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Two-Dimensional Maximal Repetitions, Amihood Amir, Gad M. Landau, Shoshana Marcus, Dina Sokol

Publications and Research

Maximal repetitions or runs in strings have a wide array of applications and thus have been extensively studied. In this paper, we extend this notion to 2-dimensions, precisely defining a maximal 2D repetition. We provide initial bounds on the number of maximal 2D repetitions that can occur in a matrix. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of the first algorithm for locating all maximal 2D repetitions in a matrix. The algorithm is efficient and straightforward, with runtime O(n^2 log n log log n+ rho log n), where n^2 is the size of the input, and rho is …

Effects Of Nonnative Rainbow Trout On Two Species Of Endemic Mexican Amphibians, A. B. Estrella Zamora, Geoffrey R. Smith, J. A. Lemos-Espinal, G. A. Woolrich-Pina, R. Montoya Ayala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Relaxation Techniques For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, M. Suganuma

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour and this may contribute to the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined currently available evidence on the use of relaxation therapies for pain management in labour. This is an update of a review first published in 2011.

Objectives: To examine the effects of mind-body relaxation techniques for pain management in labour on maternal and neonatal well-being during and after labour.

Search methods: We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register (9 May 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials …

Massage, Reflexology And Other Manual Methods For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, C. Ee, M. Suganuma

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background

Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour, and thismay contribute towards the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined the evidence currently available on manual methods, including massage and reflexology, for pain management in labour. This review is an update of the review first published in 2012.

Objectives

To assess the effect, safety and acceptability of massage, reflexology and other manual methods to manage pain in labour.

Search methods

For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register (30 June 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of …

Impact Of Aging On The Auditory System And Related Cognitive Functions: A Narrative Review, Dona M.P Jayakody, Peter L. Friedland, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), presbycusis, is a chronic health condition that affects approximately one-third of the world’s population. The peripheral and central hearing alterations associated with age-related hearing loss have a profound impact on perception of verbal and non-verbal auditory stimuli. The high prevalence of hearing loss in the older adults corresponds to the increased frequency of dementia in this population. Therefore, researchers have focused their attention on age-related central effects that occur independent of the peripheral hearing loss as well as central effects of peripheral hearing loss and its association with cognitive decline and dementia. Here we review the …

Using A Chronic Hepatitis B Registry To Support Population-Level Liver Cancer Prevention In Sydney, Australia, Monica C. Robotin, Ximena Masgoret, Mamta Porwal, David Goldsbury, Chee Khoo, Jacob George

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Approximately 1% of Australians have chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which disproportionately affects people born in hepatitis B-endemic countries. Currently, approximately half of the people affected remain undiagnosed and antiviral treatment uptake is suboptimal (~5%). This increases the likelihood of developing end-stage disease complications, particularly hepatocellular cancer (HCC), and largely accounts for the significant increases in HCC incidence and mortality in Australia over the last decades. As our previous economic modeling suggested that CHB screening and treatment is cost-effective, we tested the feasibility of a primary carebased model of CHB diagnosis and management to prevent HCC.

Materials and methods: From …

Effect Of Adjunctive Ranitidine For Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials, Xiaojing Gu, Rui Chen, Chen-Hui Sun, Wei Zheng, Xin-Hu Yang, Shi-Bin Wang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chee Ng, Andrei Golenkov, Grace Lok, Lu Li, Ines Chow, Fei Wang, Yu-Tao Xiang

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

This study was a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ranitidine as an adjunct for antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. RCTs reporting weight gain or metabolic side effects in patients with schizophrenia were included. Case reports/series, nonrandomized or observational studies, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The primary outcome measures were body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and body weight (kg). Four RCTs with five study arms were identified and analyzed. Compared with the control group, adjunctive ranitidine was associated with marginally significant reductions in BMI and body weight. After removing an outlier study for BMI, the effect of …

Pain Medicine Content, Teaching And Assessment In Medical School Curricula In Australia And New Zealand, Elspeth E. Shipton, Frank Bate, Raymond Garrick, Carole Steketee, Eric J. Visser

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: The objective of pain medicine education is to provide medical students with opportunities to develop their knowledge, skills and professional attitudes that will lead to their becoming safe, capable, and compassionate medical practitioners who are able to meet the healthcare needs of persons in pain. This study was undertaken to identify and describe the delivery of pain medicine education at medical schools in Australia and New Zealand.

Method: All 23 medical schools in Australia and New Zealand in 2016 were included in this study. A structured curriculum audit tool was used to obtain information on pain medicine curricula including …

Nonstandard Lumbar Region In Predicting Fracture Risk, Dima Alajlouni, Dana Bliuc, Thach Tran, Nicholas Pocock, Tuan Nguyen, John A. Eisman, Jacqueline Center

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Femoral neck BMD is the most commonly used skeletal site to estimate fracture risk. The role of lumbar spine BMD in fracture risk prediction is less clear due to osteophytes that spuriously increase LS BMD, particularly at lower levels. The aim of this study was to compare fracture predictive ability of upper L1-L2 BMD compared to standard L2-L4 BMD and assess whether the addition of either lumbar spine site could improve fracture prediction over FN BMD.

Methodology: A prospective cohort of 3016 women and men 60+ years from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study followed for occurrence of minimal trauma …

Comorbidities Only Account For A Small Proportion Of Excess Mortality After Fracture: A Record Linkage Study Of Individual Fracture Types, Chen Weiwen, Judy Simpson, Lynette March, Fiona Blyth, Dana Bliuc, Thach Tran, Tuan Nguyen, John A. Eisman, Jacqueline Center

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Non-hip non-vertebral fractures (NHNV) constitute the majority of osteoporotic fractures but few studies have examined the association between these fractures, co-morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To examine the relationship between individual non-hip non-vertebral fractures, co-morbidities and mortality.

Methods: Prospective population-based cohort of 267,043 subjects (45 and Up Study, Australia) had baseline questionnaires linked to hospital administrative and all-cause mortality data from 2006 - 2013. Associations between fracture and mortality examined using multivariate, time dependent Cox models, adjusted for age, prior fracture, body mass index, smoking and co-morbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, thrombosis and cancer) and survival function curves. Population attributable …

Reduced Mortality And Subsequent Fracture Risk Associated With Oral Bisphosphonate Recommendation In A Fracture Liaison Service Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study, Tineke A. Van Geel, Dana Bliuc, Piet P. Geusens, Jacqueline R. Center, Geert-Jan Dinant, Thach Tran, Joop P. Van Den Bergh, Alastair R. Mclellan, John A. Eisman

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: Osteoporotic fragility fractures, that are common in men and women, signal increased risk of future fractures and of premature mortality. Less than one-third of postmenopausal women and fewer men are prescribed active treatments to reduce fracture risk. Therefore, in this study the association of oral bisphosphonate recommendation with subsequent fracture and mortality over eight years in a fracture liaison service setting was analysed.

Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 5011 men and women aged >50 years, who sustained a clinical fracture, accepted the invitation to attend the fracture liaison service of the West Glasgow health service between …

The Prevalence Of Autism Spectrum Disorders In China: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Fei Wang, Li Lu, Shi-Bin Wang, Ling Zhang, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, Xiao-Lan Cao, Jian-Ping Lu, Cai-Lan Hou, Fu-Jun Jia, Yu-Tao Xiang

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

There are conflicting prevalence estimates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainland China (China thereafter). This study is a comprehensive meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of ASDs in the general population in China. Study investigators independently conducted a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biomedical literature service system, and Wan Fang. Studies reporting prevalence of ASDs and autism in Chinese population were identified and analysed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program with the random effects model. Forty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis comprising 2,337,321 subjects of whom 46.66 % were females. …

A Profiling Analysis Of Contributions Of Cigarette Smoking, Dietary Calcium Intakes, And Physical Activity To Fragility Fracture In The Elderly, Thuy T. Pham, Diep N. Nguyen, Eryk Dutkiewicz, Jacqueline R. Center, John A. Eisman, Tuan V. Nguyen

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Fragility fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) are influenced by common and modifiable lifestyle factors. In this study, we sought to define the contribution of lifestyle factors to fracture risk by using a profiling approach. The study involved 1683 women and 1010 men (50+ years old, followed up for up to 20 years). The incidence of new fractures was ascertained by X-ray reports. A “lifestyle risk score” (LRS) was derived as the weighted sum of effects of dietary calcium intake, physical activity index, and cigarette smoking. Each individual had a unique LRS, with higher scores being associated with a healthier …

The Association Between Post-Stroke Depression, Aphasia, And Physical Independence In Stroke Patients At 3-Month Follow-Up, Shuo Wang, Chun-Xue Wang, Ning Zhang, Yu-Tao Xiang, Yang Yang, Yu-Zhi Shi, Yi-Ming Deng, Mei-Fang Zhu, Fei Liu, Ping Yu, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chee H. Ng

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: Few studies have examined the association between post-stroke depression (PSD), aphasia, and physical independence in Chinese patients. This study investigated the above association in stroke patients in China at 3-month follow-up.

Methods: Altogether 270 patients within 14 days after ischemic stroke were recruited and followed up at 3 months. PSD, aphasia, and physical functional status were measured using the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire (SADQ), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), and modified Rankin Scale (mRS), respectively. Patients with mRS total score >2 were considered as having “physical dependence.”

Results: Out of 248 patients at 3-month follow up, 119 (48%) were rated …

Progression-Free Survival As A Surrogate Endpoint For Overall Survival In Modern Ovarian Cancer Trials: A Meta-Analysis, Katrin M. Sjoquist, Sarah J. Lord, Michael L. Friedlander, Robert John Simes, Ian C. Marschner, Chee Khoon Lee

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Progression-free survival (PFS) has been adopted as the primary endpoint in many randomized controlled trials, and can be determined much earlier than overall survival (OS). We investigated whether PFS is a good surrogate endpoint for OS in trials of first-line treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and whether this relationship has changed with the introduction of new treatment types.

Methods: In a meta-analysis, we identified summary data [hazard ratio (HR) and median time] from published randomized controlled trials. Linear regression was used to assess the association between treatment effects on PFS and OS overall, and for subgroups defined by …

Depressive Symptoms In Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Of Comparative Studies, Qing-E Zhang, Fei Wang, Geng Qin, Wei Zheng, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, Zhen Yuan, Songli Mei, Gang Wang, Yu-Tao Xiang

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Depression is common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the reported prevalence across different studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis systematically examined the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with IBS. Two investigators independently performed a literature search. The pooled depressive symptom severity was calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating factors of the development of depressive symptoms. Twenty four studies (n=2,837) comparing depressive symptoms between IBS patients (n=1,775) and healthy controls (n=1,062) were identified; 14 (58.3%) studies were rated as high quality. Compared to healthy controls, …

The Association Between Urinary Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein And Cognitive Impairment In Late-Life Depression: A Controlled Pilot Study, Qing-E Zhang, Sihai Ling, Peng Li, Saina Zhang, Chee H. Ng, Gabor S. Ungvari, Liang-Jen Wang, Sheng-Yu Lee, Gang Wang, Yu-Tao Xiang

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Accumulation of tau protein is associated with both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and late-life depression (LLD). Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP), which is closely linked with the tau protein, is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of AD patients. This study examined the association between urinary AD7c-NTP and late-life depression with cognitive impairment. One hundred and thirty-eight subjects were recruited into late-life depression with cognitive impairment (LLD-CI, n=52), late-life depression without cognitive impairment (LLD-NCI, n=29), AD (n=27), and healthy control (HC, n=30) groups. The level of urinary AD7c-NTP was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment …

Cortical Aav-Cntf Gene Therapy Combined With Intraspinal Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Transplantation Promotes Functional And Morphological Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury In Adult Rats, Stuart I. Hodgetts, Jun Han Yoon, Alysia Fogliani, Emmanuel A. Akinpelu, Danii Baron-Heeris, Imke G.J Houwers, Lachlan P.G Wheeler, Bernadette T. Majda, Sreya Santhakumar, Sarah J. Lovett, Emma Duce, Margaret A. Pollett, Tylie M. Wiseman, Brooke Fehily, Alan R. Harvey

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes survival and enhances long-distance regeneration of injured axons in parts of the adult CNS. Here we tested whether CNTF gene therapy targeting corticospinal neurons (CSN) in motor-related regions of the cerebral cortex promotes plasticity and regrowth of axons projecting into the female adult F344 rat spinal cord after moderate thoracic (T10) contusion injury (SCI). Cortical neurons were transduced with a bicistronic adeno-associated viral vector (AAV1) expressing a secretory form of CNTF coupled to mCHERRY (AAV-CNTF^mCherry) or with control AAV only (AAV-GFP) two weeks prior to SCI. In some animals, viable or …

20-Year Outcomes Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autograft: The Catastrophic Effect Of Age And Posterior Tibial Slope, Lucy J. Salmon, Emma Heath, Hawar Akrawi, Justin P. Roe, James Linklater, Leo Pinczewski

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: No well-controlled studies have compared the long-term outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft between adolescents and adults. Increased posterior tibial slopes (PTSs) have been reported in the ACL-injured versus controls, but the effect of PTS on the outcome after reconstruction is relatively unexplored.

Purpose: To compare the prospective longitudinal outcome of ‘‘isolated’’ ACL ruptures treated with anatomic endoscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft over 20 years in adolescent and adult cohorts and to examine factors for repeat ACL injury.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: A single-surgeon series of 200 …

Evaluation Of Serum Glycoprotein Biomarker Candidates For Detection Of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma And Surveillance Of Barrett’S Esophagus, Alok K. Shah, Gunter Hartel, Ian Brown, Clay Winterford, Renhua Na, Kim-Anh Le Cao, Bradley A. Spicer, Michelle Dunstone, Wayne A. Phillips, Reginald V. Lord, Andrew P. Barbour, David I. Watson, Virendra Joshi, David C. Whiteman, Michelle M. Hill

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is thought to develop from asymptomatic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with a low annual rate of conversion. Current endoscopy surveillance for BE patients is probably not cost-effective. Previously, we discovered serum glycoprotein biomarker candidates which could discriminate BE patients from EAC. Here, we aimed to validate candidate serum glycoprotein biomarkers in independent cohorts, and to develop a biomarker candidate panel for BE surveillance. Serum glycoprotein biomarker candidates were measured in 301 serum samples collected from Australia (4 states) and USA (1 clinic) using previously established lectin magnetic bead array (LeMBA) coupled multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) tier …

Vitamin D Deficiency And Segregation Status In Prisoners, Zelda Doyle, John Dearin, Joe Mcgirr

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate if any exposure to segregation minimal association in a single male prison population had any association with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Design/methodology/approach: A retrospective case study was undertaken with all inmates who had a 25-hyrdoxy-vitamin D test taken during the study period deemed eligible. Hand searching of the medical records by an independent party identified eligible participants whose data were recorded for analysis.

Findings: In total, 124 prisoners were deemed eligible for inclusion; 67 were vitamin D sufficient and 57 were vitamin D deficient by Australian standards. Time …

Decision Makers' Experience Of Participatory Dynamic Simulation Modelling: Methods For Public Health Policy, Louise Freebairn, Jo-An Atkinson, Paul M. Kelly, Geoff Mcdonnell, Lucie Rychetnik

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Systems science methods such as dynamic simulation modelling are well suited to address questions about public health policy as they consider the complexity, context and dynamic nature of system-wide behaviours. Advances in technology have led to increased accessibility and interest in systems methods to address complex health policy issues. However, the involvement of policy decision makers in health-related simulation model development has been lacking. Where end-users have been included, there has been limited examination of their experience of the participatory modelling process and their views about the utility of the findings. This paper reports the experience of end-user decision …

5-Year Survival Of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Living Donor Hamstring Tendon Grafts, Emma L. Heath, Lucy J. Salmon, Robert Cooper, Evangelos Pappas, Justin P. Roe, Leo Pinczewski

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: It is well accepted that there is a higher incidence of repeat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the pediatric population after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft tissue compared with adults. Hamstring autograft harvest may contribute to the risk for repeat ACL injuries in this high functional demand group. A novel method is the use of a living donor hamstring tendon (LDHT) graft from a parent; however, there is currently limited research on the outcomes of this technique, particularly beyond the short term.

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the medium-term survival of the ACL graft and the contralateral …

Status Reports Of The Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2016/17. State Of The Fisheries, Daniel J. Gaughan, K. Santoro

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia (SRFAR) provide an annual update on the state of the fish stocks and other aquatic resources of Western Australia (WA). These reports outline the most recent assessments of the cumulative risk status for each of the aquatic resources (assets) within WA’s six Bioregions using an Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach.

The General Motor Ability Hypothesis: An Old Idea Revisited, Beth Hands, Fleur Mcintyre, Helen Parker

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

While specific motor abilities have become a popular explanation for motor performance, the older, alternate notion of a general motor ability should be revisited. Current theories lack consensus, and most motor assessment tools continue to derive a single composite score to represent motor capacity. In addition, results from elegant statistical procedures such as higher order factor analyses, cluster analyses, and Item Response Theory support a more global motor ability. We propose a contemporary model of general motor ability as a unidimensional construct that is emergent and fluid over an individual’s lifespan, influenced by both biological and environmental factors. In this …

Literature Review: Anthropometric, Strength And Physical Capacities Of Senior And Junior Australian Footballers, Ashley Cripps, Ysabel Jacob, James Walker, Benjamin Piggott

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

This study demonstrates that senior Australian Football players are heavier and possess superior strength characteristics without any meaningful difference in aerobic capacities when compared to under 18 players.

The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric and physical characteristics of state based junior and senior Australian Football (AF) players. Thirty-One League (age 23.7 ± 2.6 years), 19 Development League (DL) (age 20.5 ± 1.9 years), and 34 Under 18 (U18) players (age 17.4 ± 0.7 years) were recruited from a single AF club. Assessments included height and mass, upper body (bench press and weighted pull-up) and lower body …

Is There A Link Between Vitamin B And Multiple Sclerosis?, Natalie Nemazannikova, Kathleen Mikkelsen, Lily Stojanovska, Gregory L. Blatch, Vasso Apostolopoulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Damage to the myelin sheath (demyelination) is one of the main manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, both MS and vitamin B deficiencies result in severe myelin degeneration, leading to loss in neuronal signal transmission.

Objective: Deficiency in vitamin B complex vary, although common symptoms include fatigue, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and demyelination. In particular, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) has had increased attention for its role in the methylation process, involvement in myelination and remyelination, and reversal of MS symptoms.

Method: Here, we discuss the role of vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) in …

Intense Exercise For Survival Among Men With Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Interval-Gap4): A Multicentre, Randomized, Controlled Phase Iii Study Protocol, Robert U. Newton, Stacey A. Kenfield, Nicolas H. Hart, June M. Chan, Kerry S. Courneya, James Catto, Stephen P. Finn, Rosemary Greenwood, Daniel C. Hughes, Lorelei Mucci, Stephen R. Plymate, Stephan F.E Plaet, Emer M. Guinan, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Orla Casey, Mark Buzza, Sam Gledhill, Li Zhang, Daniel A. Galvao, Charles J. Ryan, Fred Saad

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Preliminary evidence supports the beneficial role of physical activity on prostate cancer outcomes. This phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT) is designed to determine if supervised high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise increases overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods and analysis: Participants (n=866) must have histologically documented metastatic prostate cancer with evidence of progressive disease on androgen deprivation therapy (defined as mCRPC). Patients can be treatmentnaive for mCRPC or on first-line androgen receptor-targeted therapy for mCRPC (ie, abiraterone or enzalutamide) without evidence of progression at enrolment, and with no prior chemotherapy for mCRPC. Patients …

Time For Change: Fitness And Strength Can Be Improved And Sustained In Adolescents With Low Motor Competence, Beth Hands, Paola Chivers, Tegan Grace, Fleur Mcintyre

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: There are few exercise interventions focused on adolescents with low motor competence and most interventions are short with little follow up and engagement over time.

Methods and procedures: Fifty-eight adolescents with low motor competence (39 males, Mean Age=13.6, SD=1.4 years) attended an exercise clinic twice a week for each 13 week program. Two programs ran each year, and participants attended for as long as they felt progress was made or they turned 18 years of age. Performance on the Multistage Fitness Test (MSFT), Curl-ups, Grip Strength, 1RM Leg press and Chest Press, Vertical Jump and Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) …

Netrin-1-Like-Immunoreactivity Co-Expresses With Dcc And Has A Differential Level In The Myenteric Cholinergic And Nitrergic Neurons Of The Adult Mouse Colon, Suh Youn Ko, John T. Price, Gregory L. Blatch, Kulmira Nurgali

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Netrin-1 is a potent axonal and neuronal guidance cue in the developing nervous system. Netrin-1 functions are mediated by its receptors, such as deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) present on axons and neurons. Localization of DCC and Netrin-1 on various types of enteric neurons and their role in the mature enteric nervous system is unknown. The results of our study revealed that almost all enteric neurons and processes express DCC and Netrin-1 in the adult mice. Netrin-1-like-immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in the cytoplasm of neurons with some showing strong or weak staining. The majority of Netrin-1-like-immunoreactive enteric neurons were choline …