Digital Commons Network^™

Analysis Of The In Vivo Transcriptome Of Bordetella Pertussis During Infection Of Mice, Ting Y. Wong, Jesse M. Hall, Evan S. Nowak, Dylan T. Boehm, Laura A. Gonyar, Erik L. Hewlwtt, Joshua C. Eby, Mariette Barbier, F H. Damron

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Bordetella pertussis causes the disease whooping cough through coordinated control of virulence factors by the Bordetella virulence gene system. Microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) have been used to describe in vitro gene expression profiles of B. pertussis and other pathogens. In previous studies, we have analyzed the in vitro gene expression profiles of B. pertussis, and we hypothesize that the infection transcriptome profile in vivo is significantly different from that under laboratory growth conditions. To study the infection transcriptome of B. pertussis, we developed a simple filtration technique for isolation of bacteria from infected lungs. The work flow …

Acceptability And Feasibility Of A 12-Week Yoga Vs. Educational Film Program For The Management Of Restless Legs Syndrome (Rls): Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Terry K. Selfe, Sijin Wen, Karen Sherman, Maryanna Klatt, Kim E. Innes

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and burdensome sleep disorder associated with profound impairment of health, well-being, and quality of life. Unfortunately, the medications used for RLS management carry risk of serious side effects, including augmentation of symptoms. Yoga, an ancient mind-body discipline designed to promote physical, emotional, and mental well-being, may offer a viable, low-risk new treatment. The primary objectives of this pilot, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT) are to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a 12-week yoga vs. educational film program for the management of RLS.

Methods

Forty-four adults with confirmed moderate to severe RLS …

Nutrition Risk Is Associated With Leukocyte Telomere Length In Middle-Aged Men And Women With At Least One Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease, Melissa V. Marra, Margaret A. Drazba, Ida Holaskova, William L. Belden

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Poor diet quality has been associated with several age-related chronic conditions, but its relationship to telomere length, a biological marker of cellular aging, is unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether overall diet quality was associated with relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) in a sample (n = 96) of nonsmoking middle-aged adults in Appalachia with at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed), and the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Peripheral rLTL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The …

Extracellular Vesicles Secreted In Response To Cytokine Exposure Increase Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption In Recipient Cells, Ashley E. Russell, Sujung Jun, Saumyendra Sarkar, Werener J. Geldenhuys, Sara E. Lewis, Stephanie L. Rellick, James W. Simpkins

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound nanoparticles released from most, if not all cells, and can carry functionally active cargo (proteins, nucleic acids) which can be taken up by neighboring cells and mediate physiologically relevant effects. In this capacity, EVs are being regarded as novel cell-to-cell communicators, which may play important roles in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aside from the canonical physical hallmarks of this disease [amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and widespread cell death], AD is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the current study, we sought to better understand the …

Sex Differences In Lifestyle Behaviors Among U.S. College Freshmen, Melissa D. Olfert, Makenzie L. Barr, Camille C. Charlier, Geoffrey W. Greene, Wenjun Zhou, Sarah E. Colby

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Within lifestyle behavior research, the sex of populations causes differences in behaviors and outcomes of studies. This cross-sectional study investigated lifestyle behavior patterns in college students, examining sex differences in four areas: Nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and stress. Data from over 1100 college freshmen across 8 United States universities were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Self-reported data assessed fruit and vegetable intake, fat percent intake, physical activity, perceived stress, and sleep quality. Statistical analysis included Pearson chi-squared and Mann–Whitney’s U tests for scores by sex. Likewise, healthy cut-offs were used to determine frequency of participants within range of the five …

Vegetal-Derived Biostimulant Enhances Adventitious Rooting In Cuttings Of Basil, Tomato, And Chrysanthemum Via Brassinosteroid-Mediated Processes, Hye-Ji Kim, Kang-Mo Ku, Seunghyun Choi, Mariateresa Cardarelli

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Plant-derived protein biostimulants exhibit hormone-like activities promoting plant growth and yield, yet detailed investigations on hormonal function have remained limited. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vegetal-derived-biostimulant on morphological and metabolic changes in cuttings of three herbaceous species demonstrating different rooting ability, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.), in comparison to auxin. Unrooted cuttings were applied with or without biostimulant (100, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 mg L⁻¹) or auxin [1% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg L⁻¹] as …

Neglecting Plant–Microbe Symbioses Leads To Underestimation Of Modeled Climate Impacts, Mingjie Shi, Joshua B. Fisher, Richard P. Phillips, Edward R. Brzostek

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The extent to which terrestrial ecosystems slow climate change by sequestering carbon hinges in part on nutrient limitation. We used a coupled carbon–climate model that accounts for the carbon cost to plants of supporting nitrogen-acquiring microbial symbionts to explore how nitrogen limitation affects global climate. To do this, we first calculated the reduction in net primary production due to the carbon cost of nitrogen acquisition. We then used a climate model to estimate the impacts of the resulting increase in atmospheric CO2 on temperature and precipitation regimes. The carbon costs of supporting symbiotic nitrogen uptake reduced net primary production by …

Interventions For Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: An Integrative Review, Roger Carpenter, Toni Dichiacchio, Kendra Baker

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been identified as one of the most challenging chronic illnesses to manage. Since the management of diabetes is mainly accomplished by patients and families, self-management has become the mainstay of diabetes care. However, a significant proportion of patients fail to engage in adequate self-management. A priority research question is how do interventions affect the self-management behaviors of persons with Type 2 diabetes?

Purpose/Objectives

The purpose of this integrative review is to provide a summary and critique of interventions that support diabetes self-management in the patient with Type II diabetes mellitus.

Design

An integrative review …

A Prospect Of Cell Immortalization Combined With Matrix Microenvironmental Optimization Strategy For Tissue Engineering And Regeneration, Yiming Wang, Song Chen, Zuoqin Yan, Ming Pei

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due …

Pseudomonas Fluorescens Increases Mycorrhization And Modulates Expression Of Antifungal Defense Response Genes In Roots Of Aspen Seedlings, Shalaka Shinde, Sarah Zerbs, Frank R. Collart, Jonathan R. Cumming, Philippe Noirot, Peter E. Larsen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Plants, fungi, and bacteria form complex, mutually-beneficial communities within the soil environment. In return for photosynthetically derived sugars in the form of exudates from plant roots, the microbial symbionts in these rhizosphere communities provide their host plants access to otherwise inaccessible nutrients in soils and help defend the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. One role that bacteria may play in these communities is that of Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHB). MHB are bacteria that facilitate the interactions between plant roots and symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi and, while the effects of MHB on the formation of plant-fungal symbiosis and on plant …

Differential Gene Regulation In Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells Grown In Monoculture Versus Coculture With Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Following Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Exposure, Brandi N. Snyder-Talkington, Chunlin Dong, Vincent Castranova, Yong Qian, Nancy L. Guo

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Concurrent with rising production of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials is a potential increase in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to exposure to nanomaterials in the workplace atmosphere. While single-cell models of pulmonary exposure are often used to determine the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in vitro, previous studies have shown that coculture cell models better represent the cellular response and crosstalk that occurs in vivo. This study identified differential gene regulation in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) grown either in monoculture or in coculture with human microvascular endothelial cells following exposure of the SAECs to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SAEC genes …

The Lack Of Consensus Of International Contouring Guidelines For The Dorsal Border Of The Chest Wall Clinical Target Volume: What Is The Impact On Organs At Risk And Relationships To Patterns Of Recurrence In The Modern Era?, Phillip M. Pifer, Robert P. Bice, Geraldine M. Jacobson, Kristin Lupinacci, Sushil Beriwal, Hannah W. Hazard, John A. Vargo

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Purpose

Methods and Materials

Toxicity Screening Of Two Prevalent Metal Organic Frameworks For Therapeutic Use In Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Alixandra Wagner, Qian Liu, Olivia L. Rose, Anna Eden, Aishwarya Vijay, Yon Rojanasakul, Cerasela Z. Dinu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Introduction: The flexibility and tunability of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), crystal- line porous materials composed of a network of metal ions coordinated by organic ligands, confer their variety of applications as drug delivery systems or as sensing and imaging agents. However, such properties also add to the difficulty in ensuring their safe implementa- tion when interaction with biological systems is considered.

Methods: In the current study, we used real-time sensorial strategies and cellular-based approaches to allow for fast and effective screening of two MOFs of prevalent use, namely, MIL-160 representative of a hydrophilic and ZIF-8 representative of a hydrophobic frame- …

Epichloë (Formerly Neotyphodium) Fungal Endophytes Increase Adaptation Of Cool-Season Perennial Grasses To Environmental Stresses, Dariusz P. Malinowski, David P. Belesky

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing …

Chitosan Biopolymer Improves The Fruit Quality Of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.), Shabab Mehebub, Nur U. Mahmud, Mosaddiqur Rahman, Musrat Z. Surovy, Dipali R. Gupta, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Mahfuzur Rahman, M T. Islam

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Chitosan (CHT) is a natural compound that has been used to control postharvest pathogenic diseases due to its capability of eliciting natural defense responses in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar CHT application on yield and quality of the litchi fruit. Chitosan was applied by spraying on to fruit and foliage just after fruit set four times at 7-day intervals with four varying doses viz. 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg L⁻¹ and a control (0 µg L⁻¹). Although the application of CHT had no significant effect on the size …

Metal Nanomaterials: Immune Effects And Implications Of Physicochemical Properties On Sensitization, Elicitation, And Exacerbation Of Allergic Disease, Katherine A. Roach, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Jenny R. Roberts

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The recent surge in incorporation of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials into consumer products and their corresponding use in occupational settings have raised concerns over the potential for metals to induce size-specific adverse toxicological effects. Although nano-metals have been shown to induce greater lung injury and inflammation than their larger metal counterparts, their size-related effects on the immune system and allergic disease remain largely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning since metals are historically recognized as common inducers of allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, and allergic adjuvancy. The investigation into the potential for adverse immune effects following exposure to …

Multiorgan Development Of Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress In Lps-Induced Endotoxemia In C57bl/6 Mice: Dhe-Based In Vivo Approach, Bartosz Proniewski, Agnieszka Kij, Barbara Sitek, Eric E. Kelley, Stefan Chlopicki

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Detection of free radicals in tissues is challenging. Most approaches rely on incubating excised sections or homogenates with reagents, typically at supraphysiologic oxygen tensions, to finally detect surrogate, nonspecific end products. In the present work, we explored the potential of using intravenously (i.v.) injected dihydroethidine (DHE) to detect superoxide radical (O2∙-) abundance in vivo by quantification of the superoxide-specific DHE oxidation product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E+), as well as ethidium (E+) and DHE in multiple tissues in a murine model of endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), while DHE was delivered via the tail vein one hour before …

Combined Candida Dubliniensis And Candida Albicans Keratitis Following A Chemical Injury, Justin Torosian, Thomas Mauger

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Candida dubliniensis is an uncommon source of ocular infections and has only been reported in a single previous case of keratitis. This report documents the course of a combined Candida dubliniensis andCandida albicans keratitis following a chemical injury. Antifungal sensitivities of the two differentCandida species are also demonstrated.

Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus Myoclonus In A Patient With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Divine C. Nwafor, Ashley B. Petrone, Joseph M. Collins, Amelia K. Adcock

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an extremely rare neurological syndrome typically affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people annually. OMS is characterized by the presence of involuntary, saccadic eye movements, as well as ataxia, including gait incoordination, rigidity, and tremor. The origin of OMS is unclear, but a significant percentage of OMS cases are indicative of an underlying malignancy, most commonly neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer. Here we describe an adult patient with OMS, who was ultimately diagnosed with a small ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. To our knowledge, this is the third published report of an association …

Intentional Foreign Body Ingestion: A Complex Case Of Pica, D Guinan, T Drvar, D Brubaker, M Ang-Rabanes, J Kupec, P Marshalek

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Intentional ingestion of foreign objects, a form of self-injurious behavior, is rarely discussed in the medical literature but often requires extensive evaluation, management, and resources. It can be especially problematic for gastroenterologists, who are often consulted for removal of the foreign body. Pica is the psychiatric diagnosis for intentional ingestion of nonnutritive objects and is most commonly seen in prison inmates and those diagnosed with intellectual disability or psychiatric illness. This case report presents a challenging case of pica, highlighting the complexity involved in diagnosis and the need for early psychiatric intervention. It also aims to provide a general review …

Abnormal Mtorc1 Signaling Leads To Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration, Jiancheng Huang, Shun Gu, Meng Chen, Shu-Jie Zhang, Zhichun Jiang, Xue Chen, Chao Jiang, Guohua Liu, Roxana A. Radu, Xiantao Sun, Doudlas Vollrath, Jianhai Du, Biao Yan, Chen Zhao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of several retinal degenerative diseases. mTORC1 signaling is shown as a crucial regulator of many biological processes and disease progression. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of mTORC1 signaling in RPE degeneration.

Methods: Western blots were conducted to detect mTORC1 expression pattern during RPE degeneration. Cre-loxP system was used to generate RPE-specific mTORC1 activation mice. Fundus, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and targeted metabolomic analysis were conducted to determine the effects of mTORC1 activation on RPE degeneration in vivo. Electroretinography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and …

Activation Of Adenosine A2a But Not A2b Receptors Is Involved In Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate-Induced Porcine Coronary Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Changyan Sun, Tong Jiao, Daphne Merkus, Dirk J. Duncker, S. Jamal Mustafa, Zhichao Zhou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Activation of both adenosine A2A and A2B receptors (A2BR) contributes to coronary vasodilation. We previously demonstrated that uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) is a novel vasodilator in the porcine coronary microcirculation, acting mainly on A2AR in smooth muscle cells (SMC). We further investigated whether activation of A2BR is involved in Up4A-mediated coronary SMC relaxation. Both A2AR and A2BR may stimulate H2O2 production leading to activation of KATP channels in SMCs, we also studied the involvement of H2O2 and KATP channels in Up4A-mediated effect. Coronary small arteries dissected from the apex of porcine hearts were mounted on wire myograph for Up4A concentration …

Comparative Genomic Analysis Of Six Glossina Genomes, Vectors Of African Trypanosomes, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Alvaro Acosta-Serrano, James E. Allen, Rosemary Bateta, Joshua B. Benoit, Kostas Bourtzis, Jelle Caers, Guy Caljon, Mikkel B. Christensen, David W. Farrow, Markus Friedrich, Aurélie Hua-Van, Emily C. Jennings, Denis M. Larkin, Daniel Lawson, Michael J. Lehane, Vasileios P. Lenis, Ernesto Lowy-Gallego, Rosaline W. Macharia, Anna R. Malacrida, Heather G. Marco, Daniel Masiga, Gareth L. Maslen, Irina Matetovic, Richard P. Meisel, Irene Meki, Veronika Michalkova, Wolfgang J. Miller, Patrick Minx, Paul O. Mireji, Lino Ometto, Andrew G. Parker, Rita Rio, Clair Rose, Andrew J. Rosendale, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Grazia Savini, Liliane Schoofs, Francesca Scolari, Martin T. Swain, Peter Takáč, Chad Tomlinson, George Tsiamis, Jan Van Abbeele, Aurelien Vigneron, Jingwen Wang, Wesley C. Warren, Robert M. Waterhouse, Mathew T. Weirauch, Brian L. Weiss, Richard K. Wilson, Xin Zhao, Serap Aksoy

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis throughout subSaharan Africa. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including lactation and the birthing of live young (obligate viviparity), a vertebrate blood-specific diet by both sexes, and obligate bacterial symbiosis. This work describes the comparative analysis of six Glossina genomes representing three sub-genera: Morsitans (G. morsitans morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. austeni), Palpalis (G. palpalis, G. fuscipes), and Fusca (G. brevipalpis) which represent different habitats, host preferences, and vectorial capacity. Results: Genomic analyses validate established evolutionary relationships and sub-genera. Syntenic analysis of Glossina relative …

On The Unusual Amber Coloration Of Nanoporous Sol-Gel Processed Al-Doped Silica Glass: An Experimental Study, Alvin Chang, Yujuan He, Maria A. Torres Arango, Maoyu Wang, Yang Ren, Zhenxing Feng, Chih-Hung Chang, Knostantinos A. Sierros

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Silica is the most abundant component on the earth’s surface. It plays an important role in many natural processes. Silica is also a critical material for a wide range of technical applications such as in optics and electronics. In this work, we discuss our recent experimental observation of the unusual amber coloration of aluminum doped sol-gel glass that has not been reported in the past. We characterized Al-doped sol-gel glasses, prepared at different sintering temperature, using a plethora of techniques to investigate the origin of this unusual coloration and to understand their structural and chemical properties. We used these experimental …

Influence Of Climate Change And Postdelisting Management On Long‐Term Population Viability Of The Conservation‐Reliant Kirtland's Warbler, Donald J. Brown, Deahn M. Donner, Christine A. Ribic, Carol I. Bocetti

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Rapid global climate change is resulting in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and in‐ teractions. Identifying management strategies that maximize probability of long‐term persistence requires an understanding of the vulnerability of species to environmen‐ tal changes. We sought to quantify the vulnerability of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), a rare Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds almost exclusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and winters in the Bahamian Archipelago, to pro‐ jected environmental changes on the breeding and wintering grounds. We devel‐ oped a population‐level simulation model that incorporates the influence of annual environmental conditions on the breeding and wintering grounds, …

Pro-Con Debate: Nitrous Oxide For Labor Analgesia, Manuel C. Vallejo, Mark I. Zakowski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This Pro-Con debate will provide the practitioner with an evidence-based knowledge approach to assist the clinician in determining whether to employ (Pro) or not to employ (Con) this technique in the obstetrical suite for labor analgesia. Nitrous oxide has been used safely in dentistry and medicine for many centuries. However, accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence increasingly suggests previously unrecognized adverse maternal and fetal effects of nitrous oxide, which warrants reconsideration of its use in pregnant women and a more detailed informed consent. Nitrous oxide is associated with metabolic, oxidative, genotoxic, and transgenerational epigenetic effects in animals and humans that may …

Global Climate Change And Invariable Photoperiods: A Mismatch That Jeopardizes Animal Fitness, William H. Walker Ii, Olga Hecmarie Meléndez‐Fernández, Randy J. Nelson, Russel J. Reiter

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The Earth's surface temperature is rising, and precipitation patterns throughout the Earth are changing; the source of these shifts is likely anthropogenic in nature. Alterations in temperature and precipitation have obvious direct and indirect ef‐ fects on both plants and animals. Notably, changes in temperature and precipita‐ tion alone can have both advantageous and detrimental consequences depending on the species. Typically, production of offspring is timed to coincide with optimal food availability; thus, individuals of many species display annual rhythms of reproductive function. Because it requires substantial time to establish or re‐establish reproduc‐ tive function, individuals cannot depend on the …

Factors Related To Intra-Tendinous Morphology Of Achilles Tendon In Runners, Kai-Yu Ho, Ari Baquet, Yu-Jen Chang, Luang-Chang Chien, Michelle Harty, Gregory Bashford, Kornelia Kulig

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The purpose of this study was to determine and explore factors (age, sex, anthropometry, running and injury/pain history, tendon gross morphology, neovascularization, ankle range of motion, and ankle plantarflexor muscle endurance) related to intra-tendinous morphological alterations of the Achilles tendon in runners. An intra-tendinous morphological change was defined as collagen fiber disorganization detected by a low peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR) obtained from spatial frequency analysis (SFA) techniques in sonography. Ninety-one runners (53 males and 38 females; 37.9 ± 11.6 years) with 8.8 ± 7.3 years of running experience participated. Height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were recorded. Participants …

Development Of Multifunctional Overhauser-Enhanced Magnetic Rresonance Imaging For Concurrent In Vivo Mapping Of Tumor Interstitial Oxygenation, Acidosis And Inorganic Phosphate Concentration, Artem A. Gorodetskii, Timothy D. Eubank, Benoit Driesschaert, Martin Poncelet, Emily Ellis, Valery V. Khramtsov, Andrey A. Bobko

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Tumor oxygenation (pO2), acidosis (pH) and interstitial inorganic phosphate concentration (Pi) are important parameters of the malignant behavior of cancer. A noninvasive procedure that enables visualization of these parameters may provide unique information about mechanisms of tumor pathophysiology and provide clues to new treatment targets. In this research, we present a multiparametric imaging method allowing for concurrent mapping of pH, spin probe concentration, pO2, and Pi using a single contrast agent and Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging technique. The developed approach was applied to concurrent multifunctional imaging in phantom samples and in vivo in a mouse model of …

A Role For Regulator Of G Protein Signaling-12 (Rgs12) In The Balance Between Myoblast Proliferation And Differentiation, Adam B. Schroer, Junaith S. Mohamed, Melinda D. Wilard, Vincent Setola, Emily Oesteich, David P. Siderovski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

• Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS proteins) inhibit G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis rate of activated Gα subunits. Some RGS proteins exert additional signal modulatory functions, and RGS12 is one such protein, with five additional, functional domains: a PDZ domain, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain, two Ras-binding domains, and a Gα·GDP-binding GoLoco motif. RGS12 expression is temporospatially regulated in developing mouse embryos, with notable expression in somites and developing skeletal muscle. We therefore examined whether RGS12 is involved in the skeletal muscle myogenic program. In the adult mouse, RGS12 is expressed in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, …