Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2019

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 29611 - 29632 of 29632

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Sheep In Aesop’S And Phaedrus’S Fables, Matteo Colombo, Chiara Raucea Jan 2019

Sheep In Aesop’S And Phaedrus’S Fables, Matteo Colombo, Chiara Raucea

Animal Sentience

Sheep feature in various animal fables. Marino & Merskin suggest that “we” view sheep as “docile, passive, unintelligent, and timid,” but animal fables do not support this view. In Aesop’s and Phaedrus’s fables, sheep are a primary target of injustice; but they are not passive targets. Sheep endure injustice actively and honestly. They are intelligent, aware and outspoken about their own condition.

Go to article

The Mental Lives Of Sheep And The Quest For A Psychological Taxonomy, Carrie Figdor Jan 2019

The Mental Lives Of Sheep And The Quest For A Psychological Taxonomy, Carrie Figdor

Animal Sentience

Research into nonhuman cognition has broadened and deepened in recent years. It supports and motivates a shift toward an ecological rather than an anthropocentric approach to cognition.

Go to article

Debunking Human Prejudice And Blindness, Peter J. Li Jan 2019

Debunking Human Prejudice And Blindness, Peter J. Li

Animal Sentience

Human prejudice and blindness to animal suffering are shocking. Despite their differences in culture, politics, and religious beliefs, humans have one thing in common. They see nonhuman animals as inferior and have since time immemorial assumed a dominant position in an asymmetrical human-animal relationship. When it comes to human-animal relations, there is no “clash of civilizations.” Human prejudice and blindness are predicated on “common sense assumptions” about the natural world and nonhuman animals in particular. Marino & Merskin’s review is part of the growing effort to debunk the assumptions that have shaped human actions so as to end the injustice …

Go to article

Cognition, Emotion, Personality And The Conservation And Management Of Wild Ungulates, Rob Found Jan 2019

Cognition, Emotion, Personality And The Conservation And Management Of Wild Ungulates, Rob Found

Animal Sentience

Increasing public understanding of the complexity of wild ungulates can improve animal welfare and advance global conservation efforts of these keystone species. Unfortunately, shaping public opinion on wild species is challenging because personal experience with wildlife is declining, popular education is still biased towards the predator instead of the prey, and scientific research is more difficult to conduct on wild ungulates compared to those on farms, in zoos, or otherwise in captivity. Nevertheless, studies of cognition, individuality, and intelligence of wild ungulates are increasing. I briefly highlight some major results from my own work on complexity in wild elk, illustrating …

Go to article

Farm Animals Are Not Humans In Sheep Clothing, Lorenz Gygax, Christian Nawroth Jan 2019

Farm Animals Are Not Humans In Sheep Clothing, Lorenz Gygax, Christian Nawroth

Animal Sentience

Research on the mental lives of farm animals is crucial to assess not only their physical but also their psychological wellbeing. Their current housing and handling practices are highly unlikely to meet their cognitive needs and demands, but our knowledge of their mental capacities is still limited. Although folk wisdom often refers to farm animals as dull and inflexible, recent studies show they have a rich interpretation of their environment and can solve complex problems. Yet an uncritical and anthropomorphic assessment of farm animal cognition and behaviour may lead to the attribution of an exaggerated amount of cognitive flexibility. Contrary …

Go to article

The Intelligence Of Sheep, David Gamez Jan 2019

The Intelligence Of Sheep, David Gamez

Animal Sentience

This commentary suggests how recent theories about the predictive brain could help us understand the evidence put forward by Marino & Merskin for intelligence in sheep. I contrast predictive intelligence in sheep with automatic behaviors that do not require intelligence, and I consider the flexibility of sheep intelligence.

Go to article

Cognitive Dissonance About Sheep Cognition And Consumption, Catia Correia Caeiro Jan 2019

Cognitive Dissonance About Sheep Cognition And Consumption, Catia Correia Caeiro

Animal Sentience

Sheep are perceived as mere resources under the massive demand of the food and wool industry. Evidence that sheep cognition is comparable to that of other species may inspire reflection on sheep consumption. Dogs may be a promising comparison species.

Go to article

Exploring Frameworks For Rapid Visualization Of Viral Proteins Common For A Given Host, Rajesh Subramaniam Jan 2019

Exploring Frameworks For Rapid Visualization Of Viral Proteins Common For A Given Host, Rajesh Subramaniam

Computer Science

Viruses are unique organisms that lack the protein machinery necessary for its propagation (like polymerase) yet possess other proteins that facilitate its propagation (like host cell anchoring proteins). This study explores seven different frameworks to assist rapid visualization of proteins that are common to viruses residing in a given host. The proposed frameworks rely only on protein sequence information. It was found that the sequence similarity-based framework with an associated profile hidden Markov model was a better tool to assist visualization of proteins common to a given host than other proposed frameworks based only on amino acid composition or other …

Go to article

Using Machine Learning And Graph Mining Approaches To Improve Software Requirements Quality: An Empirical Investigation, Maninder Singh Jan 2019

Using Machine Learning And Graph Mining Approaches To Improve Software Requirements Quality: An Empirical Investigation, Maninder Singh

Computer Science

Software development is prone to software faults due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders especially during the fuzzy phases (requirements and design). Software inspections are commonly used in industry to detect and fix problems in requirements and design artifacts, thereby mitigating the fault propagation to later phases where the same faults are harder to find and fix. The output of an inspection process is list of faults that are present in software requirements specification document (SRS). The artifact author must manually read through the reviews and differentiate between true-faults and false-positives before fixing the faults. The first goal of this …

Go to article

Enumeration Of Dense Modules In Networks, Yashwanth Goud Durgapathi Jan 2019

Enumeration Of Dense Modules In Networks, Yashwanth Goud Durgapathi

Computer Science

To analyze large networks in various research fields including biology, sociology, and web mining, detection of dense modules (a.k.a. clusters) is a crucial step. Though numerous methods have been proposed to this aim, they often lack mathematical rigor. Namely, there is no guarantee that all dense modules are detected. Here, a novel method for enumerating all dense modules is presented as well as a python program implementing this algorithm. Module detection plays a significant role in variety of modern systems to understand their functionality in depth for example in Biology. In Biology many data bases for the protein-protein interactions are …

Go to article

Predictive Performance Evaluation Of Different Neural Networks Using Stock Prices, Deepika Nyavanandi Jan 2019

Predictive Performance Evaluation Of Different Neural Networks Using Stock Prices, Deepika Nyavanandi

Computer Science

Forecasting stock market prices has been a challenging task due to its volatile nature and nonlinearity. Recently, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become popular in solving a variety of scientific and financial problems including stock market price forecasting. ANNs have the ability to capture the underlying nonlinearity and complex relationship between the dependent and independent variables. This paper aims to compare the performance of various neural networks including Feed Forward Neural Networks (FNN), Vanilla Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks by forecasting stock market prices of three different companies. Empirical results show that the LSTM …

Go to article

Scalable Particle Swarm Optimization And Differential Evolution Approaches Applied To Classification, Jamil Al-Sawwa Jan 2019

Scalable Particle Swarm Optimization And Differential Evolution Approaches Applied To Classification, Jamil Al-Sawwa

Computer Science

Applying the nature-inspired methods in the data mining area has been gaining more attention by researchers. Classification is one of the data mining tasks which aims to analyze historical data by discovering hidden relationships between the input and the output that would help to predict an accurate outcome for an unseen input. The classification algorithms based on nature-inspired methods have been successfully used in numerous applications such as medicine and agriculture. However, the amount of data that has been collected or generated in these areas has been increasing exponentially. Thus, extracting useful information from large data requires computational time and …

Go to article

The Impact Of Disrupted Caregiving For Juvenile Sexual Offenders, Miranda Sitney, Keith L. Kaufman Jan 2019

The Impact Of Disrupted Caregiving For Juvenile Sexual Offenders, Miranda Sitney, Keith L. Kaufman

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research that attempts to understand why young people commit sex crimes points to an array of family factors that may uniquely contribute to sexual offending over general juvenile delinquency. This study examines the potentially moderating role of disrupted caregiving in the relationship between offending and caregiver-child relationship quality. Two distinct moderators were tested: gender of caregiver and biological relationship between caregiver and child. Results indicate that juvenile sexual offenders have particularly poor relationships with their primary caregivers compared to incarcerated non-sexual offenders and community controls. Furthermore, sexual offenders with male caregivers were found to have lower relationship quality scores than …

Go to article

Evolution And Clustering Of Prodromal Parkinsonian Features In Gba1 Carriers, Stephen Mullin, Michelle Beavan, Jonathan Bestwick, Alisdair Mcneill, Christos Proukakis, Timothy Cox, Derralynn Hughes, Atul Mehta, Henrik Zetterberg, Anthony H.V. Schapira Jan 2019

Evolution And Clustering Of Prodromal Parkinsonian Features In Gba1 Carriers, Stephen Mullin, Michelle Beavan, Jonathan Bestwick, Alisdair Mcneill, Christos Proukakis, Timothy Cox, Derralynn Hughes, Atul Mehta, Henrik Zetterberg, Anthony H.V. Schapira

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Going To Extremes: The Goldilocks/Lagom Principle And Data Distribution, Henry J. Leese, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Victoria Allgar, Daniel R. Brison, Roger Sturmey Jan 2019

Going To Extremes: The Goldilocks/Lagom Principle And Data Distribution, Henry J. Leese, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Victoria Allgar, Daniel R. Brison, Roger Sturmey

Peninsula Medical School

Numerical data in biology and medicine are commonly presented as mean or median with error or confidence limits, to the exclusion of individual values. Analysis of our own and others’ data indicates that this practice risks excluding ‘Goldilocks’ effects in which a biological variable falls within a range between ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ with a region between where its function is ‘just right’; a concept captured by the Swedish term ‘Lagom’. This was confirmed by a narrative search of the literature using the PubMed database, which revealed numerous relationships of biological and clinical phenomena of the Goldilocks/Lagom form including …

Go to article

Transmural Unipolar Electrogram Change Occurs Within 7s At The Left Atrial Posterior Wall During Pulmonary Vein Isolation, Dr Tomlinson, M Myles, Kn Stevens, A Streeter Jan 2019

Transmural Unipolar Electrogram Change Occurs Within 7s At The Left Atrial Posterior Wall During Pulmonary Vein Isolation, Dr Tomlinson, M Myles, Kn Stevens, A Streeter

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Perioperative Oxidative Stress: The Unseen Enemy, Jia L. Stevens, Martin Feelisch, Daniel S. Martin Jan 2019

Perioperative Oxidative Stress: The Unseen Enemy, Jia L. Stevens, Martin Feelisch, Daniel S. Martin

Peninsula Medical School

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular signaling and physiological function. An imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant protection results in a state of oxidative stress (OS), which is associated with perturbations in reduction/oxidation (redox) regulation, cellular dysfunction, organ failure, and disease. The pathophysiology of OS is closely interlinked with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and, in the case of surgery, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Perioperative OS is a complex response that involves patient, surgical, and anesthetic factors. The magnitude of tissue injury inflicted by the surgery affects the degree of OS, and both duration and nature of the anesthetic procedure applied …

Go to article

Dietary Intake Of Inorganic Nitrate In Vegetarians And Omnivores And Its Impact On Blood Pressure, Resting Metabolic Rate And The Oral Microbiome, Ann Ashworth, Craig Clarke, Garry Farnham, Luke Liddle, Mia Burleigh, Ana Rodiles, Carla Sillitti, Michele Kiernan, Melanie Moore, Mary Hickson, Chris Easton, Raul Bescos Jan 2019

Dietary Intake Of Inorganic Nitrate In Vegetarians And Omnivores And Its Impact On Blood Pressure, Resting Metabolic Rate And The Oral Microbiome, Ann Ashworth, Craig Clarke, Garry Farnham, Luke Liddle, Mia Burleigh, Ana Rodiles, Carla Sillitti, Michele Kiernan, Melanie Moore, Mary Hickson, Chris Easton, Raul Bescos

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Neural Correlates Of Weighted Reward Prediction Error During Reinforcement Learning Classify Response To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Depression, Filippo Queirazza, Elsa Fouragnan, J. Douglas Steele, Jonathan Cavanagh, Marios G. Philiastides Jan 2019

Neural Correlates Of Weighted Reward Prediction Error During Reinforcement Learning Classify Response To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Depression, Filippo Queirazza, Elsa Fouragnan, J. Douglas Steele, Jonathan Cavanagh, Marios G. Philiastides

School of Psychology

While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder, only up to 45% of depressed patients will respond to it. At present, there is no clinically viable neuroimaging predictor of CBT response. Notably, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of treatment response has hindered identification of predictive biomarkers. To obtain mechanistically meaningful fMRI predictors of CBT response, we capitalize on pretreatment neural activity encoding a weighted reward prediction error (RPE), which is implicated in the acquisition and processing of feedback information during probabilistic learning. Using a conventional mass-univariate fMRI analysis, we demonstrate that, at the group …

Go to article

Safeguarding Children And The Use Of Theory In Practice, Pa Welbourne Jan 2019

Safeguarding Children And The Use Of Theory In Practice, Pa Welbourne

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Mine Or Mother’S? Exploring The Self-Ownership Effect Across Cultures, M Golubickis, Nsp Ho, Jk Falbén, Km Mackenzie, A Boschetti, Wa Cunningham, Macrae C Neil Jan 2019

Mine Or Mother’S? Exploring The Self-Ownership Effect Across Cultures, M Golubickis, Nsp Ho, Jk Falbén, Km Mackenzie, A Boschetti, Wa Cunningham, Macrae C Neil

School of Psychology

In exploring self-biases in cognition and decision-making, recent research has demonstrated cultural variation in the emergence of the self-ownership effect in memory. Whereas Westerners display enhanced memory for items owned by the self (vs. mother), this effect is reversed among Asian participants. Developing this line of inquiry, here we considered whether cultural influences on ownership extend to other outcomes—specifically, the efficiency of object categorization. In two experiments, Western and Asian participants were required to report if previously assigned items (i.e., pencils and pens) were owned-by-self or owned-by-mother. Results revealed a self-prioritization effect for participants from both cultures, such that responses …

Go to article

Proteomic Analysis Of Cortical Neuronal Cultures Treated With Poly-Arginine Peptide-18 (R18) And Exposed To Glutamic Acid Excitotoxicity, Gabriella Macdougall, Ryan S. Anderton, Frank L. Mastaglia, Neville W. Knuckey, Bruno P. Meloni Jan 2019

Proteomic Analysis Of Cortical Neuronal Cultures Treated With Poly-Arginine Peptide-18 (R18) And Exposed To Glutamic Acid Excitotoxicity, Gabriella Macdougall, Ryan S. Anderton, Frank L. Mastaglia, Neville W. Knuckey, Bruno P. Meloni

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) has recently emerged as a highly effective neuroprotective agent in experimental stroke models, and is particularly efficacious in protecting cortical neurons against glutamic acid excitotoxicity. While we have previously demonstrated that R18 can reduce excitotoxicity-induced neuronal calcium influx, other molecular events associated with R18 neuroprotection are yet to investigated. Therefore, in this study we were particularly interested in protein expression changes in R18 treated neurons subjected to excitotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was used to compare protein expression patterns in primary cortical neuronal cultures subjected to: (i) R18-treatment alone (R18); (ii) glutamic acid excitotoxic injury (Glut); (iii) R18-treatment and …

Go to article

First Prev