, Elizabeth Hunter

Doctoral

Infectious disease models are essential in understanding how an outbreak might occur and how best to mitigate an outbreak. One of the most important factors in modelling a disease is choosing an appropriate model and determining the assump tions needed to create the model. The main research questions this thesis addresses are how do we create a model for the spread of infectious diseases that captures heterogeneous agents without using an inordinate amount of computing power and how can we use that model to plan for future infectious disease outbreaks. We start our work by analysing and comparing equation based …

The Effect Of Care Coordination On Hemoglobin A1c For Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Lee Ann Hinsky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to test the impact of care coordinator visits by primary care registered nurses on serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study, the researcher compared 2 groups of type 2 diabetes patients—those who had care coordinator visits from registered nurses and those who did not—through retrospective data collection and analysis from the patients’ electronic medical record from July 2018 through December 2018. An independent samples t test was used to compare the means of the intervention and control groups’ change in HbA1c levels. The intervention and control groups …

High Risk For Human Exposure To Rift Valley Fever Virus In Communities Living Along Livestock Movement Routes: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Kenya, Caroline Tigoi, Rosemary Sang, Edith Chepkorir, Benedict Orindi, Samuel Okello Arum, Francis Mulwa, Gladys Mosomtai, Samson Limbaso, Osama A. Hassan, Zephania Irura, Clas Ahlm, Magnus Evander

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Introduction Multiple outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) with devastating effects have occurred in East Africa. These outbreaks cause disease in both livestock and humans and affect poor households most severely. Communities living in areas practicing nomadic livestock movement may be at higher risk of infection. This study sought to i) determine the human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in populations living within nomadic animal movement routes in Kenya; and ii) identify risk factors for RVFV infection in these communities. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Samples were collected from the year 2014 to 2015 in …

Socio-Economic Inequalities In Accessing Treatment Of Non-Communicable Diseases In Egypt Using Health Issues Survey 2015, Radwa Ahmed Elmoneer

Theses and Dissertations

The right to health is a fundamental human right, medications constitute a vital component of any health system worldwide. Hence, access to medicines is one entitlement of the right to health, and governments pay increasing concerns to improve equitable access to healthcare and medications among all citizens. Egypt is a middle income country, with tight resources and capabilities to spend on health, and a pluralistic and fragmented healthcare system. Therefore, aggravated challenges are facing the government towards the achievement of the "Health for all" constitutional right. Identifying where inequalities exist, and monitoring their change over time, is a major prerequisite …

Positive Deviance Inquiry Of Breastfeeding In Egypt, Ayah Sarhan

Theses and Dissertations

Increases in malnutrition among Egyptian children under five years have been associated with decreases in rates of breastfeeding. International and national research have identified personal and contextual challenges that lower the chances of women breastfeeding. These challenges include lack of knowledge and support by medical personnel and family, negative societal attitudes, and institutional practices that inhibit breastfeeding. In this study, a positive deviance approach was used to identify the practices that enabled middle-class Egyptian women to initiate and continue breastfeeding. Data was collected from 33 positive deviant mothers using a survey and a semi-structured interview. Findings confirmed that they faced …

Benzalkonium Chloride Alters Phenotypic And Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Profiles In A Source Water Used For Drinking Water Treatment, Katherine R. Harrison, Anthony D. Kappell, Patrick J. Mcnamara

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Triclosan is an antimicrobial compound with direct links to antibiotic resistance that was widely used in soaps in the U.S. until its ban by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium compound, has widely replaced triclosan in soaps marketed as an antibacterial. BAC has been detected in surface waters and its presence will likely increase following increased use in soap products. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BAC on relative abundance of antibiotic resistance in a bacterial community from a surface water …

Recent Advances In Porphyrin-Based Nanocomposites For Effective Targeted Imaging And Therapy, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki, Soha Mokhtari Garakani, Shima Mokhtari Garakani, Sepideh Ahmadi, Aseman Lajevardi, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Mohammad Rabiee, Lobat Tayebi, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Michael R. Hamblin

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Porphyrins are organic compounds that continue to attract much theoretical interest, and have been called the “pigments of life”. They have a wide role in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, along with uses in magnetic resonance, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. There is a vast range of porphyrins that have been isolated or designed, but few of them have real clinical applications. Due to the hydrophobic properties of porphyrins, and their tendency to aggregate by stacking of the planar molecules they are difficult to work with in aqueous media. Therefore encapsulating them in nanoparticles (NPs) or attachment to various delivery vehicles have …

Through The Back Door: Proteins Escape Cells Without Conventional Permission, Michael J. Cohen

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Proteins secreted to the extracellular environment play a fundamental role as signals, in metabolism, and a variety of other processes. The process of secretion through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to the plasma membrane is well documented, and all cargo in this pathway contains a signal peptide. However, a variety of proteins secreted from eukaryotes lack a signal peptide and are called unconventionally secreted proteins. Here we discuss known mechanisms of unconventional protein secretion, as well as model proteins which follow characterized pathways. Additionally, we summarize the roles various unconventionally secreted proteins play outside of cells and suggest criteria for …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Anemia Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Developing Countries, Sumera Aziz Ali, Umber S. Khan, Anam Shahil Feroz

Community Health Sciences

Anemia is one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity across the globe, affecting around two-thirds of pregnant women in developing countries. The objective of this study was to synthesise study findings regarding the prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries. A total of 28 articles were reviewed by two authors for preliminary screening after removing overlapping information. Finally, 15 studies conducted from 2000 to 2015 were included in the review. The average prevalence of anemia was found to be 46.5% with a range of 18.1% to 75% in different studies. Factors …

Glopid-R Report On Chikungunya, O'Nyong-Nyong And Mayaro Virus, Part 5: Entomological Aspects, L. Pezzi, M. S. Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group has been established to investigate natural history, epidemiology and clinical aspects of infection by these viruses. Here, we present a report dedicated to entomological aspects of CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV. Recent global expansion of chikungunya virus has been possible because CHIKV established a transmission cycle in urban settings using anthropophilic vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. MAYV and ONNV have a more limited geographic distribution, being confined to Africa (ONNV) and central-southern America (MAYV). ONNV is probably maintained through …

Redefining And Revisiting Cost Estimates Of Routine Art Care In Zambia: An Analysis Of Ten Clinics, Austin Tucker, Tannia Tembo, Radhika P Tampi, Jacob Mutale, Mpande Mukumba-Mwenechanya, Anjali Sharma, David W Dowdy, Carolyn B Moore, Elvin Geng, Charles B Holmes, Izukanji Sikazwe, Hojoon Sohn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Accurate costing is key for programme planning and policy implementation. Since 2011, there have been major changes in eligibility criteria and treatment regimens with price reductions in ART drugs, programmatic changes resulting in clinical task-shifting and decentralization of ART delivery to peripheral health centres making existing evidence on ART care costs in Zambia out-of-date. As decision makers consider further changes in ART service delivery, it is important to understand the current drivers of costs for ART care. This study provides updates on costs of ART services for HIV-positive patients in Zambia.

METHODS: We evaluated costs, assessed from the health …

The Use Of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy In A Tertiary Pediatric Hospital, Ali Güngör, Neşe Yaralı

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine demographic features of patients provided intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) excluding replacement therapy in the inpatient services and to evaluate indications for IVIG, and side effects related to therapy. Methods: Patients who received IVIG therapy between January 2016 and August 2018 were retrospectively identified. The demographic features, diagnosis, IVIG dose, number of days they underwent IVIG therapy, and whether or not they experienced IVIG-related side effects were recorded. Results: A total of 186 patients were included in this study, and of these, 89 (47.8%) were females. The median age of all of the patients was 48.5 months old (range …

Novel Coronavirus – Thailand (Ex-China)

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Delayed Inpatient Diagnosis And Isolation Of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients, A Large Tertiary Care Academic Hospital Experience In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: What Are We Missing?, Abdulellah M. Almohaya, Naif H. Alotaibi, Muath A. Alotaibi, Ali M. Somily

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To identify pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) delayed inpatient diagnosis duration and contributing factors in an academic center in Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: Retrospective review of all culture-confirmed PTB cases between May 2015 and April 2019. The outcomes were the timing between admission and suspicion of PTB or isolation to either early group (within 24 hours of admission) and late group (24 hours after admission). Results: Forty-nine cases were included with a median age of 49 years; a third of them were above 65 years of age. Most patients were of Saudi nationality and male. Approximately 38% of the cases were …

Incidence, Types And Outcomes Of Sternal Wound Infections After Cardiac Surgery In Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Medical Chart Review, Faruk Buba, Mazen Barry, Fatima Alsharani, Fawzan Alfawzan

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine the incidence, types, risk factors, identify organisms, and assess outcomes of surgical wound infections (SWIs) after cardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This historical cohort study reviewed the chart of patients who underwent cardiac surgery at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2009 and December 2014. The proforma contained personal data, comorbidities, type of surgery, microbiological analysis, and management outcomes. Results: A total of 1241 patients were enrolled in the study comprising 1,032 (83.2%) men and 209 (16.8%) women. Forty (3.2%) patients developed SWI, of which 32 (2.5%) were …

Hope On The Horizon: Novel Fungal Treatments In Development, Adriana M. Rauseo, Ariella Coler-Reilly, Lindsey Larson, Andrej Spec

Open Access Publications

The treatment of invasive fungal infections remains challenging due to limitations in currently available antifungal therapies including toxicity, interactions, restricted routes of administration, and drug resistance. This review focuses on novel therapies in clinical development, including drugs and a device. These drugs have novel mechanisms of action to overcome resistance, and some offer new formulations providing distinct advantages over current therapies to improve safety profiles and reduce interactions. Among agents that target the cell wall, 2 glucan synthesis inhibitors are discussed (rezafungin and ibrexafungerp), as well as fosmanogepix and nikkomycin Z. Agents that target the cell membrane include 3 fourth-generation …

Antitrust Law, Freedom, And Human Development, Zephyr Teachout

Cardozo Law Review

For four decades, there was a near-universal consensus that consumer welfare was the sole and appropriate purpose of antitrust law. That consensus is breaking apart. For the first time in two generations, a growing group of scholars and policymakers is challenging that orthodoxy. They reject the consumer welfare consensus, and argue that antimonopoly policy should and can have much broader social goals, and serve democratic ends, not merely efficiency ones.

This group is unified by its shared protest, but lacks a shared positive platform. It does not itself have a consensus on what goals should replace the monotheistic approach of …

Diarrhoeal Disease And Subsequent Risk Of Death In Infants And Children Residing In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: Analysis Of The Gems Case-Control Study And 12-Month Gems-1a Follow-On Study, Myron M. Levine, Dilruba Nasrin, Sozinho Acácio, Quique Bassat, Helen Powell, Sharon M. Tennant, Samba O. Sow, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Shahida Qureshi, Farheen Quadri

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one assessing MSD and the other less-severe diarrhoea (LSD). In this report, we analyse the risk of death with each diarrhoea type and the specific pathogens associated with fatal outcomes.
Methods: GEMS was a prospective, age-stratified, matched case-control study done at seven sites in Africa and Asia. Children aged 0-59 months with MSD seeking care at sentinel health centres were recruited along …